重建口令文件

由于练习机模拟，误删了口令文件，所以不得不重建：


SQL> exit
从 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 断
开

C:\>sqlplus sys/manager@55 as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 5月 8 13:43:09 2015


Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges


===================================================
SQL> grant sysdba to sys;
grant sysdba to sys
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01994: GRANT 失败: 口令文件缺失或已禁用

所以不得不重建口令文件：
Usage: orapwd file=<fname> entries=<users> force=<y/n> ignorecase=<y/n> nosysdba=<y/n>
 where
    file - name of password file (required),
    password - password for SYS will be prompted if not specified at command line,
    entries - maximum number of distinct DBA (optional),
    force - whether to overwrite existing file (optional),
    ignorecase - passwords are case-insensitive (optional),
    nosysdba - whether to shut out the SYSDBA logon (optional Database Vault only).
    There must be no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.
[oracle@localhost ~]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$orcl3939 entries=10 force=y;
Enter password for SYS: 
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /  as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 5月 8 14:02:48 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
连接到: 
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users; 


USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                            TRUE  TRUE  FALSE



orapwd file=orapworcl password=oracle force=y 
orapwd file=<密码文件的名字orapw<sid>> 
password=< sys用户的密码> 
entries=< 密码文件中的用户数目限制 (二进制文件按矩阵计算可存多少数)> 
force=<y/n10g可选新增，默认n ,y表示允许覆盖>

官网11gR2:

ORAPWD FILE=filename [ENTRIES=numusers] [FORCE={Y|N}] [IGNORECASE={Y|N}]

Command arguments are summarized in the following table.

Argument	Description
FILE	Name to assign to the password file. You must supply a complete path. If you supply only a file name, the file is written to the current directory.
ENTRIES	(Optional) Maximum number of entries (user accounts) to permit in the file.
FORCE	(Optional) If y, permits overwriting an existing password file.
IGNORECASE	(Optional) If y, passwords are treated as case-insensitive.

There are no spaces permitted around the equal-to (=) character.

The command prompts for the SYS password and stores the password in the created password file.

Example

The following command creates a password file named orapworcl that allows up to 30 privileged users with different passwords.

orapwd FILE=orapworcl ENTRIES=30

官网(12c)：更为详细

orapwd FILE=filename [ENTRIES=numusers] [FORCE={y|n}] [ASM={y|n}] 
[DBUNIQUENAME=dbname] [FORMAT={12|legacy}] [SYSBACKUP={y|n}] [SYSDG={y|n}] 
[SYSKM={y|n}] [DELETE={y|n}] [INPUT_FILE=input-fname]
orapwd DESCRIBE FILE=filename 
Command arguments are summarized in the following table.
 
 

  
  
Argument
Description
FILE
If
 the DESCRIBE argument is not included, then specify the name to assign to the new password file. You must supply a complete path. If you supply only a file name, the file is written to the current directory.
If the DESCRIBE argument is included, then specify the name of an existing password file.
PASSWORD
Password
 for SYS. You are prompted for the password if it is not specified. The password is stored in the created password file.
ENTRIES
(Optional)
 Maximum number of entries (user accounts) to permit in the file.
FORCE
(Optional)
 If y, permits overwriting an existing password file.
ASM
(Optional)
 If y, create an Oracle ASM password file in an Oracle ASM disk group.
If n, the default, create a password file in the operating system file system. When the DBUNIQUENAME argument is specified, the password file is a database password file. When the DBUNIQUENAME argument is not specified, the password file can be a database password file or an Oracle ASM password file.
DBUNIQUENAME
Unique
 database name used to identify database password files residing in an ASM disk group only. This argument is required when the database password file is stored on an Oracle ASM disk group. This argument is ignored when an Oracle ASM password file is created
 by setting the ASM argument to y.
FORMAT
(Optional)
 If 12, the default, the password file is created in Oracle Database 12c format. This format supports the SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, and SYSKM administrative privileges.
If legacy, the password file is in legacy format, which is the format before Oracle Database 12c. This argument cannot be set to legacywhen the SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, or SYSKM argument is specified.
SYSBACKUP
(Optional)
 If y, creates a SYSBACKUP entry in the password file. You are prompted for the password. The password is stored in the created password file.
SYSDG
(Optional)
 If y, creates a SYSDG entry in the password file. You are prompted for the password. The password is stored in the created password file.
SYSKM
(Optional)
 If y, creates a SYSKM entry in the password file. You are prompted for the password. The password is stored in the created password file.
DELETE
(Optional)
 If y, delete the specified password file.
If n, the default, create the specified password file.
INPUT_FILE
(Optional)
 Name of the input password file. ORAPWD migrates the entries in the input file to a new password file. This argument can convert a password file from legacy format to Oracle Database 12cformat. ORAPWD cannot
 migrate an input password that is stored in an Oracle ASM disk group.
DESCRIBE
Describes
 the properties of the specified password file, including theFORMAT value (12 or legacy) and the IGNORECASE value (y orn)