64位的ubuntu14.10系统下安装python2.7.9

ubuntu14.10系统下默认安装了python2.7.8和python3.4.2，　她们在/usr/bin/下可以找到, 默认用python2.7.8

xx@ada:~$ python --version
Python 2.7.8
xx@ada:~$ python3.4 --version
Python 3.4.2
xx@ada:~$ python2.7 --version
Python 2.7.8
xx@ada:~$ which python
/usr/bin/python
xx@ada:~$ which python3.4
/usr/bin/python3.4
xx@ada:~$ 

现在python官网出了python2.7系列的python2.7.9，　好了，　现在我们尝试着安装python2.7.9

python在ubuntu下有几种安装方法：

 
 
通过ubuntu官方的apt工具包安装
通过PPA(Personal Package Archive)　的apt工具包安装
通过编译python源代码安装

通过ubuntu官方的apt工具包安装

sudo apt-get install python2.7
sudo apt-get install python3.4

安装完成后，　可以用下面的命令进行确认

xx@ada:~$ python2.7 --version
Python 2.7.8
xx@ada:~$ python3.4 --version
Python 3.4.2
xx@ada:~$ 

从PPA(Personal Package Archives) 安装apt工具包

$ sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install python2.7

类似使用apt工具包安装python的工具虽然简单，　但有时不一定能够安装到最新版本。因此，　在python出现重要更新时，　我们最好学会以从源代码直接编译安装python2.7.

从源代码编译安装python

$ wget -c https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tgz
$ tar -xzvf Python-2.7.9.tgz
$ cd Python-2.7.9/
$ LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu" ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install 

其中，　上面的wget -c (url)是下载命令，参数-c表示支持断点下载, url是目标文件下载的绝对路径　

“-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu”中的x86_64-linux-gnu在/usr/lib/下可以找到，　这是x86_64可以看出我的系统是64的, 这里根据自己的系统进行键入。

好了，　安装完后我们检测下，　终端键入python --version,　回车，　再键入which python

xx@ada:~$ python --version
Python 2.7.9
xx@ada:~$ which python
/usr/local/bin/python
xx@ada:~$ 

可见，　python2.7.9安装成功，　并且发现我们默认的python版本变成了python2.7.9。这是因为操作系统在搜索命令时，　是按照PATH环境变量的顺序依次进行搜索的，　

/usr/local/bin/下的python会比/usr/bin/下的python优先搜索到, 并作为默认的python版本。

那么我ubuntu14.10下就有三个版本的python，分别是python2.7.8, python2.7.9, python3.4.2, 如下：

xx@ada:~$ python --version
Python 2.7.9
xx@ada:~$ python2.7 --version
Python 2.7.9
xx@ada:~$ python3.4 --version
Python 3.4.2
xx@ada:~$ python2.7
Python 2.7.9 (default, Jan  3 2015, 03:27:08) 
[GCC 4.9.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
xx@ada:~$ 

当然，　我们也可以指定python的路径，　为查看python的版本，　如下：

xx@ada:~$ /usr/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.8
xx@ada:~$ /usr/bin/python2.7 --version
Python 2.7.8
xx@ada:~$ /usr/bin/python3.4 --version
Python 3.4.2
xx@ada:~$ /usr/local/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.9
xx@ada:~$ /usr/local/bin/python2.7 --version
Python 2.7.9
xx@ada:~$ 

至此，　我们就已经介绍完了python在ubuntu下的三种安装方法。

OK, Enjoy it!!!

继上，　由于我在安装python2.7.9之前安装过了虚拟运行环境virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper，　当安装完了python2.7.9后，　默认的python版本发生了变化，　所以当我再次打开终端时出现以下信息：

/usr/local/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
virtualenvwrapper.sh: There was a problem running the initialization hooks. 

If Python could not import the module virtualenvwrapper.hook_loader,
check that virtualenvwrapper has been installed for
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/bin/python and that PATH is
set properly.
xx@ada:~$ 

由上面的信息我们可以知道新安装的python2.7.9安装目录下找不到模块virtualenvwrapper, 但她们依然可用，　不妨我们在终端下试下以下几个命令

$ virtualenv --help

$ mkivrtulaenv --help

$ workon

/usr/local/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
virtualenvwrapper.sh: There was a problem running the initialization hooks. 

If Python could not import the module virtualenvwrapper.hook_loader,
check that virtualenvwrapper has been installed for
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/bin/python and that PATH is
set properly.
xx@ada:~$ workon
env
xx@ada:~$ workon env
/usr/local/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
/usr/local/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
(env)xx@ada:~$ deactivate
/usr/local/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
/usr/local/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
xx@ada:~$ 

可见，这不影响虚拟运行环境。但每次打开终端都看到那些信息，　有强迫证的我目前正在努力寻找解决方法...

我们键入pip freeze来看看已安装的python模块：

xx@ada:~$ pip freeze
adium-theme-ubuntu==0.3.4
apt-xapian-index==0.46
ccsm==0.9.12
characteristic==0.1.0
chardet==2.2.1
colorama==0.3.1
command-not-found==0.3
compizconfig-python==0.9.12
debtagshw==0.1
defer==1.0.6
dirspec==13.10
duplicity==0.6.23
gevent==1.0.1
greenlet==0.4.5
html5lib==0.999
httplib2==0.9
idna==0.9
lockfile==0.8
lxml==3.3.6
oauthlib==0.6.1
oneconf==0.3.7
PAM==0.4.2
pbr==0.10.7
pexpect==3.2
Pillow==2.6.1
piston-mini-client==0.7.5
pyasn1==0.1.7
pyasn1-modules==0.0.5
pycrypto==2.6.1
pycups==1.9.67
pycurl==7.19.5
pygobject==3.14.0
pyOpenSSL==0.13.1
pyserial==2.6
python-apt===0.9.3.10ubuntu1
python-debian==0.1.22
pyxdg==0.25
reportlab==3.1.8
requests==2.3.0
service-identity==1.0.0
sessioninstaller==0.0.0
six==1.7.3
software-center-aptd-plugins==0.0.0
stevedore==1.1.0
system-service==0.1.6
Twisted-Core==14.0.2
Twisted-Web==14.0.2
unity-lens-photos==1.0
urllib3==1.8.3
virtualenv==12.0.4
virtualenv-clone==0.2.5
virtualenvwrapper==4.3.1
wheel==0.24.0
xdiagnose==3.6.6
zope.interface==4.1.1
xx@ada:~$ 

待续...