JavaWeb---制作验证码


说起验证码,绝壁是个让人蛋疼的问题,特别是节假日在12306上面抢票的时候遇到的外星系验证码,大大降低了用户的体验度!
可是还是要知道验证码为什么存在,其作用是什么!

验证码形式

字母数字组合、加减法、中英文、算式加减法……


 

为什么需要验证码

验证码降低了用户体验度,但是为什么存在呢???

如果没有验证码:

1)       对特定用户不断登录破解密码

2)       对某个网站创建账户

3)       对某个网站提交垃圾数据

4)       都某个网站刷票

如果存在验证码:

只有人亲自识别验证码,输入验证码内容,才能登录、发评论等等,防止计算机破解自动登录发灌水帖等;通过验证码来区分人和计算机;

 


制作验证码

验证码包含两部分:输入框和显示验证码的图片;

一般验证机制如下图:


可是,显示验证码的图片是如何产生的呢?


通过Servlet手工制作验证码(简单型)

1)       手工生成的验证码比较简单,用到的类有

2)       BufferedImage图像数据缓冲区

3)       Graphics绘制图片

4)       Color获取颜色

5)       Random生成随机数

6)       ImageIO输出图片


 

ImageServlet类:

package hdu.terence;
 
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Random;
 
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
public class ImageServlet extendsHttpServlet {
 
       publicImageServlet() {
              super();
       }
 
       publicvoid destroy() {
              super.destroy();
       }
       publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                     throwsServletException, IOException {
              BufferedImagebi=new BufferedImage(68,22,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
              Graphicsg=bi.getGraphics();
              Colorc=new Color(200,150,255);
              g.setColor(c);
              g.fillRect(0,0, 68, 22);
              char[]ch="WQERTYUIOPASDFG127890HJKLZ3456XCVBNMmnbvcxzkjhgfdsaqwertyuiop".toCharArray();
              Randomr=new Random();
              intlen=ch.length,index;
             
              StringBuffersb=new StringBuffer();//用于保存图片
              for(inti=0;i<4;i++)
              {
                     index=r.nextInt(len);
                     g.setColor(newColor(r.nextInt(88),r.nextInt(188),r.nextInt(255)));
                     g.drawString(ch[index]+"",(i*15)+3, 18);
                     sb.append(ch[index]);
              }
              request.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode",sb.toString());
              ImageIO.write(bi,"JPG", response.getOutputStream());
       }
       publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                     throwsServletException, IOException {
       }
       publicvoid init() throws ServletException {
             
       }
}


 

LoginServlet类:

package hdu.terence;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
public class LoginServlet extendsHttpServlet {
 
      
       publicLoginServlet() {
              super();
       }
       publicvoid destroy() {
       }
       publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                     throwsServletException, IOException {
              response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gbk");
              StringverifyCode=(String) request.getSession().getAttribute("verifyCode");
              StringcheckCode=request.getParameter("checkCode");
              verifyCode=verifyCode.toUpperCase();
              checkCode=checkCode.toUpperCase();
             
              PrintWriterout=response.getWriter();
              if(checkCode.equals(verifyCode))
              {
                     out.println("niece!验证码输入正确!");
              }
              else
              {
                     out.println("你似不似撒?验证码都能输入错误!!!!!!");
              }
              out.flush();
              out.close();
       }
       publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                     throwsServletException, IOException {
       }
       publicvoid init() throws ServletException {       }
}


 

JSP:

<head> 
<script type="text/javascript">
   function reloadVerifyCode()
    {
      var time =new Date().getTime();
      document.getElementById("imageCode")
      document.getElementById("imageCode").src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/servlet/ImageServlet?d="+time;
      //加time传递参数是为了区分请求连接,重新获取验证码;
    }
   </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/servlet/LoginServlet" method="get">
      验证码:<input type="text" name="checkCode"id="checkCode">
      <img alt="验证码" id="imageCode"src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/servlet/ImageServlet"/>
      <a href="javascript:reloadVerifyCode();">看不清,重新获取</a><br>
         <input type="submit"name="submit" value="确定"> 
      <input type="reset"name="submit" value="重置">
      
    </form>
  </body>


结果




通过Kaptcha开源组件制作验证码(花式验证码)

Kaptcha:这个工具是可配置的,可以生成各种花式的验证码,可通过配置参数增加机器识别难度。

 

准备步骤:

1)       下载kaptcha-2.3.jar(点击下载kaptcha-2.3.jar

2)       将jar包导入项目,添加到路径

3)       编写页面

4)       配置web.xml

5)       启动项目



 

数字、英文混合验证

Step1 JSP

<table>
      <tr>
        <th>输入验证码:</th>
        <th align="left" > <input name="checkCode"Id="checkCode" type="text"/></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th> </th>
        <th><img  src="randomcode.jpg">看不清,重换一张 </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <th> </th>
        <th align="left">
        <input type="submit" value="确定"/>   
        <input type="reset" value="重置"/>
        </th>
      </tr>
      </table>


src:连接到后台生成的randomcode.jpg;


Step2  在web.xml中添加映射配置:

 

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>kaptcha</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/randomcode.jpg</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>


 

 

Step3  增加配置参数,防止机器识别图片

可配置的参数如下:

-

<span style="color:#000000;"><init-param>
  <description>图片边框,合法值:yes , no</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.border</param-name>
  <param-value>yes</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>边框颜色,合法值: r,g,b (and optional alpha) 或者white,black,blue.</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.border.color</param-name>
  <param-value>red</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>边框厚度,合法值:>0</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.border.thickness</param-name>
  <param-value>2</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>图片宽 200</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.image.width</param-name>
  <param-value>150</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>图片高 50</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.image.height</param-name>
  <param-value>50</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>图片实现类</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.producer.impl</param-name>
  <param-value>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>不用文本实现:com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DifaultTextCreator用文本实现:则用自己重写的中文类(内含算法)ChineseTextCheck.ChineseTextCode</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.impl</param-name>
  <param-value>ChineseTextCheck.ChineseTextCode</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>文本集合,验证码值从此集合中获取</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.string</param-name>
  <param-value>qwertys1zcmd2345s67g890</param-value>
- <!--
<param-value>abcde2345678gfynmnpwx</param-value>
  -->
- <!--
<param-value>你好我好大家好</param-value>
  -->
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>验证码长度 5</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</param-name>
  <param-value>5</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>字体Arial, Courier</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.names</param-name>
  <param-value>Arial, Courier</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>字体大小 40px.</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.size</param-name>
  <param-value>30</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>字体颜色,合法值: r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue.</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.color</param-name>
  <param-value>black</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>文字间隔 2</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.space</param-name>
  <param-value>2</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>干扰实现类</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.noise.impl</param-name>
-<param-value>
- <!--
 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise
  -->
  com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultNoise
  </param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>干扰颜色,合法值: r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue.</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.noise.color</param-name>
  <param-value>blue</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>图片样式: 水纹com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple鱼眼com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.FishEyeGimpy阴影com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.ShadowGimpy</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.obscurificator.impl</param-name>
  <param-value>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.FishEyeGimpy</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>背景实现类</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.background.impl</param-name>
  <param-value>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultBackground</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>背景颜色渐变,开始颜色</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.background.clear.from</param-name>
  <param-value>red</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>背景颜色渐变,结束颜色</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.background.clear.to</param-name>
  <param-value>white</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>文字渲染器</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.word.impl</param-name>
  <param-value>com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultWordRenderer</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>session中存放验证码的key键</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.session.key</param-name>
  <param-value>KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY</param-value>
  </init-param>
-<init-param>
  <description>The date the kaptcha is generatedis put into the HttpSession. This is the key value for that item in thesession.</description>
  <param-name>kaptcha.session.date</param-name>
  <param-value>KAPTCHA_SESSION_DATE</param-value>
  </init-param></span>

 

Step 4  结果

 



中文验证码

Step1  重写配置文件里面的TextProducer类

 

import java.util.Random;
import com.google.code.kaptcha.text.TextProducer;
importcom.google.code.kaptcha.util.Configurable;
 
public class ChineseTextCode extendsConfigurable implements TextProducer {
 
       /*
        * 中文验证码(non-Javadoc)
        * 粘贴以下算法重写文本实现类
        * @see com.google.code.kaptcha.text.TextProducer#getText()
        */
       publicString getText() {
              intlength = getConfig().getTextProducerCharLength();
              StringfinalWord = "", firstWord = "";
              inttempInt = 0;
              String[]array = { "0", "1", "2", "3","4", "5", "6", "7", "8","9",
                            "a","b", "c", "d", "e", "f" };
 
              Randomrand = new Random();
 
              for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                     switch(rand.nextInt(array.length)) {
                     case1:
                            tempInt= rand.nextInt(26) + 65;
                            firstWord= String.valueOf((char) tempInt);
                            break;
                     case2:
                            intr1,
                            r2,
                            r3,
                            r4;
                            StringstrH,
                            strL;//high&low
                            r1= rand.nextInt(3) + 11; // 前闭后开[11,14)
                            if(r1 == 13) {
                                   r2= rand.nextInt(7);
                            }else {
                                   r2= rand.nextInt(16);
                            }
 
                            r3= rand.nextInt(6) + 10;
                            if(r3 == 10) {
                                   r4= rand.nextInt(15) + 1;
                            }else if (r3 == 15) {
                                   r4= rand.nextInt(15);
                            }else {
                                   r4= rand.nextInt(16);
                            }
 
                            strH= array[r1] + array[r2];
                            strL= array[r3] + array[r4];
 
                            byte[]bytes = new byte[2];
                            bytes[0]= (byte) (Integer.parseInt(strH, 16));
                            bytes[1]= (byte) (Integer.parseInt(strL, 16));
 
                            firstWord= new String(bytes);
                            break;
                     default:
                            tempInt= rand.nextInt(10) + 48;
                            firstWord= String.valueOf((char) tempInt);
                            break;
                     }
                     finalWord+= firstWord;
              }
              returnfinalWord;
       }
 
       publicString getText1() {
              intlength = getConfig().getTextProducerCharLength();
              //char[]charS = getConfig().getTextProducerCharString();
             
              String[]s = new String[]{"我","是","阿","S","靖","卡","哥","滚","蛋","呸"};
 
              Randomrand = new Random();
              StringBuffersb = new StringBuffer();
              for(inti = 0; i < length; i++){
                     intind =rand.nextInt(s.length);
                     sb.append(s[ind]);
              }
              returnsb.toString();
       }
}


Step2  然后修改配置文件web.xml

<init-param>
        <description>文本实现类</description>
        <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.impl</param-name>
        <param-value>
           ChineseTextCheck.ChineseTextCode
        </param-value>
</init-param>


Step 3  结果




算式验证码

以重写Servlet的方式实现算式验证码

步骤:

1)       获取随机数值,结果相加

2)       将计算公式写到图片上

3)       将相加结果保存到session中

4)       依此为目标重写KapthaServlet类

 

Step1  重写KaptchaServlet

package formula;
 
import com.google.code.kaptcha.Producer;
import com.google.code.kaptcha.util.Config;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
 
public class KaptchaServlet extendsHttpServlet implements Servlet {
       privateProperties props;
       privateProducer kaptchaProducer;
       privateString sessionKeyValue;
 
       publicKaptchaServlet() {
              this.props= new Properties();
 
              this.kaptchaProducer= null;
 
              this.sessionKeyValue= null;
       }
 
       publicvoid init(ServletConfig conf) throws ServletException {
              super.init(conf);
 
              ImageIO.setUseCache(false);
 
              EnumerationinitParams = conf.getInitParameterNames();
              while(initParams.hasMoreElements()) {
                     Stringkey = (String) initParams.nextElement();
                     Stringvalue = conf.getInitParameter(key);
                     this.props.put(key,value);
              }
 
              Configconfig = new Config(this.props);
              this.kaptchaProducer= config.getProducerImpl();
              this.sessionKeyValue= config.getSessionKey();
       }
 
       publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
                     throwsServletException, IOException {
              resp.setDateHeader("Expires",0L);
 
              resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate");
 
              resp.addHeader("Cache-Control","post-check=0, pre-check=0");
 
              resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
 
              resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
 
              StringcapText = this.kaptchaProducer.createText();
              Strings1 = capText.substring(0, 1);
              Strings2 = capText.substring(1, 2);
              intr = Integer.valueOf(s1).intValue() + Integer.valueOf(s2).intValue();
 
              req.getSession().setAttribute(this.sessionKeyValue,String.valueOf(r));
 
              BufferedImagebi = this.kaptchaProducer.createImage(s1+"+"+s2+"=?");
 
              ServletOutputStreamout = resp.getOutputStream();
 
              ImageIO.write(bi,"jpg", out);
              try{
                     out.flush();
              }finally {
                     out.close();
              }
       }
}


Step2  配置web.xml

<servlet-name>kaptcha</servlet-name>
       <description>文字、数字英文方式:com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet
                 算式:使用自己重写的类:formula.KaptchaServlet
       </description>
<servlet-class>formula.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class>


上述中formula.KaptchaServlet是指自己在formula包下重写的KaptchaServlet类。

Step3  结果



References Demo

参考源码:verifyCode

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