私有成员函数外部访问方法

通常私有成员是在类外不能访问的，但是，也有例外的情况。当派生类将基类中的public权限的虚函数（纯虚函数）

重载为private或protected时，可以通过使用基类的指针在外部访问该函数。实例程序如下：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class ANAME
{
public:
	virtual void AddNum() = 0;
};
class BNAME : public ANAME
{
	virtual void AddNum(){cout <<(a+b) <<endl;}
	int a;
	int b;
public:
	void getnum()
	{
		cin >>a >>b;
	}
};
int main()
{
	cout <<"Hello World!" <<endl;
	ANAME* pAname = NULL;
	BNAME* pBname = new BNAME;
	pAname = pBname;
	pBname->getnum();
	cout <<"ANAME指针调用 a+b:" <<endl;
	pAname->AddNum();
//	cout <<"BNAME指针调用 a+b:" <<endl;
	//pBname->AddNum();  //提示私有成员函数 不能在外部访问
	return 0;
}

但这并不是C++的缺陷或设计者所忽视的问题。

参考C++ Standard ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) 第11.6节

11.6 Access to virtual functions [class.access.virt]

The access rules (clause 11) for a virtual function are determined by its declaration and are not affected by the rules for a function that later overrides it. [Example:
class B {
public:
virtual int f();
};
class D : public B {
private:
int f();
};
void f()
{
D d;
B* pb = &d;
D* pd = &d;
pb->f(); //OK: B::f() is public,
// D::f() is invoked
pd->f(); //error: D::f() is private
}
—end example]

Access is checked at the call point using the type of the expression used to denote the object for which the member function is called (B* in the example above). The access of the member function in the class in which it was defined (D in the example above) is in general not known.