ajax跨域访问是一个老问题了,解决方法很多,比较常用的是JSONP 方法,JSONP方法是一种非官方方法 ,而且这种方法只支持GET方式,不如POST方式安全。
即使使用jQuery 的jsonp方法,type设为POST,也会自动变为GET。
官方问题说明:
“script”: Evaluates the response as JavaScript and returns it as plain text. Disables caching by appending a query string parameter, “_=[TIMESTAMP]“, to the URL unless the cache option is set to true.Note: This will turn POSTs into GETs for remote-domain requests.
如果跨域使用POST方式,可以使用创建一个隐藏的iframe来实现,与ajax上传图片原理一样,但这样会比较麻烦。
因此,通过设置Access-Control-Allow-Origin 来实现跨域访问比较简单。
例如:客户端的域名是www.client.com ,而请求的域名是www.server.com
如果直接使用ajax访问,会有以下错误
XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://www.server.com/server.PHP . No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource.Origin 'http://www.client.com' is therefore not allowed access .
在被请求的Response header中加入
header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*' ); header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:POST' ); header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with,content-type' );
就可以实现ajax POST跨域访问了。
代码如下:
client.html 路径:http://www.client.com/client.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" > < html > < head > < meta http-equiv = "content-type" content = "text/html;charset=utf-8" > < title > 跨域测试 </ title > < script src = "//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.3.min.js" > </ script > </ head > < body > < div id = "show" > </ div > < script type = "text/javascript" > $.post("http://www.server.com/server.php",{name:"fdipzone",gender:"male"}) .done(function(data){ document.getElementById("show").innerHTML = data .name + ' ' + data.gender; }); </ script > </ body > </ html >
server.php 路径:http://www.server.com/server.php
<?php $ret = array ( 'name' => isset( $_POST [ 'name' ])? $_POST [ 'name' ] : '' , 'gender' => isset( $_POST [ 'gender' ])? $_POST [ 'gender' ] : '' ); header('content-type:application:json;charset=utf8' ); header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*' ); header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:POST' ); header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with,content-type' ); echo json_encode( $ret ); ?>
Access-Control-Allow-Origin:* 表示允许任何域名跨域访问
如果需要指定某域名 才允许跨域访问,只需把Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*改为Access-Control-Allow-Origin:允许的域名
例如:header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:http://www.client.com ');
如果需要设置多个域名 允许访问,这里需要用php 处理一下
例如允许 www.client.com 与 www.client2.com 可以跨域访问
server.php 修改为
<?php $ret = array ( 'name' => isset( $_POST [ 'name' ])? $_POST [ 'name' ] : '' , 'gender' => isset( $_POST [ 'gender' ])? $_POST [ 'gender' ] : '' ); header('content-type:application:json;charset=utf8' ); $origin = isset( $_SERVER [ 'HTTP_ORIGIN' ])? $_SERVER [ 'HTTP_ORIGIN' ] : '' ; $allow_origin = array ( 'http://www.client.com' , 'http://www.client2.com' ); if (in_array( $origin , $allow_origin )){ header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:' . $origin ); header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:POST' ); header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with,content-type' ); } echo json_encode( $ret ); ?>