Linux 网卡配置

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-04 15:54:39 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Jonathan158/article/details/78538641

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Linux中不同distribution中配置网络的方法大同小异。以下介绍RHEL6系列，SUSE11， Ubuntu12.04的配置
CentOS，RHEL
ethtool -p eth0 10
操作完毕后，看哪块网卡的led灯在闪，eth0就对应着哪块网卡
/etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes # 系统启动时是否启动网络
HOSTNAME=zhubinqiangPC # 定义主机名
NETWORKING=yes # 系统启动时是否启动网络
HOSTNAME=zhubinqiangPC # 定义主机名

/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 得到网卡的MAC地址
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:58:5f:4b", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:58:5f:4b", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 配置网卡
配置项有很多个，以下只列出部分重要的。具体可以参考 /usr/share/doc/initscripts-*/sysconfig.txt
DEVICE=eth0 # 网卡代号，必须与ifcfg-eth0相对于
HWADDR=00:0c:29:58:5f:4b # MAC 地址，如果只有一个网卡，可以省略
TYPE=Ethernet # 网络接口格式这里是以太网格式
UUID=371ea884-5bb7-4e03-9913-127fd7e787ae # nmcli con 可得到未知什么意思
ONBOOT=yes # 开机启动
NM_CONTROLLED=yes # controlled by NetworkManager
BOOTPROTO=static # static 和 none 功能相同，表示手动配置， dhcp表示动态获取IP
IPADDR=192.168.1.211 # IP 地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 # 默认网关，如果有多个网卡配置文件只须配置一个即可
USERCTL=no # 是否允许非root用户控制该设备
PEERDNS=yes # yes表示由DHCP来获取DNS， no表示 /etc/resolv.conf 来控制
IPV6INIT=no # 是否允许IPV6
DEVICE=eth0 # 网卡代号，必须与ifcfg-eth0相对于
HWADDR=00:0c:29:58:5f:4b # MAC 地址，如果只有一个网卡，可以省略
TYPE=Ethernet # 网络接口格式这里是以太网格式
UUID=371ea884-5bb7-4e03-9913-127fd7e787ae # nmcli con 可得到未知什么意思
ONBOOT=yes # 开机启动
NM_CONTROLLED=yes # controlled by NetworkManager
BOOTPROTO=static # static 和 none 功能相同，表示手动配置， dhcp表示动态获取IP
IPADDR=192.168.1.211 # IP 地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 # 默认网关，如果有多个网卡配置文件只须配置一个即可
USERCTL=no # 是否允许非root用户控制该设备
PEERDNS=yes # yes表示由DHCP来获取DNS， no表示 /etc/resolv.conf 来控制
IPV6INIT=no # 是否允许IPV6
修改完配置文件要重启网络
/etc/init.d/network restart
/etc/init.d/network restart

通过ifconfig来配置网络
查看所有网卡
ifconfig -a
ifconfig -a

此配置在重启网络后会失效，恢复为ifcfg-eth0为主的配置
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211/24
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211/24

修改网卡MAC地址
[ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:0C:29:58:5F:4C
ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:0C:29:58:5F:4C
开启和禁用网卡
ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth0 down

ifup和ifdown来激活与关闭网卡
用ifup来激活 ifcfg-eth0文件要配置正确，实际是通过/sbin/ifup 来调用相关脚本。
注意一旦用ifconfig 来激活就不能用ifdown来关闭。一定要ifconfig才行。因为ifdown会比较当前网络与ifcfg-eth0是否相同，如果不同放弃ifdown的操作
ifup eth0 #激活
ifdown eth0 #关闭
ifconfig eth0 up #激活
ifconfig eth0 down #关闭
ifup eth0 #激活
ifdown eth0 #关闭

ifconfig eth0 up #激活
ifconfig eth0 down #关闭

/etc/resolv.conf 定义DNS服务器
# Generated by NetworkManager
domain localdomain
search localdomain # 查找计算机名是默认属于该域
nameserver 192.168.157.2 # DNS 服务器地址，可以配置多个
# Generated by NetworkManager
domain localdomain
search localdomain # 查找计算机名是默认属于该域
nameserver 192.168.157.2 # DNS 服务器地址，可以配置多个

通过DHCP获取IP
通过修改ifcfg-ethX的BOOTPROTO=dhcp并重启网络或者以下方法
dhclient eth0
dhclient eth0

/etc/hosts 配置
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

修改hostname
1.修改/etc/sysconfig/network
2.修改/etc/hosts

Ubuntu12.04
参考官方文档 https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/network-configuration.html
通过lshw 得到MAC地址
lshw -c network
lshw -c network
*-network
                description: Ethernet interface
                product: 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
                vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics)
                physical id: 1
                bus info: pci@0000:02:01.0
                logical name: eth0
                version: 10
                serial: 00:0c:29:77:82:a2
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: bus_master rom ethernet physical logical
                configuration: broadcast=yes driver=pcnet32 driverversion=1.35 ip=192.168.157.183 latency=64 link=yes maxlatency=255 mingnt=6 multicast=yes
                resources: irq:19 ioport:2000(size=128) memory:d8400000-d840ffff

/etc/network/interfaces 配置网卡
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static # 如果是dhcp 则把static改为dhcp
hwaddress ether 00:13:20:f9:f4:d3 #MAC
address 192.168.1.10 # IP 地址
netmask 255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码
gateway 192.168.1.1 # 网关
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static # 如果是dhcp 则把static改为dhcp
hwaddress ether 00:13:20:f9:f4:d3 #MAC
address 192.168.1.10 # IP 地址
netmask 255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码
gateway 192.168.1.1 # 网关

重启网络生效配置
/etc/init.d/networking restart
/etc/init.d/networking restart

/etc/hosts 配置
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 zbq-pc
192.168.157.136 zbq-pc
192.168.157.151 itms-server
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 zbq-pc
192.168.157.136 zbq-pc
192.168.157.151 itms-server

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

hostname 修改 /etc/hostname

SUSE11
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 查看MAC
修改 /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO='dhcp'
BROADCAST=''
ETHTOOL_OPTIONS=''
IPADDR=''
MTU=''
NAME='82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)'
NETMASK=''
NETWORK=''
REMOTE_IPADDR=''
STARTMODE='auto'
USERCONTROL='no'
BOOTPROTO='dhcp'
BROADCAST=''
ETHTOOL_OPTIONS=''
IPADDR=''
MTU=''
NAME='82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)'
NETMASK=''
NETWORK=''
REMOTE_IPADDR=''
STARTMODE='auto'
USERCONTROL='no'
重启网络
/etc/init.d/network restart
/etc/init.d/network restart

修改hostname：/etc/HOSTNAME

查看Linux下网卡连接状态（up还是down)?
2011-09-16 11:28:22|  分类： linux |  标签： |举报 |字号大中小订阅

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第1种方法
    [root@localhost /]# ifconfig -a
    eth0   Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:09:6B:09:08:FC
          inet addr:192.168.10.1 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::209:6bff:fe09:8fc/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:106732953 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:104379788 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
          RX bytes:2351331877 (2.1 GiB) TX bytes:391707945 (373.5 MiB)
          Base address:0x2500 Memory:fbfe0000-fc000000
   eth1    Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:09:6B:09:08:FD
          BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
          Base address:0x2540 Memory:fbfc0000-fbfe0000

[root@localhost /root]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:DB:41:08:1B
          inet addr:211.100.10.235 Bcast:211.100.10.235 Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:178812 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:153415 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
          RX bytes:33094019 (31.5 MiB) TX bytes:71911163 (68.5 MiB)
          Base address:0x8f00 Memory:fd6e0000-fd700000
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:DB:41:08:1C
          inet addr:192.168.1.115 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:13805 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:11356 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1520439 (1.4 MiB) TX bytes:5406527 (5.1 MiB)
          Base address:0x7f00 Memory:fd2e0000-fd300000
eth2      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:DB:41:08:1D
          inet addr:202.194.99.62 Bcast:202.194.99.62 Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:158024 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:182280 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:74748049 (71.2 MiB) TX bytes:33535454 (31.9 MiB)
          Base address:0xdf00 Memory:fdee0000-fdf00000
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
          RX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:12978 (12.6 kiB) TX bytes:12978 (12.6 kiB)
第二种方法，通过mii-tool指令

       [root@localhost root]# mii-tool
         eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
        eth1: no link
       或
       [root@localhost root]# mii-tool -v
        eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
         product info: vendor 00:50:43, model 2 rev 3
          basic mode:   autonegotiation enabled
          basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
         capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
          advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
         link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
        eth1: no link
          product info: vendor 00:50:43, model 2 rev 3
          basic mode:   autonegotiation enabled
           basic status: no link
          capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
          advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
       或
      [root@localhost root]# mii-tool -w
       21:20:33 eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
        21:20:33 eth1: no link
第三种方法
ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
        Link detected: yes

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Linux 网卡配置

编辑删除 Linux中不同distribution中配置网络的方法大同小异。以下介绍RHEL6系列，SUSE11， Ubuntu12.04的配置CentOS，RHELethtool -p eth0 10操作完毕后，看哪块网卡的led灯在闪，eth0就对应着哪块网卡 /etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yes
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