正在看《C++ Primer》(4th),第325页给出了一个TextQuery例子,很好地总结了STL容器的用法,但是书上没有给出连续完整的代码,我实验过后把程序记录下来,便于以后查找回忆。该程序的功能是查找输入文本文件中某个单词的出现次数及其行号。
先上TextQuery类的头文件TextQuery.h:
#ifndef TEXTQUERY_H_
#define TEXTQUERY_H_
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream> //ifstream 的头文件
#include<set>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include <stdlib.h> //EXIT_FALURE 的头文件
#include<sstream> //istringstream的头文件
#include<utility> //pairs的头文件
using namespace std;
class TextQuery {
public:
typedef std::vector<std::string>::size_type line_no;
void read_file(std::ifstream &is) {
store_file(is);
build_map();
}
std::set<line_no> run_query(const std::string &) const;
std::string text_line(line_no) const;
private:
void store_file(std::ifstream&);
void build_map();
std::vector<std::string> lines_of_text;
std::map<std::string, std::set<line_no> > word_map;
};
ifstream &open_file(ifstream &in, const string &file);
void print_results(const set<TextQuery::line_no>& locs, const string& sought, const TextQuery &file);
然后是TextQuery.cpp:
#include "TextQuery.h"
#include <stdexcept>
void TextQuery::store_file(ifstream &is)
{
string textline;
while (getline(is, textline))
lines_of_text.push_back(textline);
}
void TextQuery::build_map()
{
for (line_no line_num = 0; line_num != lines_of_text.size(); ++line_num) {
istringstream line(lines_of_text[line_num]);
string word;
while (line >> word)
word_map[word].insert(line_num);
}
}
set<TextQuery::line_no> TextQuery::run_query(const string &query_word) const
{
map<string, set<line_no> >::const_iterator loc = word_map.find(query_word);
if (loc == word_map.end())
return set<line_no>();
else
return loc->second;
}
string TextQuery::text_line(line_no line) const
{
if (line < lines_of_text.size())
return lines_of_text[line];
throw std::out_of_range("line number out of range");
}
string make_plural(size_t ctr, const string &word, const string &ending)
{
return (ctr == 1) ? word : word + ending;
}
ifstream &open_file(ifstream &in, const string &file)
{
in.close(); // close in case it was already open
in.clear(); // clear any existing errors
// if the open fails, the stream will be in an invalid state
in.open(file.c_str()); // open the file we were given
return in; // condition state is good if open succeeded
}
void print_results(const set<TextQuery::line_no>& locs, const string& sought, const TextQuery &file)
{
typedef set<TextQuery::line_no> line_nums;
line_nums::size_type size = locs.size();
cout << "\n" << sought << " occurs " << size << " "
<< make_plural(size, "time", "s") << endl;
line_nums::const_iterator it = locs.begin();
for (; it != locs.end(); ++it) {
cout << "\t(line" << (*it) + 1 << ")" << file.text_line(*it) << endl;
}
}
最后是main.cpp:
#include "TextQuery.h"
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
ifstream infile;
if (argc < 2 || !open_file(infile, argv[1])) {
cerr << "No input file!" << endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
TextQuery tq;
tq.read_file(infile);
while (true) {
cout << "enter word to look for,or q to quit" << endl;
string s;
cin >> s;
if (!cin || s == "q")
break;
set<TextQuery::line_no> locs = tq.run_query(s);
print_results(locs, s, tq);
}
return 0;
}
我是在Ubuntu 13.04下g++编译测试的:
最后上测试结果: