AGTC
Description Let x and y be two strings over some finite alphabet A. We would like to transform x into y allowing only operations given below:
Certainly, we would like to minimize the number of all possible operations. IllustrationA G T A A G T * A G G C | | | | | | | A G T * C * T G A C G CDeletion: * in the bottom line This tells us that to transform x = AGTCTGACGC into y = AGTAAGTAGGC we would be required to perform 5 operations (2 changes, 2 deletions and 1 insertion). If we want to minimize the number operations, we should do it like A G T A A G T A G G C | | | | | | | A G T C T G * A C G C and 4 moves would be required (3 changes and 1 deletion). In this problem we would always consider strings x and y to be fixed, such that the number of letters in x is m and the number of letters in y is n where n ≥ m. Assign 1 as the cost of an operation performed. Otherwise, assign 0 if there is no operation performed. Write a program that would minimize the number of possible operations to transform any string x into a string y. Input The input consists of the strings x and y prefixed by their respective lengths, which are within 1000. Output An integer representing the minimum number of possible operations to transform any string x into a string y. Sample Input 10 AGTCTGACGC 11 AGTAAGTAGGC Sample Output 4 Source |
状态转移方程:
dp[i][j] 表示字符串A判断到位置 i ,B判断到位置j需要的最少次数。
一:A[i] == B[j] 此时 dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
二:A[i] != B[j] 此时有三种情况可以导致我们上面设计的状态会发生转移。
①、我们可以在 B[j]后面插入一个核苷酸(即一个字符)ch,ch==A[i],这样做的话,
至少需要 dp[i - 1][j] + 1步操作,即 dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + 1。
②、我们可以删除 B[j],这样的话,B[1...j] 变为A[1...i] 需要 dp[i][j - 1]步,
即 dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + 1。
③、我们也可以考虑修改 B[j],使它变为A[i],那修改相当于用了 1 步。
所以 dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1。
从上面三种状态转移中选择一个最小值就可以了。
处理边界:
处理好边界非常重要,这里需要注意的是对dp[0][0....m],dp[0.....n][0]的初始化,
可以这样看,dp[0][i],就是说A[1...n]是一个空串,而B[1...m]是个长度为i的串,
很显然B串变为A串就是删除i个核苷酸。
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1000 + 5;
char A[maxn], B[maxn];
int dp[maxn][maxn];
int len1, len2;
void init()
{
memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));
int Len = max(len1, len2);
for (int i = 0; i <= Len; i++) //处理边界
dp[i][0] = dp[0][i] = i;
}
int solve()
{
for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < len2; j++) //状态转移,选三种状态中最小的
{
if (A[i] == B[j])
dp[i + 1][j + 1] = dp[i][j];
else
dp[i + 1][j + 1] = min(dp[i][j] + 1, min(dp[i + 1][j] + 1, dp[i][j + 1] + 1));
}
}
return dp[len1][len2];
}
int main()
{
while (~scanf("%d%s", &len1, A))
{
scanf("%d%s", &len2, B);
init();
printf("%d\n", solve());
}
return 0;
}