常见算法

 

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主题:我见到过的一些常用算法 此帖已加入精华区 

作者:lanjingquan
专家分:500

发表时间:2003-10-3 22:54:12    [回复]

 楼主  

在网上看到的一些东西,贴出来供大家参考.

签名档
俱怀逸兴壮思飞
欲上青天揽明月

作者:lanjingquan
专家分:500

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发表时间:2003-10-3 22:55:17    [回复] 

 1楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: 算法--黑白棋子(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sat Oct 21 23:57:24 2000), 转信
发信人: jek (好好学习天天向上), 信区: Program
标  题: 黑白棋子
发信站: BBS 荔园晨风站 (Sat Mar 11 14:50:46 2000), 转信
//黑白棋子
#include
int sp;
char c[20];
int i,m;
void mv(int);
void mos(int);
void main()
{    int n;
    cout<<"Input (n>=4)";cin>>n;
m=n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{c[i]='0';c[i+n]='1';}
sp=n*2+1;
mv(n);
cin>>i;
}
void mv(int n)
{
    if(n==4)
{
mos(4);
mos(8);
mos(2);
mos(7);
mos(1);
}
else
{
mos(n);
mos(2*n-1);
mv(n-1);
    }
}
void mos(int k)
{
    c[sp]=c[k];
c[sp+1]=c[k+1];
sp=k;
c[k]='_';
c[k+1]='_';
for(i=1;i<=2*m+2;i++)
    cout<
cout<
}
--
            .      .-~/
           / `-'/.'    `- :
           |    /          `._
           |   |   .-.        {
            /  |   `-'         `.

签名档
俱怀逸兴壮思飞
欲上青天揽明月
 
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作者:lanjingquan
专家分:500

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发表时间:2003-10-3 22:56:20    [回复] 

 2楼  

发信人: LaoHong (批处理中), 信区: Program
标  题: 计算24点的程序
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Sep  9 18:30:55 2001), 转信
看大家一直在孜孜以求的计算24, 不如贴个程序出来,
可以在1秒种之内解决任何计算24的问题. 当然想算25, 26...
也是可以的. 希望以此作为24问题的终结.
#include "stdafx.h"
//
//原理, 将4个数字和3个运算符按"波兰表达式"组成一个序列,
// 计算该序列的值是否为所求目标. 可以对这个序列的组成
// 进行遍历, 以确定是否有解.
//根据我的计算如果只限于用1-10之间的数字计算24, 总共有
// 715个不同的题目, 其中566个有解. 如果是1-13, 则有
// 1820个不同的题目, 其中1362个有解
//
int total = 0; //解的个数
int sp; //当前表达式栈指针
int s[7]; //表达式栈
void Evaluate(int& fz, int& fm)
//计算表达式的值, fz, fm为计算结果的分子, 分母
{
int op, l, m, opn[4];
op = s[sp]; //取栈顶元素
for (l = 0; l < 4; l += 2)
{
if ((m = s[++sp]) > 0) //是数字
{
opn[l] = m;
opn[l + 1] = 1;
}
else //是运算符
Evaluate(opn[l], opn[l + 1]);
}
//根据运算符进行计算
//opn[0]/opn[1] 是第一个操作数,
//opn[2]/opn[3] 是第二个操作数,
switch (op)
{
case -4: //乘法
fz = opn[0] * opn[2];
fm = opn[1] * opn[3];
break;
case -3: //加法
fz = opn[0] * opn[3] + opn[1] * opn[2];
fm = opn[1] * opn[3];
break;
case -2: //减法
fz = opn[0] * opn[3] - opn[1] * opn[2];
fm = opn[1] * opn[3];
break;
case -1: //除法
fz = opn[0] * opn[3];
fm = opn[1] * opn[2];
break;
}
}
void Display(CString& m)
//将表达式转换为字符串
{
int i;
CString n;
CString n;
m = "";
for (i = 0; i < 7; i++)
{
switch (s[i])
{
case -4: m += " *"; break;
case -3: m += " +"; break;
case -2: m += " -"; break;
case -1: m += " /"; break;
default: n.Format("%3d", s[i]); m += n; break;
}
}
}
void Compute(int target, int a, int b, int c, int d, CStringArray& ma)
// target - 计算结果(一般为24)
// a, b, c, d - 参加计算的4个数
// ma - 解的字符串表达形式
{
int l1, l2, l3, op1, op2, op3;
int l, fz, fm, num[4];
CString m;
//记录表达式中间四个元素的排列方式
// 其中loc[i][0], loc[i][1]表示第二, 第三两个运算符的位置
// loc[i][2], loc[i][3]表示第一, 第二两个操作数的位置
int loc[5][4] = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {1, 3, 2, 4}, {1, 4, 2, 3},
{2, 3, 1, 4}, {2, 4, 1, 3}};
//num中记录a, b, c, d的一个排列
for (l1 = 0; l1 < 4; l1++)
{
num[l1] = a;
for (l2 = 0; l2 < 4; l2++)
{
if (l2 == l1) continue;
num[l2] = b;
for (l3 = 0; l3 < 4; l3++)
{
if (l3 == l1 || l3 == l2) continue;
num[l3] = c;
num[6 - l1 - l2 - l3] = d;
//表达式最后两个必须是数字
s[5] = num[2];
s[6] = num[3];
for (l = 0; l < 5; l++)
{
s[loc[l][2]] = num[0];
s[loc[l][3]] = num[1];
for (op1 = -4; op1 < 0; op1++)
{
//表达式第一个必须运算符
s[0] = op1;
for (op2 = -4; op2 < 0; op2++)
{
s[loc[l][0]] = op2;
for (op3 = -4; op3 < 0; op3++)
{
s[loc[l][1]] = op3;
sp = 0;
Evaluate(fz, fm);
//分母不为0, 可以整除, 商为24表示计算成功
if (fm != 0 && fz % fm == 0 && fz / fm == target)
{
Display(m);
ma.Add(m);
total++;
//这里加return就是只求一个解,
//否则是求出全部解(没有考虑剔除重复解)
return;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
--

签名档
俱怀逸兴壮思飞
欲上青天揽明月
 
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作者:lanjingquan
专家分:500

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发表时间:2003-10-3 22:57:32    [回复] 

 3楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: Huffman算法 (转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 00:42:31 2000), 转信
发信人: bury (颓废的埋葬), 信区: Programming
标  题: Huffman算法
发信站: 逸仙时空 Yat-sen Channel (Wed Apr 19 13:37:43 2000), 站内信件
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sat Feb 26 23:47:50 2000)
以前写的一个C程序不见了,刚好在华工的站上
有VC的,就顺手贴了过来了,算法流程应该是最
重要的,很多讲数字压缩的都有Huffman算法.
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define EXIT_OK 0
#define EXIT_FAILED -1
//

FILE  *infile, *outfile;
unsigned long int  textsize = 0, codesize = 0, printcount = 0;
void Error(char *message)
{
        printf("/n%s/n", message);
        exit(-1);
}
/* LZSS Parameters */
#define N               4096    /* Size of string buffer */
#define F               60      //* Size of look-ahead buffer 60
#define THRESHOLD       2
#define NIL             N       /* End of tree's node  */
unsigned char
                text_buf[N + F -1];//-1
int             match_position, match_length,
                lson[N + 1], rson[N + 257], dad[N + 1];
void InitTree(void)  /* Initializing tree */
{
        int  i;
        for (i = N + 1; i <= N + 256; i++)
                rson[i] = NIL;                  /* root */
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
                dad[i] = NIL;                   /* node */
}
void InsertNode(int r)  /* Inserting node to the tree */
{
        int  i, p, cmp;
        unsigned char  *key;
        unsigned c;
        cmp = 1;
        key = &text_buf[r];
        p = N + 1 + key[0];
        rson[r] = lson[r] = NIL;
        match_length = 0;
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (cmp >= 0) {
                        if (rson[p] != NIL)
                                p = rson[p];
                        else {
                                rson[p] = r;
                                dad[r] = p;
                                return;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (lson[p] != NIL)
                                p = lson[p];
                        else {
                                lson[p] = r;
                                dad[r] = p;
                                return;
                        }
                }
                for (i = 1; i < F; i++)
                        if ((cmp = key[i] - text_buf[p + i]) != 0)
                                break;
                if (i > THRESHOLD) {
                        if (i > match_length) {
                                match_position = ((r - p) & (N - 1)) - 1;
                                if ((match_length = i) >= F)
                                        break;
                        }
                        if (i == match_length) {
                                if ((c = ((r - p) & (N - 1)) - 1) < match_po
sitoon) {
                                        match_position = c;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
        dad[r] = dad[p];
        lson[r] = lson[p];
        rson[r] = rson[p];
        dad[lson[p]] = r;
        dad[rson[p]] = r;
        if (rson[dad[p]] == p)
                rson[dad[p]] = r;
        else
                lson[dad[p]] = r;
        dad[p] = NIL;  /* remove p */
}
void DeleteNode(int p)  /* Deleting node from the tree */
{
        int  q;
        if (dad[p] == NIL)
                return;                 /* unregistered */
        if (rson[p] == NIL)
                q = lson[p];
        else
        if (lson[p] == NIL)
                q = rson[p];
        else {
                q = lson[p];
                if (rson[q] != NIL) {
                        do {
                                q = rson[q];
                        } while (rson[q] != NIL);
                        rson[dad[q]] = lson[q];
                        dad[lson[q]] = dad[q];
                        lson[q] = lson[p];
                        dad[lson[p]] = q;
                }
                rson[q] = rson[p];
                dad[rson[p]] = q;
        }
        dad[q] = dad[p];
        if (rson[dad[p]] == p)
                rson[dad[p]] = q;
        else
                lson[dad[p]] = q;
        dad[p] = NIL;
}
/* Huffman coding parameters */
#define N_CHAR          (256 - THRESHOLD + F)
                                /* character code (= 0..N_CHAR-1) */
#define T               (N_CHAR * 2 - 1)        /* Size of table */
#define R               (T - 1)                 /* root position */
#define MAX_FREQ        0x8000
}
                                        /* update when cumulative frequency
*/
                                        /* reaches to this value */
typedef unsigned char uchar;
/*
* Tables for encoding/decoding upper 6 bits of
* sliding dictionary pointer
*/
/* encoder table */
uchar p_len[64] = {
        0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08
};
uchar p_code[64] = {
        0x00, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x58, 0x60, 0x68,
        0x70, 0x78, 0x80, 0x88, 0x90, 0x94, 0x98, 0x9C,
       0xA0, 0xA4, 0xA8, 0xAC, 0xB0, 0xB4, 0xB8, 0xBC,
        0xC0, 0xC2, 0xC4, 0xC6, 0xC8, 0xCA, 0xCC, 0xCE,
        0xD0, 0xD2, 0xD4, 0xD6, 0xD8, 0xDA, 0xDC, 0xDE,
        0xE0, 0xE2, 0xE4, 0xE6, 0xE8, 0xEA, 0xEC, 0xEE,
        0xF0, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7,
        0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA, 0xFB, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0xFE, 0xFF
};
/* decoder table */
uchar d_code[256] = {
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
        0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
        0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,
        0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
        0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,
        0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A,
        0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B,
        0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x0D,
        0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F,
        0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11,
        0x12, 0x12, 0x12, 0x12, 0x13, 0x13, 0x13, 0x13,
        0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15,
        0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x17, 0x17, 0x17, 0x17,
        0x18, 0x18, 0x19, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1B,
        0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x1F,
        0x20, 0x20, 0x21, 0x21, 0x22, 0x22, 0x23, 0x23,
        0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27,
        0x28, 0x28, 0x29, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2B, 0x2B,
        0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0x2F,
        0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
        0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F,
};
uchar d_len[256] = {
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
       0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
};
unsigned freq[T + 1];   /* cumulative freq table */
/*
* pointing parent nodes.
* area [T..(T + N_CHAR - 1)] are pointers for leaves
*/
int prnt[T + N_CHAR];
/* pointing children nodes (son[], son[] + 1)*/
int son[T];
unsigned getbuf = 0;
uchar getlen = 0;
int GetBit(void)        /* get one bit */
{
        int i;
        while (getlen <= 8) {
                if ((i = getc(infile)) < 0) i = 0;
                getbuf |= i << (8 - getlen);
                getlen += 8;
        }
        i = getbuf;
        getbuf <<= 1;
        getlen--;
        return (i<0);
}
int GetByte(void)       /* get a byte */
{
        long int i;
        while (getlen <= 8) {
                if ((i = getc(infile)) < 0) i = 0;
                getbuf |= i << (8 - getlen);
                getlen += 8;
        }
        i = getbuf;
        getbuf <<= 8;
        getlen -= 8;
        return (i>>8);
}
unsigned putbuf = 0;
uchar putlen = 0;
void Putcode(int l, unsigned c)         /* output c bits */
{
        putbuf |= c >> putlen;
        if ((putlen += l) >= 8) {
                putc(putbuf >> 8, outfile);
                if ((putlen -= 8) >= 8) {
                        putc(putbuf, outfile);
                        codesize += 2;
                        putlen -= 8;
                        putbuf = c << (l - putlen);
                } else {
                        putbuf <<= 8;
                        codesize++;
                }
        }
}
/* initialize freq tree */
void StartHuff()
{
        int i, j;
        for (i = 0; i < N_CHAR; i++) {
                freq[i] = 1;
                son[i] = i + T;
                prnt[i + T] = i;
        }
        i = 0; j = N_CHAR;
        while (j <= R) {
                freq[j] = freq[i] + freq[i + 1];
                son[j] = i;
                prnt[i] = prnt[i + 1] = j;
                i += 2; j++;
        }
        freq[T] = 0xffff;
        prnt[R] = 0;
}
/* reconstruct freq tree */
void reconst()
{
        int i, j, k;
        unsigned f, l;
        /* halven cumulative freq for leaf nodes */
        j = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < T; i++) {
                if (son[i] >= T) {
                        freq[j] = (freq[i] + 1) / 2;
                        son[j] = son[i];
                        j++;
                }
        }
        /* make a tree : first, connect children nodes */
        for (i = 0, j = N_CHAR; j < T; i += 2, j++) {
                k = i + 1;
               f = freq[j] = freq[i] + freq[k];
                for (k = j - 1; f < freq[k]; k--);
                k++;
                l = (j - k) * 2;
                /* movmem() is Turbo-C dependent
                   rewritten to memmove() by Kenji */
                /* movmem(&freq[k], &freq[k + 1], l); */
                (void)memmove(&freq[k + 1], &freq[k], l);
                freq[k] = f;
                /* movmem(&son[k], &son[k + 1], l); */
                (void)memmove(&son[k + 1], &son[k], l);
                son[k] = i;
        }
        /* connect parent nodes */
        for (i = 0; i < T; i++) {
                if ((k = son[i]) >= T) {
                        prnt[k] = i;
                } else {
                        prnt[k] = prnt[k + 1] = i;
                }
        }
}
/* update freq tree */
void update(int c)
{
        int i, j, k, l;
        if (freq[R] == MAX_FREQ) {
                reconst();
        }
        c = prnt[c + T];
        do {
                k = ++freq[c];
                /* swap nodes to keep the tree freq-ordered */
                if (k > freq[l = c + 1]) {
                        while (k > freq[++l]);
                        l--;
                        freq[c] = freq[l];
                       freq[l] = k;
                        i = son[c];
                        prnt[i] = l;
                        if (i < T) prnt[i + 1] = l;
                        j = son[l];
                        son[l] = i;
                        prnt[j] = c;
                        if (j < T) prnt[j + 1] = c;
                        son[c] = j;
                        c = l;
                }
        } while ((c = prnt[c]) != 0);   /* do it until reaching the root */
}
unsigned code, len;
void EncodeChar(unsigned c)
{
        unsigned i;
        int j, k;
        i = 0;
        j = 0;
        k = prnt[c + T];
        /* search connections from leaf node to the root */
        do {
                i >>= 1;
                /*
                if node's address is odd, output 1
                else output 0
                */
                if (k & 1) i += 0x8000;
                j++;
        } while ((k = prnt[k]) != R);
        Putcode(j, i);
        code = i;
        len = j;
        update(c);
}
void EncodePosition(unsigned c)
{
        unsigned i;
        /* output upper 6 bits with encoding */
        i = c >> 6;
        Putcode(p_len[i], (unsigned)p_code[i] << 8);
        /* output lower 6 bits directly */
        Putcode(6, (c & 0x3f) << 10);
}
void EncodeEnd()
{
        if (putlen) {
                putc(putbuf >> 8, outfile);
                codesize++;
        }
}
int DecodeChar()
{
        unsigned c;
        c = son[R];
        /*
         * start searching tree from the root to leaves.
         * choose node #(son[]) if input bit == 0
         * else choose #(son[]+1) (input bit == 1)
         */
        while (c < T) {
                c += GetBit();
               c = son[c];
        }
        c -= T;
        update(c);
        return c;
}
int DecodePosition()
{
        unsigned i, j, c;
        /* decode upper 6 bits from given table */
        i = GetByte();
        c = (unsigned)d_code[i] << 6;
        j = d_len[i];
        /* input lower 6 bits directly */
        j -= 2;
        while (j--) {
                i = (i << 1) + GetBit();
        }
        return c | i & 0x3f;
}
/* Compression */
void Encode(void)  /* Encoding/Compressing */
{
        int  i, c, len, r, s, last_match_length;
        fseek(infile, 0L, 2);
        textsize = ftell(infile);
        if (fwrite(&textsize, sizeof textsize, 1, outfile) < 1)
                Error("Unable to write");       /* write size of original te
xt /
        if (textsize == 0)
                return;
        rewind(infile);
        textsize = 0;                   /* rewind and rescan */
        StartHuff();
        InitTree();
        s = 0;
        r = N - F;
        for (i = s; i < r; i++)
                text_buf[i] = ' ';
        for (len = 0; len < F && (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; len++)
                text_buf[r + len] = c;
        textsize = len;
        for (i = 1; i <= F; i++)
                InsertNode(r - i);
        InsertNode(r);
        do {
                if (match_length > len)
                        match_length = len;
                if (match_length <= THRESHOLD) {
                        match_length = 1;
                        EncodeChar(text_buf[r]);
                } else {
                        EncodeChar(255 - THRESHOLD + match_length);
                        EncodePosition(match_position);
                }
                last_match_length = match_length;
                for (i = 0; i < last_match_length &&
                                (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; i++) {
                        DeleteNode(s);
                        text_buf[s] = c;
                        if (s < F - 1)
                                text_buf[s + N] = c;
                        s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
                        r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
                        InsertNode(r);
                }
                if ((textsize += i) > printcount) {
                        printf("%12ld/r", textsize);
                        printcount += 1024;
                }
                while (i++ < last_match_length) {
                        DeleteNode(s);
                        s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
                        r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
                        if (--len) InsertNode(r);
                }
        } while (len > 0);
        EncodeEnd();
        printf("input: %ld bytes/n", textsize);
        printf("output: %ld bytes/n", codesize);
}
void Decode(int pnum,int all)  /* Decoding/Uncompressing */
{
        int  i, j, k, r, c;
        unsigned long int  count;
        if (fread(&textsize, sizeof textsize, 1, infile) < 1)
                Error("Unable to read");  /* read size of original text */
        if (textsize == 0)
                return;
        StartHuff();
        for (i = 0; i < N - F; i++)
                text_buf[i] = ' ';
        r = N - F;
        for (count = 0; count < textsize; ) {
                c = DecodeChar();
                if (c < 256) {
                        putc(c, outfile);
                        text_buf[r++] = c;
                        r &= (N - 1);
                        count++;
                } else {
                        i = (r - DecodePosition() - 1) & (N - 1);
                        j = c - 255 + THRESHOLD;
                        for (k = 0; k < j; k++) {
                                c = text_buf[(i + k) & (N - 1)];
                                putc(c, outfile);
                                text_buf[r++] = c;
                                r &= (N - 1);
                                count++;
                        }
                }
                if (count > printcount) {
                        process(0,count*100L/textsize);
                        process(1,pnum+count*(long)all/textsize);
                        printcount += 1024;
                }
        }
        process(0,99);
        process(1,pnum+all);
}
//解码调用程序
int exact(char *s1,char *s2,int pnum,int all)
{
   char s[100];
   infile=fopen(s1,"rb");
   if(infile==NULL)
    {
     sprintf(s,"File %s not found",s1);
     OutWindow(s);
     return 1;
    }
   sprintf(s,"%s//%s",destpath,s2);
   outfile=fopen(s,"wb");
   Decode(pnum,all);
   fclose(infile);
   fclose(outfile);
   textsize=0;
   codesize=0;
   printcount = 0;
   getbuf = 0;
   getlen = 0;
   putbuf = 0;
   putlen = 0;
   return 0;
}
--

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作者:lanjingquan
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发表时间:2003-10-3 22:58:46    [回复] 

 4楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: Huffman算法 (转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 00:42:31 2000), 转信
发信人: bury (颓废的埋葬), 信区: Programming
标  题: Huffman算法
发信站: 逸仙时空 Yat-sen Channel (Wed Apr 19 13:37:43 2000), 站内信件
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sat Feb 26 23:47:50 2000)
以前写的一个C程序不见了,刚好在华工的站上
有VC的,就顺手贴了过来了,算法流程应该是最
重要的,很多讲数字压缩的都有Huffman算法.
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define EXIT_OK 0
#define EXIT_FAILED -1
//

FILE  *infile, *outfile;
unsigned long int  textsize = 0, codesize = 0, printcount = 0;
void Error(char *message)
{
        printf("/n%s/n", message);
        exit(-1);
}
/* LZSS Parameters */
#define N               4096    /* Size of string buffer */
#define F               60      //* Size of look-ahead buffer 60
#define THRESHOLD       2
#define NIL             N       /* End of tree's node  */
unsigned char
                text_buf[N + F -1];//-1
int             match_position, match_length,
                lson[N + 1], rson[N + 257], dad[N + 1];
void InitTree(void)  /* Initializing tree */
{
        int  i;
        for (i = N + 1; i <= N + 256; i++)
                rson[i] = NIL;                  /* root */
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
                dad[i] = NIL;                   /* node */
}
void InsertNode(int r)  /* Inserting node to the tree */
{
        int  i, p, cmp;
        unsigned char  *key;
        unsigned c;
        cmp = 1;
        key = &text_buf[r];
        p = N + 1 + key[0];
        rson[r] = lson[r] = NIL;
        match_length = 0;
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (cmp >= 0) {
                        if (rson[p] != NIL)
                                p = rson[p];
                        else {
                                rson[p] = r;
                                dad[r] = p;
                                return;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (lson[p] != NIL)
                                p = lson[p];
                        else {
                                lson[p] = r;
                                dad[r] = p;
                                return;
                        }
                }
                for (i = 1; i < F; i++)
                        if ((cmp = key[i] - text_buf[p + i]) != 0)
                                break;
                if (i > THRESHOLD) {
                        if (i > match_length) {
                                match_position = ((r - p) & (N - 1)) - 1;
                                if ((match_length = i) >= F)
                                        break;
                        }
                        if (i == match_length) {
                                if ((c = ((r - p) & (N - 1)) - 1) < match_po
sitoon) {
                                        match_position = c;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
        dad[r] = dad[p];
        lson[r] = lson[p];
        rson[r] = rson[p];
        dad[lson[p]] = r;
        dad[rson[p]] = r;
        if (rson[dad[p]] == p)
                rson[dad[p]] = r;
        else
                lson[dad[p]] = r;
        dad[p] = NIL;  /* remove p */
}
void DeleteNode(int p)  /* Deleting node from the tree */
{
        int  q;
        if (dad[p] == NIL)
                return;                 /* unregistered */
        if (rson[p] == NIL)
                q = lson[p];
        else
        if (lson[p] == NIL)
                q = rson[p];
        else {
                q = lson[p];
                if (rson[q] != NIL) {
                        do {
                                q = rson[q];
                        } while (rson[q] != NIL);
                        rson[dad[q]] = lson[q];
                        dad[lson[q]] = dad[q];
                        lson[q] = lson[p];
                        dad[lson[p]] = q;
                }
                rson[q] = rson[p];
                dad[rson[p]] = q;
        }
        dad[q] = dad[p];
        if (rson[dad[p]] == p)
                rson[dad[p]] = q;
        else
                lson[dad[p]] = q;
        dad[p] = NIL;
}
/* Huffman coding parameters */
#define N_CHAR          (256 - THRESHOLD + F)
                                /* character code (= 0..N_CHAR-1) */
#define T               (N_CHAR * 2 - 1)        /* Size of table */
#define R               (T - 1)                 /* root position */
#define MAX_FREQ        0x8000
}
                                        /* update when cumulative frequency
*/
                                        /* reaches to this value */
typedef unsigned char uchar;
/*
* Tables for encoding/decoding upper 6 bits of
* sliding dictionary pointer
*/
/* encoder table */
uchar p_len[64] = {
        0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08
};
uchar p_code[64] = {
        0x00, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x58, 0x60, 0x68,
        0x70, 0x78, 0x80, 0x88, 0x90, 0x94, 0x98, 0x9C,
       0xA0, 0xA4, 0xA8, 0xAC, 0xB0, 0xB4, 0xB8, 0xBC,
        0xC0, 0xC2, 0xC4, 0xC6, 0xC8, 0xCA, 0xCC, 0xCE,
        0xD0, 0xD2, 0xD4, 0xD6, 0xD8, 0xDA, 0xDC, 0xDE,
        0xE0, 0xE2, 0xE4, 0xE6, 0xE8, 0xEA, 0xEC, 0xEE,
        0xF0, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7,
        0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA, 0xFB, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0xFE, 0xFF
};
/* decoder table */
uchar d_code[256] = {
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
        0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
        0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,
        0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
        0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,
        0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A,
        0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B,
        0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x0D,
        0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F,
        0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11,
        0x12, 0x12, 0x12, 0x12, 0x13, 0x13, 0x13, 0x13,
        0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15,
        0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x17, 0x17, 0x17, 0x17,
        0x18, 0x18, 0x19, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1B,
        0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x1F,
        0x20, 0x20, 0x21, 0x21, 0x22, 0x22, 0x23, 0x23,
        0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27,
        0x28, 0x28, 0x29, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2B, 0x2B,
        0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0x2F,
        0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
        0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F,
};
uchar d_len[256] = {
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
       0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
};
unsigned freq[T + 1];   /* cumulative freq table */
/*
* pointing parent nodes.
* area [T..(T + N_CHAR - 1)] are pointers for leaves
*/
int prnt[T + N_CHAR];
/* pointing children nodes (son[], son[] + 1)*/
int son[T];
unsigned getbuf = 0;
uchar getlen = 0;
int GetBit(void)        /* get one bit */
{
        int i;
        while (getlen <= 8) {
                if ((i = getc(infile)) < 0) i = 0;
                getbuf |= i << (8 - getlen);
                getlen += 8;
        }
        i = getbuf;
        getbuf <<= 1;
        getlen--;
        return (i<0);
}
int GetByte(void)       /* get a byte */
{
        long int i;
        while (getlen <= 8) {
                if ((i = getc(infile)) < 0) i = 0;
                getbuf |= i << (8 - getlen);
                getlen += 8;
        }
        i = getbuf;
        getbuf <<= 8;
        getlen -= 8;
        return (i>>8);
}
unsigned putbuf = 0;
uchar putlen = 0;
void Putcode(int l, unsigned c)         /* output c bits */
{
        putbuf |= c >> putlen;
        if ((putlen += l) >= 8) {
                putc(putbuf >> 8, outfile);
                if ((putlen -= 8) >= 8) {
                        putc(putbuf, outfile);
                        codesize += 2;
                        putlen -= 8;
                        putbuf = c << (l - putlen);
                } else {
                        putbuf <<= 8;
                        codesize++;
                }
        }
}
/* initialize freq tree */
void StartHuff()
{
        int i, j;
        for (i = 0; i < N_CHAR; i++) {
                freq[i] = 1;
                son[i] = i + T;
                prnt[i + T] = i;
        }
        i = 0; j = N_CHAR;
        while (j <= R) {
                freq[j] = freq[i] + freq[i + 1];
                son[j] = i;
                prnt[i] = prnt[i + 1] = j;
                i += 2; j++;
        }
        freq[T] = 0xffff;
        prnt[R] = 0;
}
/* reconstruct freq tree */
void reconst()
{
        int i, j, k;
        unsigned f, l;
        /* halven cumulative freq for leaf nodes */
        j = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < T; i++) {
                if (son[i] >= T) {
                        freq[j] = (freq[i] + 1) / 2;
                        son[j] = son[i];
                        j++;
                }
        }
        /* make a tree : first, connect children nodes */
        for (i = 0, j = N_CHAR; j < T; i += 2, j++) {
                k = i + 1;
               f = freq[j] = freq[i] + freq[k];
                for (k = j - 1; f < freq[k]; k--);
                k++;
                l = (j - k) * 2;
                /* movmem() is Turbo-C dependent
                   rewritten to memmove() by Kenji */
                /* movmem(&freq[k], &freq[k + 1], l); */
                (void)memmove(&freq[k + 1], &freq[k], l);
                freq[k] = f;
                /* movmem(&son[k], &son[k + 1], l); */
                (void)memmove(&son[k + 1], &son[k], l);
                son[k] = i;
        }
        /* connect parent nodes */
        for (i = 0; i < T; i++) {
                if ((k = son[i]) >= T) {
                        prnt[k] = i;
                } else {
                        prnt[k] = prnt[k + 1] = i;
                }
        }
}
/* update freq tree */
void update(int c)
{
        int i, j, k, l;
        if (freq[R] == MAX_FREQ) {
                reconst();
        }
        c = prnt[c + T];
        do {
                k = ++freq[c];
                /* swap nodes to keep the tree freq-ordered */
                if (k > freq[l = c + 1]) {
                        while (k > freq[++l]);
                        l--;
                        freq[c] = freq[l];
                       freq[l] = k;
                        i = son[c];
                        prnt[i] = l;
                        if (i < T) prnt[i + 1] = l;
                        j = son[l];
                        son[l] = i;
                        prnt[j] = c;
                        if (j < T) prnt[j + 1] = c;
                        son[c] = j;
                        c = l;
                }
        } while ((c = prnt[c]) != 0);   /* do it until reaching the root */
}
unsigned code, len;
void EncodeChar(unsigned c)
{
        unsigned i;
        int j, k;
        i = 0;
        j = 0;
        k = prnt[c + T];
        /* search connections from leaf node to the root */
        do {
                i >>= 1;
                /*
                if node's address is odd, output 1
                else output 0
                */
                if (k & 1) i += 0x8000;
                j++;
        } while ((k = prnt[k]) != R);
        Putcode(j, i);
        code = i;
        len = j;
        update(c);
}
void EncodePosition(unsigned c)
{
        unsigned i;
        /* output upper 6 bits with encoding */
        i = c >> 6;
        Putcode(p_len[i], (unsigned)p_code[i] << 8);
        /* output lower 6 bits directly */
        Putcode(6, (c & 0x3f) << 10);
}
void EncodeEnd()
{
        if (putlen) {
                putc(putbuf >> 8, outfile);
                codesize++;
        }
}
int DecodeChar()
{
        unsigned c;
        c = son[R];
        /*
         * start searching tree from the root to leaves.
         * choose node #(son[]) if input bit == 0
         * else choose #(son[]+1) (input bit == 1)
         */
        while (c < T) {
                c += GetBit();
               c = son[c];
        }
        c -= T;
        update(c);
        return c;
}
int DecodePosition()
{
        unsigned i, j, c;
        /* decode upper 6 bits from given table */
        i = GetByte();
        c = (unsigned)d_code[i] << 6;
        j = d_len[i];
        /* input lower 6 bits directly */
        j -= 2;
        while (j--) {
                i = (i << 1) + GetBit();
        }
        return c | i & 0x3f;
}
/* Compression */
void Encode(void)  /* Encoding/Compressing */
{
        int  i, c, len, r, s, last_match_length;
        fseek(infile, 0L, 2);
        textsize = ftell(infile);
        if (fwrite(&textsize, sizeof textsize, 1, outfile) < 1)
                Error("Unable to write");       /* write size of original te
xt /
        if (textsize == 0)
                return;
        rewind(infile);
        textsize = 0;                   /* rewind and rescan */
        StartHuff();
        InitTree();
        s = 0;
        r = N - F;
        for (i = s; i < r; i++)
                text_buf[i] = ' ';
        for (len = 0; len < F && (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; len++)
                text_buf[r + len] = c;
        textsize = len;
        for (i = 1; i <= F; i++)
                InsertNode(r - i);
        InsertNode(r);
        do {
                if (match_length > len)
                        match_length = len;
                if (match_length <= THRESHOLD) {
                        match_length = 1;
                        EncodeChar(text_buf[r]);
                } else {
                        EncodeChar(255 - THRESHOLD + match_length);
                        EncodePosition(match_position);
                }
                last_match_length = match_length;
                for (i = 0; i < last_match_length &&
                                (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; i++) {
                        DeleteNode(s);
                        text_buf[s] = c;
                        if (s < F - 1)
                                text_buf[s + N] = c;
                        s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
                        r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
                        InsertNode(r);
                }
                if ((textsize += i) > printcount) {
                        printf("%12ld/r", textsize);
                        printcount += 1024;
                }
                while (i++ < last_match_length) {
                        DeleteNode(s);
                        s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
                        r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
                        if (--len) InsertNode(r);
                }
        } while (len > 0);
        EncodeEnd();
        printf("input: %ld bytes/n", textsize);
        printf("output: %ld bytes/n", codesize);
}
void Decode(int pnum,int all)  /* Decoding/Uncompressing */
{
        int  i, j, k, r, c;
        unsigned long int  count;
        if (fread(&textsize, sizeof textsize, 1, infile) < 1)
                Error("Unable to read");  /* read size of original text */
        if (textsize == 0)
                return;
        StartHuff();
        for (i = 0; i < N - F; i++)
                text_buf[i] = ' ';
        r = N - F;
        for (count = 0; count < textsize; ) {
                c = DecodeChar();
                if (c < 256) {
                        putc(c, outfile);
                        text_buf[r++] = c;
                        r &= (N - 1);
                        count++;
                } else {
                        i = (r - DecodePosition() - 1) & (N - 1);
                        j = c - 255 + THRESHOLD;
                        for (k = 0; k < j; k++) {
                                c = text_buf[(i + k) & (N - 1)];
                                putc(c, outfile);
                                text_buf[r++] = c;
                                r &= (N - 1);
                                count++;
                        }
                }
                if (count > printcount) {
                        process(0,count*100L/textsize);
                        process(1,pnum+count*(long)all/textsize);
                        printcount += 1024;
                }
        }
        process(0,99);
        process(1,pnum+all);
}
//解码调用程序
int exact(char *s1,char *s2,int pnum,int all)
{
   char s[100];
   infile=fopen(s1,"rb");
   if(infile==NULL)
    {
     sprintf(s,"File %s not found",s1);
     OutWindow(s);
     return 1;
    }
   sprintf(s,"%s//%s",destpath,s2);
   outfile=fopen(s,"wb");
   Decode(pnum,all);
   fclose(infile);
   fclose(outfile);
   textsize=0;
   codesize=0;
   printcount = 0;
   getbuf = 0;
   getlen = 0;
   putbuf = 0;
   putlen = 0;
   return 0;
}
--

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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:00:35    [回复] 

 5楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: 最小生成树(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 00:30:24 2000), 转信
最小生成树是数据结构中图的一种重要应用,它的要求是从一个带权无向完全图
中选择n-1条边并使这个图仍然连通(也即得到了一棵生成树),同时还要考虑使树
的权最小。
  为了得到最小生成树,人们设计了很多算法,最著名的有prim算法和kruskal算
法。教材中介绍了prim算法,但是讲得不够详细,理解起来比较困难,为了帮助大家
更好的理解这一算法,本文对书中的内容作了进一步的细化,希望能对大家有所帮助

  假设V是图中顶点的集合,E是图中边的集合,TE为最小生成树中的边的集合,则
prim算法通过以下步骤可以得到最小生成树:
  1:初始化:U={u 0},TE={}。此步骤设立一个只有结点u 0的结点集U和一个空
的边集TE作为最小生成树的初始行态,在随后的算法执行中,这个行态会不断的发生
变化,直到得到最小生成树为止。
  2:在所有u∈U,v∈V-U的边(u,v)∈E中,找一条权最小的边(u 0,v 0),将此边
加进集合TE中,并将此边的非U中顶点加入U中。此步骤的功能是在边集E中找一条
边,要求这条边满足以下条件:首先边的两个顶点要分别在顶点集合U和V-U中,其次
边的权要最小。找到这条边以后,把这条边放到边集TE中,并把这条边上不在U中的
那个顶点加入到U中。这一步骤在算法中应执行多次,每执行一次,集合TE和U都将发
生变化,分别增加一条边和一个顶点,因此,TE和U是两个动态的集合,这一点在理解
算法时要密切注意。
  3:如果U=V,则算法结束;否则重复步骤2。可以把本步骤看成循环终止条件。我
们可以算出当U=V时,步骤2共执行了n-1次(设n为图中顶点的数目),TE中也增加了
n-1条边,这n-1条边就是需要求出的最小生成树的边。
  了解了prim算法的基本思想以后,下面我们就可以看看具体的算法。
  为了和教材保持一致,我们仍然规定:连通网用邻接矩阵net表示,若两个顶点之
间不存在边,其权值为计算机内允许最大值,否则为对应边上的权值。
   首先定义数据类型:
  type adjmatrix=array [1..n,1..n] of real;
  //定义一个n*n的矩阵类型adjmatrix,以便存储邻接矩阵//
  edge=record
     beg,en:1..n;
     length:real;
     end;
  //定义边的存储结构为edge,其中beg是边的起点, en 是边的终点,length是边
的权值//
   treetype=array [1..n-1] of edge;
  //定义一个基类型为edge的数组类型  treetype,其元素个数为n-1个//
  var net:adjmatrix;
  //定义一个adjmatrix类型的变量net,图的邻接矩阵就存放在net中//
  tree:treetype;
  //定义一个treetype类型的变量tree,tree中可以存放n-1条边的信息,包括
起点、终点及权值。在算法结束后,最小生成树的n-1 条边就存放在tree中//
  算法如下(设n为构造的出发点):
  procedure prim(net:adjmatrix;var tree:treetype);
  //过程首部.参数的含义是:值参数net传递图的邻接矩阵,变参tree指明最小生
成树的存放地址//
  begin
 for v:=1 to n-1 do
  //此循环将顶点n与图中其它n-1个顶点形成的n-1条边存放在变量tree中
//
  [tree[v].beg:=n;
  tree[v].en:=v;
  tree[v].length:=net[v]]
  for k:=1 to n-1 do
  //此循环执行算法思想中的步骤2,循环体每执行一次,TE中将增加一条边,在算
法中,这条增加的边存放在变量tree中的第k个元素上,可以这样认为,tree中从第1
到第k号元素中存放了TE和U的信息。注意:在算法思想中我们特别提醒了TE和U的动
态性,表现在算法中,这种动态性 体现在循环变量k的变化上。//
  [min:=tree[k].length;
  for j:=k to n-1 do
   if tree[j].length
     [min:=tree[j].length;
     m:=j;]
   //上面两条语句用于搜索权值最小的边//
  v:=tree[m].en;
  //此语句记录刚加入TE中的边的终点,也即即将加入U中的顶点//
  edge:=tree[m];
  tree[m]:=tree[k];
  tree[k]:=edge;
  //上面三句用于将刚找到的边存储到变量tree的第k号元素上//
  for j:=k+1 to n-1 do
  //此循环用于更新tree中第k+1到第n-1号元素。更新以后这些元素中的en子
项是各不相同的,它们的全部就是集合V-U;beg子项则可以相同,但它们需满足两个
条件:一是应属于集合U;另一是beg子项和en子项行成的边,在所有与顶点en联系的
边中权值应最小。//
  [d:=net[v.tree[j].en];
   if d
    then [tree[j].length:=d;
       tree[j].beg:=v;]
   ]
  ]
  for j:=1 to n-1 do
  //此循环用于输出最小生成树//
  writeln(tree[j].beg,tree[j].en,tree[j].length);
  end;
  此算法的精妙之处在于对求权值最小的边这一问题的分解(也正是由于这种分
解,而导致了算法理解上的困难)。按照常规的思路,这一问题应该这样解决:分别
从集合V-U和U中取一顶点,从邻接矩阵中找到这两个顶点行成的边的权值,设V-U
中有m个顶点,U中有n个顶点,则需要找到m*n个权值,在这m*n个权值中,再查找权
最小的边。循环每执行一次,这一过程都应重复一次,相对来说计算量比较大。而
本算法则利用了变量tree中第k+1到第n-1号元素来存放到上一循环为止的一些比
较结果,如以第k+1号元素为例,其存放的是集合U中某一顶点到顶点tree.en的边,
这条边是到该点的所有边中权值最小的边,所以,求权最小的边这一问题,通过比较
第k+1号到第n-1号元素的权的大小就可以解决,每次循环只用比较n-k-2次即可
,从而大大减小了计算量。
--
          .  / |                /
        ~-.`. /|            .-~_
           `./-./       .-~      /
             `-'/~~ -.~          /
           .-~/|`-._ /~~-.~ -- ~
          /  |  /    ~- . _/

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作者:lanjingquan
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:03:32    [回复] 

 6楼  


循环冗余校验 CRC的算法分析和程序实现
西南交通大学计算机与通信工程学院  刘东
摘要   通信的目的是要把信息及时可靠地传送给对方,因此要求一个通信系统传输消息必须可靠与快速,在数字通信系统中可靠与快速往往是一对矛盾。为了解决可靠性,通信系统都采用了差错控制。本文详细介绍了循环冗余校验CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check)的差错控制原理及其算法实现。

关键字  通信 循环冗余校验  CRC-32  CRC-16  CRC-4

概述
在数字通信系统中可靠与快速往往是一对矛盾。若要求快速,则必然使得每个数据码元所占地时间缩短、波形变窄、能量减少,从而在受到干扰后产生错误地可能性增加,传送信息地可靠性下降。若是要求可靠,则使得传送消息地速率变慢。因此,如何合理地解决可靠性也速度这一对矛盾,是正确设计一个通信系统地关键问题之一。为保证传输过程的正确性,需要对通信过程进行差错控制。差错控制最常用的方法是自动请求重发方式(ARQ)、向前纠错方式(FEC)和混合纠错(HEC)。在传输过程误码率比较低时,用FEC方式比较理想。在传输过程误码率较高时,采用FEC容易出现“乱纠”现象。HEC方式则式ARQ和FEC的结合。在许多数字通信中,广泛采用ARQ方式,此时的差错控制只需要检错功能。实现检错功能的差错控制方法很多,传统的有:奇偶校验、校验和检测、重复码校验、恒比码校验、行列冗余码校验等,这些方法都是增加数据的冗余量,将校验码和数据一起发送到接受端。接受端对接受到的数据进行相同校验,再将得到的校验码和接受到的校验码比较,如果二者一致则认为传输正确。但这些方法都有各自的缺点,误判的概率比较高。
循环冗余校验CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check)是由分组线性码的分支而来,其主要应用是二元码组。编码简单且误判概率很低,在通信系统中得到了广泛的应用。下面重点介绍了CRC校验的原理及其 算法实现。

一、循环冗余校验码(CRC)
CRC校验采用多项式编码方法。被处理的数据块可以看作是一个n阶的二进制多项式,由 。如一个8位二进制数10110101可以表示为: 。多项式乘除法运算过程与普通代数多项式的乘除法相同。多项式的加减法运算以2为模,加减时不进,错位,和逻辑异或运算一致。
采用CRC校验时,发送方和接收方用同一个生成多项式g(x),并且g(x)的首位和最后一位的系数必须为1。CRC的处理方法是:发送方以g(x)去除t(x),得到余数作为CRC校验码。校验时,以计算的校正结果是否为0为据,判断数据帧是否出错。
CRC校验可以100%地检测出所有奇数个随机错误和长度小于等于k(k为g(x)的阶数)的突发错误。所以CRC的生成多项式的阶数越高,那么误判的概率就越小。CCITT建议:2048 kbit/s的PCM基群设备采用CRC-4方案,使用的CRC校验码生成多项式g(x)= 。采用16位CRC校验,可以保证在  bit码元中只含有一位未被检测出的错误 。在IBM的同步数据链路控制规程SDLC的帧校验序列FCS中,使用CRC-16,其生成多项式g(x)= ;而在CCITT推荐的高级数据链路控制规程HDLC的帧校验序列FCS中,使用CCITT-16,其生成多项式g(x)= 。CRC-32的生成多项式g(x)= 。CRC-32出错的概率比CRC-16低 倍 。由于CRC-32的可靠性,把CRC-32用于重要数据传输十分合适,所以在通信、计算机等领域运用十分广泛。在一些UART通信控制芯片(如MC6582、Intel8273和Z80-SIO)内,都采用了CRC校验码进行差错控制;以太网卡芯片、MPEG解码芯片中,也采用CRC-32进行差错控制。
二、CRC校验码的算法分析
CRC校验码的编码方法是用待发送的二进制数据t(x)除以生成多项式g(x),将最后的余数作为CRC校验码。其实现步骤如下:
设待发送的数据块是m位的二进制多项式t(x),生成多项式为r阶的g(x)。在数据块的末尾添加r个0,数据块的长度增加到m+r位,对应的二进制多项式为 。
用生成多项式g(x)去除 ,求得余数为阶数为r-1的二进制多项式y(x)。此二进制多项式y(x)就是t(x)经过生成多项式g(x)编码的CRC校验码。
用 以模2的方式减去y(x),得到二进制多项式 。 就是包含了CRC校验码的待发送字符串。
从CRC的编码规则可以看出,CRC编码实际上是将代发送的m位二进制多项式t(x)转换成了可以被g(x)除尽的m+r位二进制多项式 ,所以解码时可以用接受到的数据去除g(x),如果余数位零,则表示传输过程没有错误;如果余数不为零,则在传输过程中肯定存在错误。许多CRC的硬件解码电路就是按这种方式进行检错的。同时 可以看做是由t(x)和CRC校验码的组合,所以解码时将接收到的二进制数据去掉尾部的r位数据,得到的就是原始数据。
为了更清楚的了解CRC校验码的编码过程,下面用一个简单的例子来说明CRC校验码的编码过程。由于CRC-32、CRC-16、CCITT和CRC-4的编码过程基本一致,只有位数和生成多项式不一样。为了叙述简单,用一个CRC-4编码的例子来说明CRC的编码过程。
设待发送的数据t(x)为12位的二进制数据100100011100;CRC-4的生成多项式为g(x)= ,阶数r为4,即10011。首先在t(x)的末尾添加4个0构成 ,数据块就成了1001000111000000。然后用g(x)去除 ,不用管商是多少,只需要求得余数y(x)。下表为给出了除法过程。
除数次数 被除数/ g(x)/结果     余数
0  1 001000111000000 100111000000
 1 0011
 0 000100111000000
1  1 00111000000   1000000
 1 0011 
 0 00001000000
2  1 000000 1100
 1 0011
 0 001100

从上面表中可以看出,CRC编码实际上是一个循环移位的模2运算。对CRC-4,我们假设有一个5 bits的寄存器,通过反复的移位和进行CRC的除法,那么最终该寄存器中的值去掉最高一位就是我们所要求的余数。所以可以将上述步骤用下面的流程描述:
//reg是一个5 bits的寄存器
把reg中的值置0.
把原始的数据后添加r个0.
While (数据未处理完)
Begin
If (reg首位是1)
reg = reg XOR 0011.
把reg中的值左移一位,读入一个新的数据并置于register的0 bit的位置。
End
reg的后四位就是我们所要求的余数。
这种算法简单,容易实现,对任意长度生成多项式的G(x)都适用。在发送的数据不长的情况下可以使用。但是如果发送的数据块很长的话,这种方法就不太适合了。它一次只能处理一位数据,效率太低。为了提高处理效率,可以一次处理4位、8位、16位、32位。由于处理器的结构基本上都支持8位数据的处理,所以一次处理8位比较合适。
为了对优化后的算法有一种直观的了解,先将上面的算法换个角度理解一下。在上面例子中,可以将编码过程看作如下过程:
由于最后只需要余数,所以我们只看后四位。构造一个四位的寄存器reg,初值为0,数据依次移入reg0(reg的0位),同时reg3的数据移出reg。有上面的算法可以知道,只有当移出的数据为1时,reg才和g(x)进行XOR运算;移出的数据为0时,reg不与g(x)进行XOR运算,相当与和0000进行XOR运算。就是说,reg和什么样的数据进行XOR移出的数据决定。由于只有一个bit,所以有 种选择。上述算法可以描述如下,
//reg是一个4 bits的寄存器
初始化t[]={0011,0000}
把reg中的值置0.
把原始的数据后添加r个0.
While (数据未处理完)
Begin
把reg中的值左移一位,读入一个新的数据并置于register的0 bit的位置。
reg = reg XOR t[移出的位]
End
上面算法是以bit为单位进行处理的,可以将上述算法扩展到8位,即以Byte为单位进行处理,即CRC-32。构造一个四个Byte的寄存器reg,初值为0x00000000,数据依次移入reg0(reg的0字节,以下类似),同时reg3的数据移出reg。用上面的算法类推可知,移出的数据字节决定reg和什么样的数据进行XOR。由于有8个bit,所以有 种选择。上述算法可以描述如下:
//reg是一个4 Byte的寄存器
初始化t[]={…}//共有 =256项
把reg中的值置0.
把原始的数据后添加r/8个0字节.
While (数据未处理完)
Begin
把reg中的值左移一个字节,读入一个新的字节并置于reg的第0个byte的位置。
reg = reg XOR t[移出的字节]
End
算法的依据和多项式除法性质有关。如果一个m位的多项式t(x)除以一个r阶的生成多项式g(x), ,将每一位 (0= 三、CRC-32的程序实现。
为了提高编码效率,在实际运用中大多采用查表法来完成CRC-32校验,下面是产生CRC-32校验吗的子程序。
unsigned long  crc_32_tab[256]={
0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f, 0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3,0x0edb8832,…, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
};//事先计算出的参数表,共有256项,未全部列出。

unsigned long GenerateCRC32(char xdata * DataBuf,unsigned long  len)
{
unsigned long oldcrc32;
unsigned long crc32;
unsigned long oldcrc;
unsigned  int charcnt;
        char c,t;
oldcrc32 = 0x00000000; //初值为0
    charcnt=0;
while (len--) {
                t= (oldcrc32 >> 24) & 0xFF;   //要移出的字节的值
oldcrc=crc_32_tab[t];         //根据移出的字节的值查表
                c=DataBuf[charcnt];          //新移进来的字节值
                oldcrc32= (oldcrc32 << 8) | c;   //将新移进来的字节值添在寄存器末字节中
                oldcrc32=oldcrc32^oldcrc;     //将寄存器与查出的值进行xor运算
                charcnt++;
}
        crc32=oldcrc32;
        return crc32;
}
参数表可以先在PC机上算出来,也可在程序初始化时完成。下面是用于计算参数表的c语言子程序,在Visual C++ 6.0下编译通过。
#include
unsigned long int crc32_table[256];
unsigned long int ulPolynomial = 0x04c11db7;
unsigned long int Reflect(unsigned long int ref, char ch)
{ unsigned long int value(0);
// 交换bit0和bit7,bit1和bit6,类推
for(int i = 1; i < (ch + 1); i++)
{ if(ref & 1)
value |= 1 << (ch - i);
     ref >>= 1; }
return value;
}
init_crc32_table()
{ unsigned long int crc,temp;
// 256个值
for(int i = 0; i <= 0xFF; i++)
{   temp=Reflect(i, 8);
crc32_table[i]= temp<< 24;
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){
     unsigned long int t1,t2;
unsigned long int flag=crc32_table[i]&0x80000000;
 t1=(crc32_table[i] << 1);
 if(flag==0)
   t2=0;
 else
   t2=ulPolynomial;
 crc32_table[i] =t1^t2 ; }
crc=crc32_table[i];
crc32_table[i] = Reflect(crc32_table[i], 32);
}
}
结束语
    CRC校验由于实现简单,检错能力强,被广泛使用在各种数据校验应用中。占用系统资源少,用软硬件均能实现,是进行数据传输差错检测地一种很好的手段。
参考文献
[1]  王新梅 肖国镇. 纠错码-原理与方法.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[2]  罗伟雄 韩力 原东昌 丁志杰 通信原理与电路. 北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999
[3]  王仲文  ARQ编码通信.北京:机械工业出版社,1991
[4]  Ross Williams, A PAINLESS GUIDE TO CRC ERROR DETECTION ALGORITHMS. Document url: http://www.repairfaq.org/filipg/ ,1993

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发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: lzari的源代码(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 00:36:12 2000), 转信
发信人: Cloudy (Endless Waltz), 信区: Programming
标  题: lzari的源代码
发信站: 逸仙时空 Yat-sen Channel (Wed Apr 19 18:00:01 2000), 站内信件
    一个对lzss编码过的数据作自适应的0阶arithmetic编码的程序。比
lzh的压缩率要高一点。
/**************************************************************
        LZARI.C -- A Data Compression Program
        (tab = 4 spaces)
***************************************************************
        4/7/1989 Haruhiko Okumura
        Use, distribute, and modify this program freely.
        Please send me your improved versions.
                PC-VAN          SCIENCE
                NIFTY-Serve     PAF01022
                CompuServe      74050,1022
**************************************************************/
#include
#include
#include
#include
/********** Bit I/O **********/
FILE  *infile, *outfile;
unsigned long int  textsize = 0, codesize = 0, printcount = 0;
void Error(char *message)
{
        printf("/n%s/n", message);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
void PutBit(int bit)  /* Output one bit (bit = 0,1) */
{
        static unsigned int  buffer = 0, mask = 128;
        if (bit) buffer |= mask;
        if ((mask >>= 1) == 0) {
                if (putc(buffer, outfile) == EOF) Error("Write Error");
                buffer = 0;  mask = 128;  codesize++;
        }
}
void FlushBitBuffer(void)  /* Send remaining bits */
{
        int  i;
        for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) PutBit(0);
}
int GetBit(void)  /* Get one bit (0 or 1) */
{
        static unsigned int  buffer, mask = 0;
        if ((mask >>= 1) == 0) {
                buffer = getc(infile);  mask = 128;
        }
        return ((buffer & mask) != 0);
}
/********** LZSS with multiple binary trees **********/
#define N                4096   /* size of ring buffer */
#define F                  60   /* upper limit for match_length */
#define THRESHOLD       2   /* encode string into position and length
                                                   if match_length is greate
r th
n this */
#define NIL                     N       /* index for root of binary search t
rees
*/
unsigned char  text_buf[N + F - 1];     /* ring buffer of size N,
                        with extra F-1 bytes to facilitate string comparison
*/
int             match_position, match_length,  /* of longest match.  These a
re
                        set by the InsertNode() procedure. */
                lson[N + 1], rson[N + 257], dad[N + 1];  /* left & right chi
ldre
&
                        parents -- These constitute binary search trees. */
void InitTree(void)  /* Initialize trees */
{
        int  i;
        /* For i = 0 to N - 1, rson[i] and lson[i] will be the right and
           left children of node i.  These nodes need not be initialized.
           Also, dad[i] is the parent of node i.  These are initialized to
           NIL (= N), which stands for 'not used.'
           For i = 0 to 255, rson[N + i + 1] is the root of the tree
           for strings that begin with character i.  These are initialized
           to NIL.  Note there are 256 trees. */
        for (i = N + 1; i <= N + 256; i++) rson[i] = NIL;       /* root */
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++) dad[i] = NIL;   /* node */
}
void InsertNode(int r)
        /* Inserts string of length F, text_buf[r..r+F-1], into one of the
           trees (text_buf[r]'th tree) and returns the longest-match positio
n
           and length via the global variables match_position and
match_length.
           If match_length = F, then removes the old node in favor of the ne
w
           one, because the old one will be deleted sooner.
           Note r plays double role, as tree node and position in buffer. */
{
        int  i, p, cmp, temp;
        unsigned char  *key;
        cmp = 1;  key = &text_buf[r];  p = N + 1 + key[0];
        rson[r] = lson[r] = NIL;  match_length = 0;
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (cmp >= 0) {
                        if (rson[p] != NIL) p = rson[p];
                        else {  rson[p] = r;  dad[r] = p;  return;  }
                } else {
                        if (lson[p] != NIL) p = lson[p];
                        else {  lson[p] = r;  dad[r] = p;  return;  }
                }
                for (i = 1; i < F; i++)
                        if ((cmp = key[i] - text_buf[p + i]) != 0)  break;
                if (i > THRESHOLD) {
                        if (i > match_length) {
                                match_position = (r - p) & (N - 1);
                                if ((match_length = i) >= F) break;
                        } else if (i == match_length) {
                                if ((temp = (r - p) & (N - 1)) < match_posit
ion)
                                        match_position = temp;
                        }
                }
        }
        dad[r] = dad[p];  lson[r] = lson[p];  rson[r] = rson[p];
        dad[lson[p]] = r;  dad[rson[p]] = r;
        if (rson[dad[p]] == p) rson[dad[p]] = r;
        else                   lson[dad[p]] = r;
        dad[p] = NIL;  /* remove p */
}
void DeleteNode(int p)  /* Delete node p from tree */
{
        int  q;
        if (dad[p] == NIL) return;  /* not in tree */
        if (rson[p] == NIL) q = lson[p];
        else if (lson[p] == NIL) q = rson[p];
        else {
                q = lson[p];
                if (rson[q] != NIL) {
                        do {  q = rson[q];  } while (rson[q] != NIL);
                        rson[dad[q]] = lson[q];  dad[lson[q]] = dad[q];
                        lson[q] = lson[p];  dad[lson[p]] = q;
                }
                rson[q] = rson[p];  dad[rson[p]] = q;
        }
        dad[q] = dad[p];
        if (rson[dad[p]] == p) rson[dad[p]] = q;
        else                   lson[dad[p]] = q;
        dad[p] = NIL;
}
/********** Arithmetic Compression **********/
/*  If you are not familiar with arithmetic compression, you should
read
                I. E. Witten, R. M. Neal, and J. G. Cleary,
                        Communications of the ACM, Vol. 30, pp. 520-540 (198
7),
        from which much have been borrowed.  */
#define M   15
/*      Q1 (= 2 to the M) must be sufficiently large, but not so
        large as the unsigned long 4 * Q1 * (Q1 - 1) overflows.  */
#define Q1  (1UL << M)
#define Q2  (2 * Q1)
#define Q3  (3 * Q1)
#define Q4  (4 * Q1)
#define MAX_CUM (Q1 - 1)
#define N_CHAR  (256 - THRESHOLD + F)
        /* character code = 0, 1, ..., N_CHAR - 1 */
unsigned long int  low = 0, high = Q4, value = 0;
int  shifts = 0;  /* counts for magnifying low and high around Q2 */
int  char_to_sym[N_CHAR], sym_to_char[N_CHAR + 1];
unsigned int
        sym_freq[N_CHAR + 1],  /* frequency for symbols */
        sym_cum[N_CHAR + 1],   /* cumulative freq for symbols */
        position_cum[N + 1];   /* cumulative freq for positions */
void StartModel(void)  /* Initialize model */
{
        int ch, sym, i;
        sym_cum[N_CHAR] = 0;
        for (sym = N_CHAR; sym >= 1; sym--) {
                ch = sym - 1;
                char_to_sym[ch] = sym;  sym_to_char[sym] = ch;
                sym_freq[sym] = 1;
                sym_cum[sym - 1] = sym_cum[sym] + sym_freq[sym];
        }
        sym_freq[0] = 0;  /* sentinel (!= sym_freq[1]) */
        position_cum[N] = 0;
        for (i = N; i >= 1; i--)
                position_cum[i - 1] = position_cum[i] + 10000 / (i + 200);
                        /* empirical distribution function (quite tentative)
*/
                        /* Please devise a better mechanism! */
}
void UpdateModel(int sym)
{
        int i, c, ch_i, ch_sym;
        if (sym_cum[0] >= MAX_CUM) {
                c = 0;
                for (i = N_CHAR; i > 0; i--) {
                        sym_cum[i] = c;
                        c += (sym_freq[i] = (sym_freq[i] + 1) >> 1);
                }
                sym_cum[0] = c;
        }
        for (i = sym; sym_freq[i] == sym_freq[i - 1]; i--) ;
        if (i < sym) {
                ch_i = sym_to_char[i];    ch_sym = sym_to_char[sym];
                sym_to_char[i] = ch_sym;  sym_to_char[sym] = ch_i;
                char_to_sym[ch_i] = sym;  char_to_sym[ch_sym] = i;
        }
        sym_freq[i]++;
        while (--i >= 0) sym_cum[i]++;
}
static void Output(int bit)  /* Output 1 bit, followed by its
complements */
{
        PutBit(bit);
        for ( ; shifts > 0; shifts--) PutBit(! bit);
}
void EncodeChar(int ch)
{
        int  sym;
        unsigned long int  range;
        sym = char_to_sym[ch];
        range = high - low;
        high = low + (range * sym_cum[sym - 1]) / sym_cum[0];
        low +=       (range * sym_cum[sym    ]) / sym_cum[0];
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (high <= Q2) Output(0);
                else if (low >= Q2) {
                        Output(1);  low -= Q2;  high -= Q2;
                } else if (low >= Q1 && high <= Q3) {
                        shifts++;  low -= Q1;  high -= Q1;
                } else break;
                low += low;  high += high;
        }
        UpdateModel(sym);
}
void EncodePosition(int position)
{
        unsigned long int  range;
        range = high - low;
        high = low + (range * position_cum[position    ]) / position_cum[0];
        low +=       (range * position_cum[position + 1]) / position_cum[0];
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (high <= Q2) Output(0);
                else if (low >= Q2) {
                        Output(1);  low -= Q2;  high -= Q2;
                } else if (low >= Q1 && high <= Q3) {
                        shifts++;  low -= Q1;  high -= Q1;
                } else break;
                low += low;  high += high;
        }
}
void EncodeEnd(void)
{
        shifts++;
        if (low < Q1) Output(0);  else Output(1);
        FlushBitBuffer();  /* flush bits remaining in buffer */
}
int BinarySearchSym(unsigned int x)
        /* 1      if x >= sym_cum[1],
           N_CHAR if sym_cum[N_CHAR] > x,
           i such that sym_cum[i - 1] > x >= sym_cum[i] otherwise */
{
        int i, j, k;
        i = 1;  j = N_CHAR;
        while (i < j) {
                k = (i + j) / 2;
                if (sym_cum[k] > x) i = k + 1;  else j = k;
        }
        return i;
}
int BinarySearchPos(unsigned int x)
        /* 0 if x >= position_cum[1],
           N - 1 if position_cum[N] > x,
           i such that position_cum[i] > x >= position_cum[i + 1] otherwise
*/
{
        int i, j, k;
        i = 1;  j = N;
        while (i < j) {
                k = (i + j) / 2;
                if (position_cum[k] > x) i = k + 1;  else j = k;
        }
        return i - 1;
}
void StartDecode(void)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < M + 2; i++)
                value = 2 * value + GetBit();
}
int DecodeChar(void)
{
        int      sym, ch;
        unsigned long int  range;
        range = high - low;
        sym = BinarySearchSym((unsigned int)
                (((value - low + 1) * sym_cum[0] - 1) / range));
        high = low + (range * sym_cum[sym - 1]) / sym_cum[0];
        low +=       (range * sym_cum[sym    ]) / sym_cum[0];
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (low >= Q2) {
                        value -= Q2;  low -= Q2;  high -= Q2;
                } else if (low >= Q1 && high <= Q3) {
                        value -= Q1;  low -= Q1;  high -= Q1;
                } else if (high > Q2) break;
                low += low;  high += high;
                value = 2 * value + GetBit();
        }
        ch = sym_to_char[sym];
        UpdateModel(sym);
        return ch;
}
int DecodePosition(void)
{
        int position;
        unsigned long int  range;
        range = high - low;
        position = BinarySearchPos((unsigned int)
                (((value - low + 1) * position_cum[0] - 1) / range));
        high = low + (range * position_cum[position    ]) / position_cum[0];
        low +=       (range * position_cum[position + 1]) / position_cum[0];
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (low >= Q2) {
                        value -= Q2;  low -= Q2;  high -= Q2;
                } else if (low >= Q1 && high <= Q3) {
                        value -= Q1;  low -= Q1;  high -= Q1;
                } else if (high > Q2) break;
                low += low;  high += high;
                value = 2 * value + GetBit();
        }
        return position;
}
/********** Encode and Decode **********/
void Encode(void)
{
        int  i, c, len, r, s, last_match_length;
        fseek(infile, 0L, SEEK_END);
        textsize = ftell(infile);
        if (fwrite(&textsize, sizeof textsize, 1, outfile) < 1)
                Error("Write Error");  /* output size of text */
        codesize += sizeof textsize;
        if (textsize == 0) return;
        rewind(infile);  textsize = 0;
        StartModel();  InitTree();
        s = 0;  r = N - F;
        for (i = s; i < r; i++) text_buf[i] = ' ';
        for (len = 0; len < F && (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; len++)
                text_buf[r + len] = c;
        textsize = len;
        for (i = 1; i <= F; i++) InsertNode(r - i);
        InsertNode(r);
        do {
                if (match_length > len) match_length = len;
                if (match_length <= THRESHOLD) {
                        match_length = 1;  EncodeChar(text_buf[r]);
                } else {
                        EncodeChar(255 - THRESHOLD + match_length);
                        EncodePosition(match_position - 1);
                }
                last_match_length = match_length;
                for (i = 0; i < last_match_length &&
                                (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; i++) {
                        DeleteNode(s);  text_buf[s] = c;
                        if (s < F - 1) text_buf[s + N] = c;
                        s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
                        r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
                        InsertNode(r);
                }
                if ((textsize += i) > printcount) {
                        printf("%12ld/r", textsize);  printcount += 1024;
                }
                while (i++ < last_match_length) {
                        DeleteNode(s);
                        s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
                        r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
                        if (--len) InsertNode(r);
                }
        } while (len > 0);
        EncodeEnd();
        printf("In : %lu bytes/n", textsize);
        printf("Out: %lu bytes/n", codesize);
        printf("Out/In: %.3f/n", (double)codesize / textsize);
}
void Decode(void)
{
        int  i, j, k, r, c;
        unsigned long int  count;
        if (fread(&textsize, sizeof textsize, 1, infile) < 1)
                Error("Read Error");  /* read size of text */
        if (textsize == 0) return;
        StartDecode();  StartModel();
        for (i = 0; i < N - F; i++) text_buf[i] = ' ';
        r = N - F;
        for (count = 0; count < textsize; ) {
                c = DecodeChar();
                if (c < 256) {
                        putc(c, outfile);  text_buf[r++] = c;
                        r &= (N - 1);  count++;
                } else {
                        i = (r - DecodePosition() - 1) & (N - 1);
                        j = c - 255 + THRESHOLD;
                        for (k = 0; k < j; k++) {
                                c = text_buf[(i + k) & (N - 1)];
                                putc(c, outfile);  text_buf[r++] = c;
                                r &= (N - 1);  count++;
                        }
                }
                if (count > printcount) {
                        printf("%12lu/r", count);  printcount += 1024;
                }
        }
        printf("%12lu/n", count);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        char  *s;
        if (argc != 4) {
                printf("'lzari e file1 file2' encodes file1 into file2./n"
                           "'lzari d file2 file1' decodes file2 into file1./
n");
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        if ((s = argv[1], s[1] || strpbrk(s, "DEde") == NULL)
         || (s = argv[2], (infile  = fopen(s, "rb")) == NULL)
         || (s = argv[3], (outfile = fopen(s, "wb")) == NULL)) {
                printf("??? %s/n", s);  return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        if (toupper(*argv[1]) == 'E') Encode();  else Decode();
        fclose(infile);  fclose(outfile);
        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
--
            .      .-~/
           / `-'/.'    `- :
           |    /          `._
           |   |   .-.        {
            /  |   `-'         `.

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作者:lanjingquan
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:07:35    [回复] 

 8楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: lzss的源代码(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 00:36:56 2000), 转信
发信人: Cloudy (Endless Waltz), 信区: Programming
标  题: lzss的源代码
发信站: 逸仙时空 Yat-sen Channel (Wed Apr 19 18:02:06 2000), 站内信件
    lzss的源代码。lzss是一种基于字典的压缩算法,压缩率不高,
但速度很快。
eely.
        Please send me your improved versions.
                PC-VAN          SCIENCE
                NIFTY-Serve     PAF01022
                CompuServe      74050,1022
**************************************************************/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define N                4096   /* size of ring buffer */
#define F                  18   /* upper limit for match_length */
#define THRESHOLD       2   /* encode string into position and length
                                                   if match_length is greate
r thhan this */
#define NIL                     N       /* index for root of binary search t
rees
*/
unsigned long int
                textsize = 0,   /* text size counter */
                codesize = 0,   /* code size counter */
                printcount = 0; /* counter for reporting progress every 1K b
ytes
*/
unsigned char
                text_buf[N + F - 1];    /* ring buffer of size N,
                        with extra F-1 bytes to facilitate string comparison
*/
int             match_position, match_length,  /* of longest match.  These a
re
                        set by the InsertNode() procedure. */
                lson[N + 1], rson[N + 257], dad[N + 1];  /* left & right chi
ldre
&
                        parents -- These constitute binary search trees. */
FILE    *infile, *outfile;  /* input & output files */
void InitTree(void)  /* initialize trees */
{
        int  i;
        /* For i = 0 to N - 1, rson[i] and lson[i] will be the right and
           left children of node i.  These nodes need not be initialized.
           Also, dad[i] is the parent of node i.  These are initialized to
           NIL (= N), which stands for 'not used.'
           For i = 0 to 255, rson[N + i + 1] is the root of the tree
           for strings that begin with character i.  These are initialized
           to NIL.  Note there are 256 trees. */
        for (i = N + 1; i <= N + 256; i++) rson[i] = NIL;
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++) dad[i] = NIL;
}
void InsertNode(int r)
        /* Inserts string of length F, text_buf[r..r+F-1], into one of the
           trees (text_buf[r]'th tree) and returns the longest-match positio
n
           and length via the global variables match_position and
match_length.
           If match_length = F, then removes the old node in favor of the ne
w
           one, because the old one will be deleted sooner.
           Note r plays double role, as tree node and position in buffer. */
{
        int  i, p, cmp;
        unsigned char  *key;
        cmp = 1;  key = &text_buf[r];  p = N + 1 + key[0];
        rson[r] = lson[r] = NIL;  match_length = 0;
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (cmp >= 0) {
                        if (rson[p] != NIL) p = rson[p];
                        else {  rson[p] = r;  dad[r] = p;  return;  }
                } else {
                        if (lson[p] != NIL) p = lson[p];
                        else {  lson[p] = r;  dad[r] = p;  return;  }
                }
                for (i = 1; i < F; i++)
                        if ((cmp = key[i] - text_buf[p + i]) != 0)  break;
                if (i > match_length) {
                        match_position = p;
                        if ((match_length = i) >= F)  break;
                }
        }
        dad[r] = dad[p];  lson[r] = lson[p];  rson[r] = rson[p];
        dad[lson[p]] = r;  dad[rson[p]] = r;
        if (rson[dad[p]] == p) rson[dad[p]] = r;
        else                   lson[dad[p]] = r;
        dad[p] = NIL;  /* remove p */
}
void DeleteNode(int p)  /* deletes node p from tree */
{
        int  q;
        if (dad[p] == NIL) return;  /* not in tree */
        if (rson[p] == NIL) q = lson[p];
        else if (lson[p] == NIL) q = rson[p];
        else {
                q = lson[p];
                if (rson[q] != NIL) {
                        do {  q = rson[q];  } while (rson[q] != NIL);
                        rson[dad[q]] = lson[q];  dad[lson[q]] = dad[q];
                        lson[q] = lson[p];  dad[lson[p]] = q;
                }
                rson[q] = rson[p];  dad[rson[p]] = q;
        }
        dad[q] = dad[p];
        if (rson[dad[p]] == p) rson[dad[p]] = q;  else lson[dad[p]] = q;
        dad[p] = NIL;
}
void Encode(void)
{
        int  i, c, len, r, s, last_match_length, code_buf_ptr;
        unsigned char  code_buf[17], mask;
        InitTree();  /* initialize trees */
        code_buf[0] = 0;  /* code_buf[1..16] saves eight units of code, and
                code_buf[0] works as eight flags, "1" representing that the
unit
                is an unencoded letter (1 byte), "0" a position-and-length p
air
                (2 bytes).  Thus, eight units require at most 16 bytes of co
de.
/
        code_buf_ptr = mask = 1;
        s = 0;  r = N - F;
        for (i = s; i < r; i++) text_buf[i] = ' ';  /* Clear the buffer with
                any character that will appear often. */
        for (len = 0; len < F && (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; len++)
                text_buf[r + len] = c;  /* Read F bytes into the last F byte
s of
                        the buffer */
        if ((textsize = len) == 0) return;  /* text of size zero */
        for (i = 1; i <= F; i++) InsertNode(r - i);  /* Insert the F strings
,
                each of which begins with one or more 'space' characters.  N
ote
                the order in which these strings are inserted.  This way,
                degenerate trees will be less likely to occur. */
        InsertNode(r);  /* Finally, insert the whole string just read.  The
                global variables match_length and match_position are set. */
        do {
                if (match_length > len) match_length = len;  /* match_length
                        may be spuriously long near the end of text. */
                if (match_length <= THRESHOLD) {
                        match_length = 1;  /* Not long enough match.  Send o
ne b
te. */
                        code_buf[0] |= mask;  /* 'send one byte' flag */
                        code_buf[code_buf_ptr++] = text_buf[r];  /* Send unc
oded
*/
                } else {
                        code_buf[code_buf_ptr++] = (unsigned char) match_pos
itio
;
                        code_buf[code_buf_ptr++] = (unsigned char)
                                (((match_position >> 4) & 0xf0)
                          | (match_length - (THRESHOLD + 1)));  /* Send posi
tion
and
                                        length pair. Note match_length > THR
ESHO
D. */
                }
                if ((mask <<= 1) == 0) {  /* Shift mask left one bit. */
                        for (i = 0; i < code_buf_ptr; i++)  /* Send at most
8 un
ts of */
                                putc(code_buf[i], outfile);     /* code toge
ther
*/
                        codesize += code_buf_ptr;
                        code_buf[0] = 0;  code_buf_ptr = mask = 1;
                }
                last_match_length = match_length;
                for (i = 0; i < last_match_length &&
                                (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; i++) {
                        DeleteNode(s);          /* Delete old strings and */
                        text_buf[s] = c;        /* read new bytes */
                        if (s < F - 1) text_buf[s + N] = c;  /* If the posit
ion
s
                                near the end of buffer, extend the buffer to
mak
                                string comparison easier. */
                        s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);  r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
                                /* Since this is a ring buffer, increment th
e po
ition
                                   modulo N. */
                        InsertNode(r);  /* Register the string in text_buf[r
..r+
-1] */
                }
                if ((textsize += i) > printcount) {
                        printf("%12ld/r", textsize);  printcount += 1024;
                                /* Reports progress each time the textsize e
xcee
s
                                   multiples of 1024. */
                }
                while (i++ < last_match_length) {       /* After the end of
text
*/
                        DeleteNode(s);                                  /* n
o ne
d to read, but */
                        s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);  r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
                        if (--len) InsertNode(r);               /* buffer ma
y no
be empty. */
                }
        } while (len > 0);      /* until length of string to be processed is
zer
*/
        if (code_buf_ptr > 1) {         /* Send remaining code. */
                for (i = 0; i < code_buf_ptr; i++) putc(code_buf[i], outfile
);
                codesize += code_buf_ptr;
        }
        printf("In : %ld bytes/n", textsize);   /* Encoding is done. */
        printf("Out: %ld bytes/n", codesize);
        printf("Out/In: %.3f/n", (double)codesize / textsize);
}
void Decode(void)       /* Just the reverse of Encode(). */
{
        int  i, j, k, r, c;
        unsigned int  flags;
        for (i = 0; i < N - F; i++) text_buf[i] = ' ';
        r = N - F;  flags = 0;
        for ( ; ; ) {
                if (((flags >>= 1) & 256) == 0) {
                        if ((c = getc(infile)) == EOF) break;
                        flags = c | 0xff00;             /* uses higher byte
clev
rly */
                }                                                       /* t
o co
nt eight */
                if (flags & 1) {
                        if ((c = getc(infile)) == EOF) break;
                        putc(c, outfile);  text_buf[r++] = c;  r &= (N - 1);
                } else {
                        if ((i = getc(infile)) == EOF) break;
                        if ((j = getc(infile)) == EOF) break;
                        i |= ((j & 0xf0) << 4);  j = (j & 0x0f) + THRESHOLD;
                        for (k = 0; k <= j; k++) {
                                c = text_buf[(i + k) & (N - 1)];
                                putc(c, outfile);  text_buf[r++] = c;  r &=
(N -
1);
                        }
                }
        }
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        char  *s;
        if (argc != 4) {
                printf("'lzss e file1 file2' encodes file1 into file2./n"
                           "'lzss d file2 file1' decodes file2 into file1./n
");
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        if ((s = argv[1], s[1] || strpbrk(s, "DEde") == NULL)
         || (s = argv[2], (infile  = fopen(s, "rb")) == NULL)
         || (s = argv[3], (outfile = fopen(s, "wb")) == NULL)) {
                printf("??? %s/n", s);  return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        if (toupper(*argv[1]) == 'E') Encode();  else Decode();
        fclose(infile);  fclose(outfile);
        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
--

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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:11:59    [回复] 

 9楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: RC5算法(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 00:33:08 2000), 转信
标  题: RC5算法
发信站: 逸仙时空 Yat-sen Channel (Sat Apr 22 00:11:30 2000), 站内信件
    我最常用的分组算法之一,使用最大长度为256字节的变长密码。
RC5接受两个参数r:循环的次数,b:以word计算密码长度。
初始化子密钥数组S[2*r+2]:
定义P=0xb7e15163,Q=0x9e3779b9
S[0]=p,S[i]=(S[i+1]+Q) mod power(2,w);
i=j=0;A=B=0;
循环3*max(2*r+2,b)次以下步骤:
  A=S[i]=rol((S[i]+A+B),3)
  B=K[j]=rol((K[j]+A+B),(A+B));
  i=(i+1) mod 2*r+2
  j=(j+1) mod b
加密算法:
  对长度为2words的明文M[2]作以下变换,得到密文C[2]
  C[0]=M[0]+S[0];C[1]=M[1]+S[1];
  For i=1 to r
    C[0]=rol((C[0] xor C[1]),C[1])+S[2*i]
    C[1]=rol((C[1] XOR C[0]),M[0])+S[2*i+1]
解密算法:
  对长度为2words的密文C[2]作以下变换,得到明文M[2]
  For i=r downto 1
    C[1]=ror((C[1]-S[2*i+1],C[0]) xor C[0]
    C[0]=ror((C[0]-S[2*i],C[1]) xor C[1]
  EndFor
  M[1]=C[1]-S[1]
  M[0]=C[0]-S[0]
--

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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:13:47    [回复] 

 10楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: Win95 PWL文件password加密算法(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 00:31:51 2000), 转信
           Win95 PWL文件password加密算法
最近研究了一下Win95/WFWG3.11之PWL文件,因为前面曾有一个glide.c程序能解出PWL文件的一些资源,但却无法给出Password. 用SoftICE跟了几回,发现涉及password的代码均在MSPWL32.DLL中,以下的程序为将其汇编码翻译成C所成。
  尽管加密算法研究出来了,但破解方法却不大好弄(我觉得一个好的加密算法应该 是没有比穷举法更优的解密方法的,若哪位大虾有好的破解方法,不妨POST上来共同 讨论) 但此password得到方法好象只有技术意义,毕竟解出来泥并不能得到root权限, 而只是别人的Preference Settings! :-(  关于PWL文件的一些说明:14个字符长的密码(均转为大写),用它生成一个32位的 密钥,由以下算法求得一个XOR串,接下来用此XOR串 XOR 20 bytes长的UserName(也 转为大写), 结果存于PWL文件offset 0x208-0x21B, 0x21C开始为一系列指
向鬃试串的 指针(当然已XOR过了)。资源串中保存的主要是该USER的一些Shared Directory的口令, 资源串也分别与XOR串 XOR, PWL文件.
  // ================= CRYPT.CPP  1997.8.16 ================
#include
#include
#include
/* The WFWG3.11/Win95's PWL file crypt algorithm demonstration:
     codes extracted from /Win95/System/MSPWL32.DLL
   You may use SoftICE to trace it or W32DASM to disassemble it,
     the offset address of each routine is listed below(You may
   find the corresponding codes in W32DASM's ALF file according to the
   offset value)  */
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
inline void SwapByte(BYTE& c1,BYTE& c2)
{
     BYTE temp;
     temp = c1;
     c1 = c2;
     c2 = temp;
}
// generate a 32 bit key according to the password(capital)
// translate from MSPWL32.DLL's codes beginning at 7FCB1972h
unsigned long GenerateKey(char *pw)
{
     int i, len;
     unsigned long sum = 0;
     len = strlen(pw);
     for(i = 0; i <= len; i++)
     {
         sum += toupper(pw[i]);
         sum = (sum << 0x7) | (sum >> 0x19);
         // same as rol sum,7
     }
     return sum;
}
// translate from MSPWL32.DLL's codes beginning at 7FCB1000h
void GenerateStream(BYTE *stream,unsigned long key)
{
    BYTE keychar[4];
    int i,j,shift=0;
    BYTE index=0;
    *((unsigned long*)keychar) = key;
    for(i = 0; i < 256; i++)
        stream[i] = (BYTE)i;
    for(i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        index += keychar[shift] + stream[i];
        SwapByte(stream[i],stream[index]);
        shift = (shift+1) % 4;
    }
}
// translate from MSPWL32.DLL's codes beginning at 7FCB1088h
void GenerateXorString(BYTE *src,BYTE *dest)
{
     BYTE j=0,index;
     int i;
     for(i = 1; i <= 255; i++)
     {
         j += src[i];
         SwapByte(src[i],src[j]);
         index = src[i] + src[j];
         dest[i-1] = src[index];
     }
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    unsigned long key;
    BYTE table[256];
    BYTE xorstr[256];
    int i,len;
    if (argc < 3)
    {
        printf("Usage:   Crypt username password/n");
        printf("Author:  Raner,DCS,Tsinghua Univ/n");
        printf("Comment: This program is used to demonstrate the Win95
PWL file crypt/n");
        printf("         method. You may compare the crypted username
string with the/n");
        printf("         string beginning at offset 0x208 of PWL file.
/n");
        return 1;
    }
    key = GenerateKey(argv[2]);
    printf("/n32 Bits Key:/n  0x%08lX/n",key);
    GenerateStream(table,key);
    GenerateXorString(table,xorstr);
    printf("/nXor String:");
    for(i = 0; i < 54; i++)
    {
          if ( i % 16 == 0) printf("/n  ");
          printf("%02X,",xorstr[i]);
    }
    printf("....../n");
    len = strlen(argv[1]);
    for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
       xorstr[i] ^= (BYTE)toupper(argv[1][i]);
    printf("/nCrypted UserName:/n  ");
    for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)
       printf("%02X%c",xorstr[i], i == 19 ? '/n' : ',');
    /* You may debug username.pwl & d 308 to verify its correctness.
       Crypted username(20 bytes) is saved at offset 0x208 of *.pwl */
    return 0;
}
--
          .  / |                /
        ~-.`. /|            .-~_
           `./-./       .-~      /
             `-'/~~ -.~          /
           .-~/|`-._ /~~-.~ -- ~
          /  |  /    ~- . _/

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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:15:35    [回复] 

 11楼  

  

文章出处:白云黄鹤★


发信人: fyd (丁丁), 信区: Encrypt
标  题: WPS文件的解密与加密
发信站: 武汉白云黄鹤站 (Mon Dec  8 14:11:23 1997) , 站内信件

标题:WPS文件的解密与加密
期版:月刊第3期  PC 应用
作者:程学浦
    5.0版以上的金山DOS软件, 在WPS的菜单中安排了"设置密码"的
选项,  使用户可以通过简单的操作给需要保密的文件加密。但是,
这一功能有时侯也会给我们带来一些麻烦。例如, 在遗忘密码的时侯
, 或者是由于误操作,  输入了自己无法确认的密码等等,都会造成难
以直接读取自己的文件。本文介绍的有关知识和方法, 将可以帮您解
决这一问题, 并告诉您怎样更有效地给自己的WPS文件加密。

    一、WPS文件的结构和加密过程
    WPS用户文件的前1024个字节(偏移地址为0000H-03FFH处)是存放
文件的各种设置、存盘前的各种状态等信息的,其中 02DDH-02E4H的
8个字节用于存放密码,文件的正文存放在0400H以后的单元中。
    对文件的加密过程如下: 用户选择 "设置密码" 的功能后, WPS
允许用户输入1~8个字符为密码; 对于用户键入的每一个字符的ASCI
I码, WPS首先将其高 4位与低 4位交换位置,
再对其按位取反, 然后依次存入从 02DDH开始的单元中。例如, 当


用户键入的第 1个字符为"A" 时, "A" 的ASCII码为41H, WPS 先将其
换位为 14H( 对应的二进制代码为00010100); 再按位取反后为: EBH
(对应的二进制代码为: 11101011); 然后将 EBH存入02DDH单元中。
每次文件存盘的时候, WPS都要事先检查02DDH- 02E4H 单元的内容,
如果不全为0, 则表明用户给文件设置了密码, WPS将用这8 个单元的
内容对文件的正文进行加密操作。方法是:从0400H单元开始, 每8个
字节为一组, 依次与密码区的 8 个字节进行异或操作, 直至文件结
束; 然后再执行存盘。如果WPS检查02DDH-02E4H单元的内容全为 0时
, 则不做异或操作, 将文件直接存盘。

    二、解密的方法
    知道了以上的原理, 就很容易解决遗忘密码等类问题了。
    首先, 用DEBUG将需要解密的文件调入内存。当文件名为:Filena
me.wps时, 键入以下的命令行即可:
    DEBUG  Filename.wps ↓
    其中给出存放DEBUG.COM文件的位置(通常是存放在DOS子目录中
的); 给出存放 Filename.wps 文件的位置。如果(或)是当前路径,
可在命令行中将该项省略。
    上述指令执行后, 屏幕上将出现闪动的"-" 符号,  这是 DEBUG
的提示符。 由于DEBUG调入内存的文件是从偏移地址0100H处开始存
放的, 所以此时密码区的偏移地址为03DDH-03E4H。我们可以用"D"指
令查看其密码的内容; 在"-"提示符下键入:


    -D 3DD↓
    假如屏幕上显示的内容如下:
    55AA:03D0EB DB CB...
    55AA:03E000 00 00 00 00 00 E0 01-D0 01 C0 01 B0 01 A0 01
..........
    ......
    ……
    我们可以看到该文件中共有三个密码字符, 其16进制代码为: "E
B、DB、CB"。把每个字节的高4位与低4位交换位置后得到"BE、BD、B
C"; 再算出用FFH 分别减去这三个数字的差(等于按位取反的操作),
可得到"41、42、43", 查ASCII码表可知,  它们分别是"A、B、C"三
个字符的ASCII码。
    用"Q"指令可退出DEBUG。启动 WPS 软件, 调用Filename.wps文
件, 当 WPS 要求输入密码时, 键入"ABC"即可进入该文件了。

    三、加密的方法
    由上文可知, WPS软件所提供的加密方法, 是很容易被别人破译
的。 为了能更有效地保护自己需要加密的文件, 可以采用下面介绍
的方法。
    首先选择好几个自己最熟悉, 而别人又难以得知的字符作为密码
( 例如自己的挚友或亲属姓名的拼音字头等)。
    对于需要加密的文件, 先用WPS提供的方法加密; 存盘后, 再用D


用"D"指令查看变换后的密码内容, 将其记录下来; 然后用"E"  指
令把输入的密码全都改写为00H; 用"W"指令存盘; 最后, 用"Q"指令
退出即可。例如,  当输入的密码为三个字符时, 可在"-"提示符下,
依次键入以下的命令行:
    -E 3DD 00 00 00 ↓
    -W↓
    -Q↓
    经过以上处理的文件, 如果有外人调用时, WPS不询问密码,但显
示出来的该文件内容将是一堆难以辨认的杂乱符号 (因为WPS 已对正
文部分进行过异或操作 ) 。 企图用DEBUG窥视密码的人, 也只能看
到00H而无法破译。当自己需要调用该文件时, 可以首先用DEBUG的"E
"指令按照原来记录的内容将密码复原; 然后再启动 WPS, 回答密码,
调出原文。
    (作者地址:北京朝外白家庄西里机械工程学院,100020;收稿日期
:1995.12)

--

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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:17:23    [回复] 

 12楼  

发信人: LaoHong (批处理中), 信区: Program
标  题: 操作系统调度
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Sep  9 18:44:23 2001), 转信
//操作系统调度
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define ed NULL
void diaodu(void);
void shifang(int);
typedef struct node_type{//内存链
int start,len,fenp;
struct node_type *next;
}link;
typedef struct dl_type{//队列
int ip,len;
}dls;
dls dl[20];//定义20个元素的队列
int dlz=0;
link *h,*p,*q;
link *h,*p,*q;
int size,num;//定义内存总大小和进程数目
ofstream Output("output2.txt");
int main()
{
char* ch=" ";
int count;// 定义循环变量
int zj=0;
ifstream Input("read2.txt");
Input>>size>>num;
cout< {
Input>>dl[dlz].ip>>dl[dlz].len;
cout< {
Input>>zj;
cout< exit(1);
}
}
cin>>count;
}
void diaodu()
{ int i,l,ff=0;
for(i=0;i {
{
p=h;
do
{
if(p->len>=dl[i].len&&p->fenp==0)
{
q=(link*)malloc(sizeof(link));
q->next=p->next;
q->start=p->start+dl[i].len;
q->len=p->len-dl[i].len;
q->fenp=0;
p->fenp=dl[i].ip;
p->len=dl[i].len;
p->next=q;
cout<<" " <<"

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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:19:15    [回复] 

 13楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: 傅立叶变换的源程序(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 00:38:57 2000), 转信
发信人: bury (颓废的埋葬), 信区: Programming
标  题: 傅立叶变换的源程序
发信站: 逸仙时空 Yat-sen Channel (Wed Apr 19 13:30:18 2000), 站内信件
发信人: pinacle (Elton), 信区: Programming
标  题: Re: 谁有傅立叶变换的原程序!急需!!!!
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Thu Jul 22 10:10:28 1999)
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
void initial(int num_data, float* real, float* inm);
void enter_data(int num_data, float* data);
void wave_sin(int num_data, float* data);
void wave_cos(int num_data, float* data);
void decay(int num_data, float* data);
void random(int num_data, float* data);
void table(int num_data, char flag,
     float* tablesin, float* tablecos);
void DFT(int num_data, char flag, float* real, float* img,
   float* tablesin, float* tablecos);
float period;
void main()
{
int num_data;
int i;
char flag;
float *real, *img;
float *tablecos, *tablesin;
printf("PLEASE INPUT SAMPLE PERIOD(Second):");
scanf("%f", &period);
printf("PLEASE INPUT SAMPLE POINT NUMBER:");
scanf("%d", &num_data);
fflush(stdin);
printf("DFT OR IDFT (D/I):");
flag=getchar();
if(flag=='d') flag='D';
if(flag=='i') flag='I';
printf("/n");
real=(float*)malloc(sizeof(float)* num_data);
img=(float*)malloc(sizeof(float)* num_data);
tablesin=(float*)malloc(sizeof(float)* num_data);
tablecos=(float*)malloc(sizeof(float)* num_data);
initial(num_data, real, img);
table(num_data, flag, tablesin, tablecos);
DFT(num_data, flag, real, img, tablesin, tablecos);
for(i=0; i
  printf("%8d real=%12.6f img=%12.6f/n",
    i, real[i], img[i]);
free(real);
free(img);
free(tablesin);
free(tablecos);
}
void initial(int num_data, float* real, float* img)
{
int n;
for(n=0; n
{
  real[n]=0;
  img[n]=0;
}
printf("INITIAL REAL DATA/n");
enter_data(num_data, real);
printf("/nINITIAL IMG DATA/n");
enter_data(num_data, img);
}
void enter_data(int num_data, float* data)
{
int selection;
printf("FUNCTION SELECTION/n");
printf("1-----AMPLITUDE*SIN(2*3.1415926
  *FREQUENCY*PERIOD*T)/n");
printf("2-----AMPLITUDE*COS(2*3.1415926
  *FREQUENCY*PERIOD*T)/n");
printf("3-----AMPLITUDE*EXP(-PERIOD)/n");
printf("4-----DATA=0/n");
printf("5-----ENTER DATA/n");
printf("ENTER SELECTION---");
scanf("%d", &selection);
switch(selection)
{
case 1:wave_sin(num_data, data);break;
case 2:wave_cos(num_data, data);break;
case 3:decay(num_data, data);break;
case 4:break;
case 5:random(num_data, data);break;
}
}
void wave_sin(int num_data, float* data)
{
float amplitude, frequency, c;
int n;
printf("PLEASE INPUT AMPLITUDE OF WAVE:/n");
scanf("%f", &litude);
printf("PLEASE INPUT FREQUENCY OF WAVE(Hz):/n");
scanf("%f", &frequency);
for(n=0; n
{
  c=2*3.1415926*frequency*period*n;
  data[n]=(float)(amplitude*sin(c));
}
}
void wave_cos(int num_data, float* data)
{
float amplitude, frequency, c;
int n;
printf("PLEASE INPUT AMPLITUDE OF WAVE:/n");
scanf("%f", &litude);
printf("PLEASE INPUT FREQUENCY OF WAVE(Hz):/n");
scanf("%f", &frequency);
for(n=0; n
{
  c=2*3.1415926*frequency*period*n;
  data[n]=(float)(amplitude*cos(c));
}
}
void decay(int num_data, float* data)
{
float amplitude, c;
int n;
printf("PLEASE INPUT AMPLITUDE OF WAVE/n");
scanf("%f", &litude);
for(n=0; n
{
  c=-period*n;
  data[n]=(float)(amplitude*exp(c));
}
}
void random(int num_data, float* data)
{
int n;
for(n=0; n
{
  printf("PLEASE INPUT DATA[%d]:", n);
  scanf("%f", &data[n]);
}
}
void table(int num_data, char flag,
     float* tablesin, float* tablecos)
{
float w, c;
int n;
w=(float)(8*atan(1)/num_data);
if(flag=='D') w=-w;
for(n=0; n
{
  c=w*n;
  tablecos[n]=(float)cos(c);
  tablesin[n]=(float)sin(c);
}
}
void DFT(int num_data, char flag, float* img,
   float* tablesin, float* tablecos)
{
int i, j, L;
float *result_r, *result_i;
result_r=(float*)malloc(sizeof(float)*num_data);
result_i=(float*)malloc(sizeof(float)*num_data);
for(i=0; i
{
  result_r[i]=0;
  result_i[i]=0;
  for(j=0; j
  {
   L=i*j%num_data;
   result_r[i]=result_r[i]+real[j]*tablecos[L]
    +img[j]*tablesin[L];
   result_i[i]=result_i[i]+img[j]*tablecos[L]
    -real[j]*tablesin[L];
  }
}
if(flag=='D')
{
  for(i=0; i
  {
   real[i]=result_r[i];
   img[i]=result_i[i];
  }
}
else if(flag=='I')
{
  for(i=0; i
  {
   real[i]=result_r[i]/num_data;
   img[i]=result_i[i]/num_data;
  }
}
free(result_r);
free(result_i);
}
--

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俱怀逸兴壮思飞
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:21:01    [回复] 

 14楼  

发信人: windring (DLL), 信区: Programming
标  题: Re: 求教五子棋算法,如何算多步棋!
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Fri Dec 14 09:34:13 2001)
下面是黑白棋的设计思想,五子棋要复杂很多,不过类似的思考容易得到

设计思路:
   从棋盘的当前状态构造博奕树,到达终局状态计算状态分,并回归到当前状态,以求
出最
有利的一步(部分回溯值最大的一个子结点)。
术语:
     棋手   计算机方
  对手   计算机的对手
要点:
    一.终局状态
    1.棋局已结束
    2.当前颜色已无处可下子
    3.博奕树的深度已到指定的深度
    二.博奕树的构造方法
    采用深度优先的方法节省构造过程中的内存使用,构造过程使用堆栈空间存储子节点

    已完成构造的分枝可抛弃,以达到节省内存(使用递归程序)。
      算法简单描述如下:
       如果当前棋局为终局状态,则返回状态分
    从当前棋局的状态出发,找出一个可走的步数,试走此部,新状态扩展为当前棋局的
    一个子结点
    此子结点做为新的当前状态递归调用  (此过程中可加入α-β裁减)
        思考:如果采用循环代替递归,保存所有已构造的节点,在下一次构造博奕树
时本次构造
        的节点可能重复利用,节省构造时间。
    三.构造过程的α-β裁减
    1.α裁减
       在考虑轮到棋手下棋的一个亲节点及轮到对手下棋的一个子节点时,
    如果该子节点的数值已经小于或等于其亲节点的回溯值,
    那么就不需要对该节点或者其后续节点做更多的处理了。
    计算的过程可以直接返回到亲节点上。
    2.β裁减
       在考虑轮到对手下棋的一个亲节点及轮到棋手下棋的一个子节点时,
    如果该子节点的部分回溯值已经大于或等于其亲节点的部分回溯值,
    那么就不需要对该子节点或者其后裔节点做更多的处理了。
    计算过程可以直接返回到亲节点上。
    四.棋局的状态估值函数
    此函数量化的方法描述棋局某一状态下某一方棋子的形式,对棋局形式的正确分析直
接关系到
    计算机棋力的高低
    考虑黑白棋的规则,棋局结速束时,棋盘上哪一方的棋子多哪一方则获胜,简单的状态
估值方法是
    对某一状态下棋子的个数做为状态分,但棋盘上很多棋子都可能被对方吃掉,所以比
较好的方法是
    计算棋盘上所有不可能被对方吃掉的棋子做为状态分.
    棋盘上任一个棋子是否能被对方吃掉由它四个方向其它棋格的状态决定,
    四个方向为:
     左上到右下的斜线(BD_AX)
     右上到左下的斜线(FD_AX)
     水平方向(H_AX)
     垂直方向(V_AX)
       一个棋子如果在这四个方向上都受保护,我们则认为此棋子不可能被对方吃掉,
    一个棋子是否在某一个方向上受保护,可由下面的方法判断:
          当出现下面的两种情况之一时,我们可以认为此棋子在此方向上受保护
          1.此方向上与此棋子相联的已方棋子已到达边界
    2.此方向上与此棋子相联的已方棋子两边没有空格子(对方棋子,或边界)
   由此知,棋盘空时,四个角上的棋子一定是不可被吃的棋子
         状态分的计分方法:
      1.不可被吃掉的棋子计四分
   2.三个方向受保护的棋子计三分
   3.两个方向上受保护的棋子计两分
   4.一个方向上受保护的棋子计一分
         另由于角的重要性下面的情况出现时被视为危险状态,将会被减分
          角边上有已方棋子,但在到达角的方向上没有受到保护,则减分
数据结构:
每一个棋格用一个字节记,低两位记录棋子颜色,高四位记录此子在四个方向上是否受保
护的情况
如果一个棋格为空,则对应字节为0x0,为避免边界检查,在棋盘四周加一边框,边框对应
值为0xFF
...
.................
【 在 tianyake (一半郁闷,一半快乐) 的大作中提到: 】
: 想至少望后推五步,可是反馈时间要求小于二十秒,怎样才能做到迅速抛弃
: 一些可能,从而达到这一效果
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作者:lanjingquan
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:25:38    [回复] 

 15楼  

发信人: raphaelzl (小飞熊~笨笨), 信区: Programming
标  题: Re: 那里可以搞到C语言的CRC算法
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Apr 17 10:42:25 2001)
#include
#include
#define IN_FILE ".//crc.in"
#define MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE 8192
#define MIN_IN_FILE_SIZE 1024
WORD CRC(unsigned char *info, DWORD len)
{
  WORD acc;
  unsigned char i;
  acc=0;
  while (len--) {
    acc=acc^(((unsigned int)(*info))<<8);
    info++;
    for (i=8;i>0;i--)
      if (acc&0x8000) acc=(acc<<1)^0x1021;
      else acc<<=1;
  }
  return acc;
}
void main()
{
HANDLE hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
char ch_in[MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE];
DWORD dwRW;
WORD  result;
hFile = CreateFile(IN_FILE, GENERIC_READ, 0,
   NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if(hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){
  printf("LastError : %d/n", GetLastError());
  exit(1);
}
if(GetFileSize(hFile, NULL) > MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE ||
  GetFileSize(hFile, NULL) < MIN_IN_FILE_SIZE){
  printf("FileSize > %d or FileSize < %d",
   MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE, MIN_IN_FILE_SIZE);
  CloseHandle(hFile);
  exit(1);
}
ReadFile(hFile, ch_in, MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE, &dwRW, NULL);
CloseHandle(hFile);
result = CRC(ch_in, dwRW);
printf("The CRC code is : %x/n", result);
}
CRC32的一种
【 在 lightlk (天下最懒) 的大作中提到: 】
: rt
--
  ☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★
       真的好想拍拍小翅膀,
           就飞上那晴朗的天空。
  ☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★

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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:27:29    [回复] 

 16楼  

发信人: raphaelzl (小飞熊~笨笨), 信区: Programming
标  题: Re: 那里可以搞到C语言的CRC算法
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue Apr 17 10:42:25 2001)
#include
#include
#define IN_FILE ".//crc.in"
#define MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE 8192
#define MIN_IN_FILE_SIZE 1024
WORD CRC(unsigned char *info, DWORD len)
{
  WORD acc;
  unsigned char i;
  acc=0;
  while (len--) {
    acc=acc^(((unsigned int)(*info))<<8);
    info++;
    for (i=8;i>0;i--)
      if (acc&0x8000) acc=(acc<<1)^0x1021;
      else acc<<=1;
  }
  return acc;
}
void main()
{
HANDLE hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
char ch_in[MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE];
DWORD dwRW;
WORD  result;
hFile = CreateFile(IN_FILE, GENERIC_READ, 0,
   NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if(hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){
  printf("LastError : %d/n", GetLastError());
  exit(1);
}
if(GetFileSize(hFile, NULL) > MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE ||
  GetFileSize(hFile, NULL) < MIN_IN_FILE_SIZE){
  printf("FileSize > %d or FileSize < %d",
   MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE, MIN_IN_FILE_SIZE);
  CloseHandle(hFile);
  exit(1);
}
ReadFile(hFile, ch_in, MAX_IN_FILE_SIZE, &dwRW, NULL);
CloseHandle(hFile);
result = CRC(ch_in, dwRW);
printf("The CRC code is : %x/n", result);
}
CRC32的一种
【 在 lightlk (天下最懒) 的大作中提到: 】
: rt
--
  ☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★
       真的好想拍拍小翅膀,
           就飞上那晴朗的天空。
  ☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★

签名档
俱怀逸兴壮思飞
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:28:16    [回复] 

 17楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: 破解WINDOWS屏幕保护密码(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sat Oct 21 23:59:25 2000), 转信
发信人: woodmen (绝不虐待英语), 信区: Programming
标  题: 破解WINDOWS屏幕保护密码
发信站: 逸仙时空 Yat-sen Channel (Fri Oct 20 20:10:04 2000), 站内信件
[以下内容转自北大]
  一日,忽然发现用自己输入的密码不能上网,知道自己的健忘症又犯了,于是
便坐下来苦苦回忆线索……只记得当初为方便记忆,上网与屏幕保护程序使用的是
同一密码。于是找出大叠资料,意欲破解屏幕保护密码!
  大家都知道,屏幕保护密码最多为16个字符。微软内置了16字节的密钥:48
EE 76 1D 67 69 A1 1B 7A 8C 47 F8 54 95 97 5F。Windows便用上述密钥加密你
输入的密码。其加密过程为:首先将你输入的密码字符逐位转换为其16进制的ASC
Ⅱ码值(小写字母先转为大写字母),再依次与对应密钥逐位进行异或运算,把所
得16进制值的每一位当作字符,转换为其16进制ASCII码,并在其尾加上00作为结
束标志,存入注册表HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/desktop下的二进制键
ScreenSave_Data中。
  懂得其加密原理后,便不难编程破解我的屏幕保护密码(即上网密码)了。本
人用VB6.0编制了一读取注册表中ScrrenSave_Data值的函数GetBinaryValue(Entry
As String),读出其值为31 43 41 33 33 43 35 35 33 34 32 31 00,去掉其结束
标志00,把余下字节转换为对应的ASCII字符,并把每两个字符组成一16进制数:
1C A3 3C 55 34 21,显然,密码为6位,将其与前6字节密钥逐一异或后便得出密
码的ASCII码(16进制值):54 4D 4A 48 53 48,对应的密码明文为TMJHSH,破解
成功!用它拔号一试,呵,立刻传来Modem欢快的叫声。
  附VB源程序:(程序中使用了窗体Form1,文本框Text1,命令按钮Command1)
  1、窗体代码:
  Option Explicit
  Dim Cryptograph As String
  Dim i As Integer
  Dim j As Integer
  Dim k As Integer
  Dim CryptographStr(32) As Integer
  Dim PWstr As String
  Dim PassWord As String
  Private Sub Command1_Click()
  PWstr = “"
  PassWord = “"
  Text1.Text =“"
  Cryptograph = GetBinaryValue(“ScreenSave_Data")
  k = Len(Cryptograph)
  For j = 1 To k - 1
   For i = 32 To 126
   For i = 32 To 126
   If Mid(Cryptograph, j, 1) = Chr(i) Then
   CryptographStr(j) = i
   End If
   Next i
  Next j
  i = (k - 1) / 2 '密码位数为(h-1)/2,根据位数选择解密过程。
  Select Case i
  Case 16
   GoTo 16
  Case 15
   GoTo 15
  Case 14
   GoTo 14
  Case 13
   GoTo 13
  Case 12
   GoTo 12
  Case 11
   GoTo 11
  Case 10
   GoTo 10
   GoTo 10
  Case 9
   GoTo 9
  Case 8
   GoTo 8
  Case 7
   GoTo 7
  Case 6
   GoTo 6
  Case 5
   GoTo 5
  Case 4
   GoTo 4
  Case 3
   GoTo 3
  Case 2
   GoTo 2
  Case 1
   GoTo 1
  Case Else
   End
  End Select
  16: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(31)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(32))) Xor &H5F)
  15: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(29)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(30))) Xor &H97)
  14: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(27)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(28))) Xor &H95)
  13: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(25)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(26))) Xor &H54)
  12: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(23)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(24))) Xor &HF8)
  11: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(21)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(22))) Xor &H47)
  10: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(19)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(20))) Xor &H8C)
  9: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(17)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(18))) Xor &H7A)
  8: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(15)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(16))) Xor &H1B)
  7: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(13)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(14))) Xor &HA1)
  6: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(11)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(12))) Xor &H69)
  5: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(9)) &
  5: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(9)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(10))) Xor &H67)
  4: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(7)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(8))) Xor &H1D)
  3: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(5)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(6))) Xor &H76)
  2: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(3)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(4))) Xor &HEE)
  1: PWstr = PWstr & Chr((“&H" & Chr(CryptographStr(1)) &
Chr(CryptographStr(2))) Xor &H48)
  For i = i To 1 Step -1 '所得PWstr的值为密码的倒序列,将其倒置便得出
密码。
   PassWord = PassWord & Mid(PWstr, i, 1)
  Next i
  Text1.Text = PassWord '在文本框内显示密码。
  End Sub
  2、模块代码:
  Option Explicit
  Const ERROR_SUCCESS = 0&
  Const ERROR_BADDB = 1009&
  Const ERROR_BADKEY = 1010&
  Const REG_EXPAND_SZ = 2&
  Const REG_BINARY = 3&
  Const KEY_QUERY_VALUE = &H1&
  Const KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS = &H8&
  Const KEY_NOTIFY = &H10&
  Const READ_CONTROL = &H20000
  Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ = READ_CONTROL
  Const KEY_READ = STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ Or KEY_QUERY_VALUE Or
KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS Or KEY_NOTIFY
  Const HKEY_CURRENT_USER = &H80000001
  Dim hKey As Long, MainKeyHandle As Long
  Dim rtn As Long, lBuffer As Long, sBuffer As String, SubKey As
String
  Dim lBufferSize As Long
  Declare Function RegOpenKeyEx Lib “advapi32.dll" Alias “
RegOpenKeyExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpSubKey As String, ByVal
ulOptions As Long, ByVal samDesired As Long, phkResult As Long) As
Long
  Declare Function RegCloseKey Lib “advapi32.dll" (ByVal hKey As
Long) As Long
  Declare Function RegQueryValueEx Lib“advapi32.dll" Alias“Reg
QueryValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As String, ByVal
lpReserved As Long, lpType As Long, ByVal lpData As String, lpcbData
lpData As String, lpcbData
As Long) As Long
  Function GetBinaryValue(Entry As String)
  MainKeyHandle = HKEY_CURRENT_USER
  SubKey = “Control Panel/desktop/"
  rtn = RegOpenKeyEx(MainKeyHandle, SubKey, 0, KEY_READ, hKey)
   If rtn = ERROR_SUCCESS Then '如果HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control
Panel/desktop键被成功打开
   lBufferSize = 1
   rtn = RegQueryValueEx(hKey, Entry, 0, REG_BINARY, 0, lBufferSize)
'读取ScreenSave_Data的值
   sBuffer = Space(lBufferSize)
   rtn = RegQueryValueEx(hKey, Entry, 0, REG_BINARY, sBuffer,
lBufferSize)
   If rtn = ERROR_SUCCESS Then '如果读取ScreenSave_Data的值成功
   rtn = RegCloseKey(hKey)
   GetBinaryValue = sBuffer '函数返回ScreenSave_Data的值
   Else '如果读取ScreenSave_Data的值不成功
   Call ErrorMsg
   End
   End If
  Else '如果HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/desktop键不能打开
   Call ErrorMsg '调用ErrorMsg()过程
   Call ErrorMsg '调用ErrorMsg()过程
   End
   End If
  End Function
  Private Sub ErrorMsg() '显示错误信息过程
   Select Case rtn
   Case ERROR_BADDB
   MsgBox (“您的计算机注册表有错误!")
  Case ERROR_BADKEY, REG_EXPAND_SZ
   MsgBox (“您的计算机未设屏保密码!")
  Case Else
   MsgBox (“破解过程中遇到未知错误,错误号:" & Str$(rtn))
   End Select
  End Sub
--
            .      .-~/
           / `-'/.'    `- :
           |    /          `._
           |   |   .-.        {
            /  |   `-'         `.

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作者:lanjingquan
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:29:39    [回复] 

 18楼  

穷举密码算法
breath
  
//*******************************************************************
//在许多情况下我们需要穷举组合的算法,比如密码词典。
//这个算法的关键是密码下标进位的问题。
//另外本例子中的写文件语句效率比较低,为了降低算法复杂度没有优化。
//如果要提高写文件的效率,可以使用缓冲区,分批写入。
//*********************************************breath.cnpick.com*****

void createpassword()
{
#define passwordmax 8//将生成密码的最大长度

char a[]="0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";//可能的字符
long ndictcount=sizeof(a);//获得密码词典长度
char cpass[passwordmax+2];//将生成的密码
long nminl=1,nmaxl=3;//本例中密码长度从1-3
long array[passwordmax];//密码词典下标

assert(nminl<=nmaxl && nmaxl<=passwordmax);//容错保证
long nlength=nminl;
register long j,i=0;
bool bnext;
cstdiofile file;
file.open("c://dict.txt",cfile::modecreate|cfile::modewrite);
while(nlength<=nmaxl)
{
for(i=0;i
array[i]=0;
bnext=true;
while(bnext)
{
for(i=0;i
cpass[i]=a[array[i]];
cpass[i]='/0';
file.writestring(cpass);
file.writestring("/n");
for(j=nlength-1;j>=0;j--)//密码指针进位
{
array[j]++;
if(array[j]!=ndictcount-1)break;
else
{
array[j]=0;
if(j==0)bnext=false;
}
}

}
nlength++;
}
file.close();
}

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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:34:04    [回复] 

 19楼  

发信人: Marslv (梦幻人生), 信区: Program
标  题: 生命法则(转)
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Sun Oct 22 09:16:08 2000), 转信
发信人: messages.bbs@bbs.whu.edu.cn (少年心气), 信区: DOS
标  题: 生命法则
发信站: 珞珈山水 (Sat May 22 19:05:50 1999)
转信站: argo!news.zsu.edu.cn!whunews!whubbs
发信人: vinc (never mind), 信区: Dos
标  题: 生命法则
发信站: 樱花城堡 (Sat May 22 17:22:38 1999), 转信
这是一个很有名的John Comway的生命法则命题,其大意是:
在一片空间上,有成一定形状的生命体的群体在生息繁衍着,
他们的生活规律是:
1.如果某生命体的周围有三个以上的生命体存在,它就将因
  过于拥挤而死去;
2.如果某生命体的周围的生命体少于两个,它就将因孤独而
  死去;
3.如果某空间上没有生命体存在,但其周围有两个或三个生
  命体存在,则这个空间上将产生新的生命体。
学过计算机算法的人一定对这个命题不陌生吧?
我用的汇编语言编的这个程序可以做到上述的要求(我还从
没有见人用汇编语言来编这个程序... faint...是汇编语言
太难了?太面向硬件?我觉得用汇编语言来编这个程序真的
是很酷耶!而且,我没有用常规的教科书上讲的pascal例程
采用的那种算法,书上的pascal例程用了两个缓冲区来存储
生命体的位置和处理中间结果,我只用了一个缓冲区...
嗯...真的是很爽...只是界面有点简单,这就是其他高级语
言的优势了...),主要功能键是先移动上下左右方向键和回
车键布置第一代生命体的位置,两次回车确定。然后程序就
开始计算后代的命运了,每按一次任意键算出一代,按Esc
键重新开始程序,按q键退出。
;Life.ASM
code            segment
                assume cs:code,ds:code,es:code,ss:code
                org 100h
start:          jmp main
version         db "Bruce's Law of Life Version 1.00",0
gap             db 'Generation  00',07,00
buff            db 20*20 dup (?)
count           db 0
total           dw 0
row             db 0
col             db 0
disp:           mov ah,0eh
                mov bl,0fh
                int 10h
                ret
cls:            mov ax,0700h
                mov bh,0fh
                mov cx,0
                mov dx,184fh
                int 10h
                ret
down:           mov al,08h
                call disp
                mov al,0ah
                call disp
                mov al,'?
                jmp disp
line:           mov cx,14h
lop1:           mov al,'?
                call disp
                loop lop1
                ret
downline:       mov cx,14h
lop2:           call down
                loop lop2
                ret
setposition:    mov ah,02h
                mov bh,00h
                int 10h
                ret
echo:           lodsb
                or al,al
                jz return
                call disp
                jmp echo
return:         ret
turn:           mov dx,0a03h
                call setposition
                inc byte ptr [gap][0dh]
                cmp byte ptr [gap][0dh],'9'
                jbe ok
                mov byte ptr [gap][0dh],'0'
                inc byte ptr [gap][0ch]
ok:             mov si,offset gap
                call echo
                ret
chess:          mov ah,0eh
                mov bl,0fh
                mov al,'*'
                int 10h
                call back
                ret
back:           mov dl,[col]
                mov dh,[row]
                call setposition
                call getposition
                ret
compchar:       call readchar
                cmp al,'*'
                jnz return1
                inc count
return1:        ret
getposition:    mov ah,03h
                mov bh,00h
                int 10h
                mov [col],dl
                mov [row],dh
                ret
readchar:       mov ah,08h
                mov bh,00h
                int 10h
                ret
receive:        mov dx,0433h
                call setposition
                call getposition
                mov di,offset buff
                mov word ptr [total],0
lopr:           call compare
                call getposition
                inc dl
                cmp dl,46h
                jbe setr
                mov dl,33h
                inc dh
               ;cmp dh,17h
               ;jbe setr
               ;ret
setr:          ;xor ax,ax
                ;int 16h
                call setposition
                call getposition
                inc word ptr [total]
                cmp word ptr [total],20*20
                jb lopr
                ret
test1:          call setposition
                call compchar
                call back
                ret
compare:        mov count,0
                call getposition
                inc dh
                call test1
                dec dh
                call test1
                inc dl
                call test1
                dec dl
                call test1
                inc dh
                inc dl
                call test1
                inc dh
                dec dl
                call test1
                dec dh
                inc dl
                call test1
                dec dh
                dec dl
                call test1
                call readchar
                cmp al,'*'
                jz have
                cmp count,3
                jz point
blank:          mov al,20h
                stosb
                ret
have:           cmp count,3
                ja blank
                cmp count,2
                jb blank
point:          mov al,'*'
                stosb
                ret
putpicture:     mov dx,0433h
                call setposition
                call getposition
                mov si,offset buff
                mov word ptr [total],0
lopp:           call getposition
                cmp dl,46h
                jbe setp
                mov dl,33h
                inc dh
setp:           call setposition
                inc word ptr [total]
                lodsb
                call disp
                cmp word ptr [total],20*20
                jb lopp
                ret
main:           call cls
                mov cx,20*20
                mov di,offset buff
                mov al,0
                rep stosb
                mov word ptr [gap][0ch],3030h
                mov dx,0228h
                call setposition
                mov si,offset version
                call  echo
                mov dx,0332h
                call setposition
                mov al,'?
                call disp
                call line
                mov al,'?
                call disp
                call downline
                mov dx,0333h
                call setposition
                call downline
                mov al,08h
                call disp
                mov al,0ah
                call disp
                mov al,'?
                call disp
                call line
                mov al,'?
                call disp
                call turn
                mov dx,0e3dh
direct:         call setposition
                call getposition
getkey:         xor ax,ax
                int 16h
                cmp ax,011bh
                jz main
                cmp ax,4800h
                jnz dir_down
                cmp byte ptr [row],4
                jz getkey
                dec dh
                jmp direct
dir_down:       cmp ax,5000h
                jnz dir_left
                cmp byte ptr [row],17h
                jz getkey
                inc dh
                jmp direct
dir_left:       cmp ax,4b00h
                jnz dir_right
                cmp byte ptr [col],33h
                jz getkey
                dec dl
                jmp direct
dir_right:      cmp ax,4d00h
                jnz enter1
                cmp byte ptr [col],46h
                jz getkey
                inc dl
                jmp direct
exit:           call cls
                mov dx,0
                call setposition
                mov ax,4c00h
                int 21h
enter1:         cmp al,0dh
                jz confirmed
                jmp getkey
confirmed:      call readchar
                cmp al,20h
                jnz confirm_again
                call chess
no:             jmp getkey
confirm_again:  xor ax,ax
                int 16h
                cmp al,0dh
                jnz no
start_cal:      call turn
                call receive
                call putpicture
                xor ax,ax
                int 16h
                cmp ah,01h
                jnz continue
                jmp main
continue:       cmp ah,10h
                jz endcode
                jmp start_cal
endcode:        jmp exit
code            ends
                end     start
--
            .      .-~/
           / `-'/.'    `- :
           |    /          `._
           |   |   .-.        {
            /  |   `-'         `.

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作者:lanjingquan
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:38:56    [回复] 

 20楼  

发信人: allanli (若尘), 信区: Program
标  题: 实现上下跳变触发.
发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Wed May  3 16:14:18 2000), 转信
    下面程序是pic16cxx系列单片机汇编语言的一段代码,功能为按键延时,
由于某种原因不能用空循环来实现,不知还有没有更好的方法?
还有是计数程序段实现了只对脉冲上升沿计数,是否还有更好的方法?
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
;*******************************************
;* 本函数用于初始化ISCONFIRM1所用到的寄存器 *
;*                                          *
;* 参见:  函数ISCONFIRM1                   *
;* 返回值:NOTHING                          *
;*******************************************
CLSCONFIRM1
clrf 0xc
clrf 0xd
retlw 0x0
; End Of CLSCONFIRM1;-------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------
;******************************************
;* 本函数用于监测按键是否按下了20ms       *
;* 调用CLSCONFIRM1后开始算0秒             *
;*                                        *
;* 参见:  函数CLSCONFIRM1                *
;* 返回值:若超过20ms秒返回0xFF           *
;*                  否则返回0x0           *
;******************************************
ISCONFIRM1
movf   portc,W       ; PORTC->W,保留PORTC的状态到W
andlw  0x80          ; W的最高位保留过零比较器的输出值
xorwf  0xc,W         ; W的值与FC中保留的值相比较,影响Z位.
btfsc  0x3,0x2       ; 判断状态记存器z位是否为零,为零则W<>FC,也即发生过零。
retlw  0x0           ; Z位不为零,即w=FC,没过零,返回
xorwf  0xc           ; 若为零,即过零器过零,保存PORTC(7)的状态到FC中。
btfsc  0x3,0x2       ; 判断状态记存器z位是否为零
retlw  0x0           ; W=FC,此过零为负跳变,不计数,返回
incf   0xd           ; 过零,此过零为正跳变,计数,FD增1
movlw  0x2           ;
subwf  0xd,W         ; 判断FD是否>=2H,若是的话再判断键是否仍然按下
btfss  0x3,0x0       ; 检测C位
retlw  0x0           ; C位为0,有借位,FD<2H,返回0x0
movlw  0x2           ; C位为1,没借位,FD>=2H
movwf  0xd           ; 2H->Fd,保持FD>=2H
movf   portb,W       ; 判断键是否仍然按下
movwf  0x1F          ;
btfsc  0x1F,0x2      ; 检测RB2的状态,即判断是否有键按下
retlw  0xFF          ; 键仍然按下,返回0xFF
retlw  0x0           ; 键已松开,返回0x0
; End Of ISCONFIRM1
--
  既然要注定流浪,
  风又何必苦苦推难。                     E-Mail:allan_stu@163.net
  既然帆想要靠岸,
  海又何必处处阻拦。

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作者:lanjingquan
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:43:21    [回复] 

 21楼  

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作者:lanjingquan
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发表时间:2003-10-3 23:44:49    [回复] 

 22楼  

就发这么多了,其它的有一些在以前发过就不重发了。

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发表于 2004年08月05日 8:43 AM

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