Broadcasing即扩展,推广的意思,是为了使不同shape的array相互能够进行运算。
例子如下:
a = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
b = np.array([2.0, 2.0, 2.0])
a * b
array([ 2., 4., 6.])
>>> a = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> b = 2.0
>>> a * b
array([ 2., 4., 6.])
其中扩展规则如下,从后往前依次对shape中的各个值进行比较,兼容的情况有如下三种:
- 二者的数值一样
- 其中有一个数值为1
- shape长度不一样时,扩展时长度不够的那一个自动进行长度扩展,扩展值为1.
下面是详细的例子:
Image (3d array): 256 x 256 x 3
Scale (1d array): 3
Result (3d array): 256 x 256 x 3
A (4d array): 8 x 1 x 6 x 1
B (3d array): 7 x 1 x 5
Result (4d array): 8 x 7 x 6 x 5
A (2d array): 5 x 4
B (1d array): 1
Result (2d array): 5 x 4
A (2d array): 5 x 4
B (1d array): 4
Result (2d array): 5 x 4
A (3d array): 15 x 3 x 5
B (3d array): 15 x 1 x 5
Result (3d array): 15 x 3 x 5
A (3d array): 15 x 3 x 5
B (2d array): 3 x 5
Result (3d array): 15 x 3 x 5
A (3d array): 15 x 3 x 5
B (2d array): 3 x 1
Result (3d array): 15 x 3 x 5