Java的JDBC数据库连接池实现方法

Java程序员都很羡慕Windows ADO ，只需要new Connection 就可以直接从数据库连接池中返回Connection。并且 ADO Connection 是线程安全的，多个线程可以共用一个Connection，所以ASP程序一般都把getConnection 放在 Global.asa 文件中，在 IIS 启动时建立数据库连接。ADO 的Connection 和Result 都有很好的缓冲，并且很容易使用。 

其实我们可以自己写一个JDBC数据库连接池。 

写JDBC connection pool 的注意事项有： 

1. 有一个简单的函数从连接池中得到一个 Connection。 

2. close 函数必须将connection 放回 数据库连接池。 

3. 当数据库连接池中没有空闲的connection，数据库连接池必须能够自动增加connection 个数。 

4. 当数据库连接池中的connection 个数在某一个特别的时间变得很大，但是以后很长时间只用其中一小部分，应该可以自动将多余的connection 关闭掉。 

5. 如果可能，应该提供debug 信息报告没有关闭的new Connection 。 

如果要new Connection 就可以直接从数据库连接池中返回Connection， 可以这样写( Mediator pattern ) (以下代码中使用了中文全角空格)： 

public class EasyConnection implements java.sql.Connection{  
private Connection m_delegate = null;  
public EasyConnection(){  
m_delegate = getConnectionFromPool();  
}  
　public void close(){  
putConnectionBackToPool(m_delegate);  
}  
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException{  
m_delegate.prepareStatement(sql);  
}  
//...... other method  
} 
看来并不难。不过不建议这种写法，因为应该尽量避免使用Java Interface, 关于Java Interface 的缺点我另外再写文章讨论。大家关注的是Connection Pool 的实现方法。下面给出一种实现方法。 

import java.sql.*;  
import java.lang.reflect.*;  
import java.util.*;  
import java.io.*;  

public class SimpleConnetionPool {  
private static LinkedList m_notUsedConnection = new LinkedList();  
private static HashSet m_usedUsedConnection = new HashSet();  
private static String m_url = "";  
private static String m_user = "";  
private static String m_password = "";  
static final boolean DEBUG = true;  
static private long m_lastClearClosedConnection = System.currentTimeMillis();  
public static long CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME = 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000; //4 hours  

static {  
initDriver();  
}  

private SimpleConnetionPool() {  
}  

private static void initDriver() {  
Driver driver = null;  
//load mysql driver  
try {  
driver = (Driver) Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();  
installDriver(driver);  
} catch (Exception e) {  
}  

//load postgresql driver  
try {  
driver = (Driver) Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver").newInstance();  
installDriver(driver);  
} catch (Exception e) {  
}  
}  

public static void installDriver(Driver driver) {  
try {  
DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);  
} catch (Exception e) {  
e.printStackTrace();  
}  
}  


public static synchronized Connection getConnection() {  
clearClosedConnection();  
while (m_notUsedConnection.size() > 0) {  
try {  
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();  
if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {  
continue;  
}  
m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);  
if (DEBUG) {  
wrapper.debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");  
}  
return wrapper.connection;  
} catch (Exception e) {  
}  
}  
int newCount = getIncreasingConnectionCount();  
LinkedList list = new LinkedList();  
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = null;  
for (int i = 0; i < newCount; i++) {  
wrapper = getNewConnection();  
if (wrapper != null) {  
list.add(wrapper);  
}  
}  
if (list.size() == 0) {  
return null;  
}  
wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) list.removeFirst();  
m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);  

m_notUsedConnection.addAll(list);  
list.clear();  

return wrapper.connection;  
}  

private static ConnectionWrapper getNewConnection() {  
try {  
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url, m_user, m_password);  
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = new ConnectionWrapper(con);  
return wrapper;  
} catch (Exception e) {  
e.printStackTrace();  
}  
return null;  
}  

static synchronized void pushConnectionBackToPool(ConnectionWrapper con) {  
boolean exist = m_usedUsedConnection.remove(con);  
if (exist) {  
m_notUsedConnection.addLast(con);  
}  
}  

public static int close() {  
int count = 0;  

Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();  
while (iterator.hasNext()) {  
try {  
( (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next()).close();  
count++;  
} catch (Exception e) {  
}  
}  
m_notUsedConnection.clear();  

iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();  
while (iterator.hasNext()) {  
try {  
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();  
wrapper.close();  
if (DEBUG) {  
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();  
}  
count++;  
} catch (Exception e) {  
}  
}  
m_usedUsedConnection.clear();  

return count;  
}  

private static void clearClosedConnection() {  
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();  
//sometimes user change system time,just return  
if (time < m_lastClearClosedConnection) {  
time = m_lastClearClosedConnection;  
return;  
}  
//no need check very often  
if (time - m_lastClearClosedConnection < CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME) {  
return;  
}  
m_lastClearClosedConnection = time;  

//begin check  
Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();  
while (iterator.hasNext()) {  
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();  
try {  
if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {  
iterator.remove();  
}  
} catch (Exception e) {  
iterator.remove();  
if (DEBUG) {  
System.out.println("connection is closed, this connection initial StackTrace");  
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();  
}  
}  
}  

//make connection pool size smaller if too big  
int decrease = getDecreasingConnectionCount();  
if (m_notUsedConnection.size() < decrease) {  
return;  
}  

while (decrease-- > 0) {  
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();  
try {  
wrapper.connection.close();  
} catch (Exception e) {  
}  
}  
}  

/**  
* get increasing connection count, not just add 1 connection  
* @return count  
*/ 
public static int getIncreasingConnectionCount() {  
int count = 1;  
int current = getConnectionCount();  
count = current / 4;  
if (count < 1) {  
count = 1;  
}  
return count;  
}  

/**  
* get decreasing connection count, not just remove 1 connection  
* @return count  
*/ 
public static int getDecreasingConnectionCount() {  
int count = 0;  
int current = getConnectionCount();  
if (current < 10) {  
return 0;  
}  
return current / 3;  
}  

public synchronized static void printDebugMsg() {  
printDebugMsg(System.out);  
}  

public synchronized static void printDebugMsg(PrintStream out) {  
if (DEBUG == false) {  
return;  
}  
StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();  
msg.append("debug message in " + SimpleConnetionPool.class.getName());  
msg.append("\r\n");  
msg.append("total count is connection pool: " + getConnectionCount());  
msg.append("\r\n");  
msg.append("not used connection count: " + getNotUsedConnectionCount());  
msg.append("\r\n");  
msg.append("used connection, count: " + getUsedConnectionCount());  
out.println(msg);  
Iterator iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();  
while (iterator.hasNext()) {  
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();  
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace(out);  
}  
out.println();  
}  

public static synchronized int getNotUsedConnectionCount() {  
return m_notUsedConnection.size();  
}  

public static synchronized int getUsedConnectionCount() {  
return m_usedUsedConnection.size();  
}  

public static synchronized int getConnectionCount() {  
return m_notUsedConnection.size() + m_usedUsedConnection.size();  
}  

public static String getUrl() {  
return m_url;  
}  

public static void setUrl(String url) {  
if (url == null) {  
return;  
}  
m_url = url.trim();  
}  

public static String getUser() {  
return m_user;  
}  

public static void setUser(String user) {  
if (user == null) {  
return;  
}  
m_user = user.trim();  
}  

public static String getPassword() {  
return m_password;  
}  

public static void setPassword(String password) {  
if (password == null) {  
return;  
}  
m_password = password.trim();  
}  

}  

class ConnectionWrapper implements InvocationHandler {  
private final static String CLOSE_METHOD_NAME = "close";  
public Connection connection = null;  
private Connection m_originConnection = null;  
public long lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();  
Throwable debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");  

ConnectionWrapper(Connection con) {  
this.connection = (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(  
con.getClass().getClassLoader(),  
con.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);  
m_originConnection = con;  
}  

void close() throws SQLException {  
m_originConnection.close();  
}  

public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable {  
Object obj = null;  
if (CLOSE_METHOD_NAME.equals(m.getName())) {  
SimpleConnetionPool.pushConnectionBackToPool(this);  
}  
else {  
obj = m.invoke(m_originConnection, args);  
}  
lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();  
return obj;  
}  
} 
使用方法 

public class TestConnectionPool{  
public static void main(String[] args) {  
SimpleConnetionPool.setUrl(DBTools.getDatabaseUrl());  
SimpleConnetionPool.setUser(DBTools.getDatabaseUserName());  
SimpleConnetionPool.setPassword(DBTools.getDatabasePassword());  

Connection con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();  
Connection con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();  
Connection con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();  

//do something with con ...  

try {  
con.close();  
} catch (Exception e) {}  

try {  
con1.close();  
} catch (Exception e) {}  

try {  
con2.close();  
} catch (Exception e) {}  

con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();  
con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();  
try {  
con1.close();  
} catch (Exception e) {}  

con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();  
SimpleConnetionPool.printDebugMsg();  

}  

}

转自:http://developer.51cto.com/art/200907/137300.htm