使用LINQ查询Excel文件

 http://blog.csdn.net/net_lover/archive/2008/01/27/2068933.aspx

 

LINQ是Visual Studio 2008及其以后版本中提供的功能，将强大的查询扩展到C#和VB.NET语言语法之中。LINQ提供了标准、简单的模式来查询和更新数据，同时还允许程序开发人员进行扩展，支持任何类型的数据存储。Visual Studio 2008包含了LINQ提供者程序集，能够对.NET Framework集合，内存中的对象数组，SQL Server数据库，ADO.NET Dataset和XML文档进行语言集成的查询。另外，我们也可以自己编写LINQ提供者，提供对任何类型数据的查询，只要实现了IEnumerable或者IEnumerable<T> (C#)或 IEnumerable (Of T) (Visual Basic)的数据类型，都可以进行使用LINQ进行操作。我们可以使用完全相同的语法查询SQL数据库、XML文档、ADO.NET的Dataset（DataTable）、内存中的集合对象，以及任何支持LINQ的远程或者本地数据源。在LINQ查询中，只与对象打交道，因此，可以完全不需要知道数据存储的数据源，而且采用的编程模型和语法也完全相同。

所有的LINQ查询基本上都是由3个基本的操作组成：得到数据源，创建查询和执行查询3个过程。数据的获得是在执行查询的时候完成的。在上一部分的例子（http://blog.csdn.net/net_lover/archive/2008/01/23/2060425.aspx）中，

NorthWindDataContext NorthWind = new NorthWindDataContext();
是得到数据源

var query = from c in NorthWind.Customers where c.Country == "USA" select new { c.Country, c.CompanyName };
是创建查询，此时并没有对数据执行任何操作，

GridView2.DataSource = query;
GridView2.DataBind();
在数据绑定时，才真正得到数据。

但是，有的查询需要立即执行，将结果放在内存中，可以调用查询或者查询变量的ToList<(Of <TSource>)> 或者 ToArray<(Of <TSource>)>方法。例如：

var query2 = from c in NorthWind.Customers where c.Country == "USA" select new { c.Country, c.CompanyName };
var query3 = query2.ToList();
好，既然说LINQ可以查询任何类型的数据，下面，咱们就试试如何查询一个Excel文件（说明：本程序在Excel 2003下今天测试的，在Excel2007中可能更简单，不过没有测试。运行本程序可能需要采用模拟或者调整Excel.exe的权限，另外注意：使用之前需要引用COM：Microsoft Office 11.0 Object Library
如果引用列表中没有，需要自行添加 C:/Program Files/Microsoft Office/OFFICE11/EXCEL.EXE）。
1，先准备一个Book1.xls，文件内容如下（将下面的XML文件在Excel里打开，另存为Book1.xls即可）：

 

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?mso-application progid="Excel.Sheet"?>
<Workbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"
 xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"
 xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"
 xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"
 xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
 <DocumentProperties xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
  <Author>zhy</Author>
  <LastAuthor>zhy</LastAuthor>
  <Created>2008-01-25T13:13:34Z</Created>
  <LastSaved>2008-01-26T13:10:56Z</LastSaved>
  <Version>11.9999</Version>
 </DocumentProperties>
 <ExcelWorkbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
  <WindowHeight>13050</WindowHeight>
  <WindowWidth>16020</WindowWidth>
  <WindowTopX>0</WindowTopX>
  <WindowTopY>105</WindowTopY>
  <ProtectStructure>False</ProtectStructure>
  <ProtectWindows>False</ProtectWindows>
 </ExcelWorkbook>
 <Styles>
  <Style ss:ID="Default" ss:Name="Normal">
   <Alignment ss:Vertical="Center"/>
   <Borders/>
   <Font ss:FontName="宋体" x:CharSet="134" ss:Size="12"/>
   <Interior/>
   <NumberFormat/>
   <Protection/>
  </Style>
 </Styles>
 <Worksheet ss:Name="Sheet1">
  <Table ss:ExpandedColumnCount="5" ss:ExpandedRowCount="21" x:FullColumns="1"
   x:FullRows="1" ss:DefaultColumnWidth="54" ss:DefaultRowHeight="14.25">
   <Column ss:Index="3" ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="102"/>
   <Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="263.25"/>
   <Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="246.75"/>
   <Row ss:Index="2">
    <Cell ss:Index="2"><Data ss:Type="String">Category</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">CategoryID</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">CategoryName</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">1</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">ASP.NET</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">8</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">VB.NET</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">9</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Visual C#</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">11</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">XML/XSL</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">6</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Web Services</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">12</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">.NET FAQs</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row ss:Index="16">
    <Cell ss:Index="2"><Data ss:Type="String">Article</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">CategoryID</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Title</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Guid</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">1</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">ASP.NET2.0中将文件上传到数据库 </Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">17612afb-3fc0-4fb9-bfa9-00cba28336e9</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">1</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">不经保存，直接读取上传文件的内容 </Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">78280914-a75c-40dc-9dac-322b3d81be35</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">1</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">一次编辑 GridView 的所有行 </Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">a933b187-06c3-4263-9eec-414a54d9c815</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">11</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">创建、查询、修改带名称空间的 XML 文件的例子</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">7b4c7a42-4cdf-40d1-b293-e86da109a34c</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row>
    <Cell ss:Index="3"><Data ss:Type="Number">11</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">用XSL把XML的数据转换成完美的多列表格形式</Data></Cell>
    <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">yawo3qgm-xd53-4d3d-oybr-blsbx5bngaym</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
  </Table>
  <WorksheetOptions xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
   <Print>
    <ValidPrinterInfo/>
    <PaperSizeIndex>9</PaperSizeIndex>
    <HorizontalResolution>200</HorizontalResolution>
    <VerticalResolution>200</VerticalResolution>
   </Print>
   <Selected/>
   <Panes>
    <Pane>
     <Number>3</Number>
     <ActiveRow>6</ActiveRow>
     <ActiveCol>2</ActiveCol>
    </Pane>
   </Panes>
   <ProtectObjects>False</ProtectObjects>
   <ProtectScenarios>False</ProtectScenarios>
  </WorksheetOptions>
 </Worksheet>
 <Worksheet ss:Name="Sheet2">
  <Table ss:ExpandedColumnCount="0" ss:ExpandedRowCount="0" x:FullColumns="1"
   x:FullRows="1" ss:DefaultColumnWidth="54" ss:DefaultRowHeight="14.25"/>
  <WorksheetOptions xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
   <ProtectObjects>False</ProtectObjects>
   <ProtectScenarios>False</ProtectScenarios>
  </WorksheetOptions>
 </Worksheet>
 <Worksheet ss:Name="Sheet3">
  <Table ss:ExpandedColumnCount="0" ss:ExpandedRowCount="0" x:FullColumns="1"
   x:FullRows="1" ss:DefaultColumnWidth="54" ss:DefaultRowHeight="14.25"/>
  <WorksheetOptions xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
   <ProtectObjects>False</ProtectObjects>
   <ProtectScenarios>False</ProtectScenarios>
  </WorksheetOptions>
 </Worksheet>
</Workbook>

2，创建aspx：

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="LinqExcel.aspx.cs" Debug="true"
    Inherits="LinqExcel" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title>LINQ to Excel</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false" CellPadding="4">
            <Columns>
                <asp:HyperLinkField DataNavigateUrlFields="CategoryID" Target="_blank"
                    DataNavigateUrlFormatString="http://dotnet.aspx.cc/ShowList.aspx?id={0}"
                    HeaderText="栏目" DataTextField="CategoryName" DataTextFormatString="【{0}】" />
                <asp:HyperLinkField DataNavigateUrlFields="ArticleGuid" Target="_blank"
                    DataNavigateUrlFormatString="http://dotnet.aspx.cc/article/{0}/read.aspx"
                    HeaderText="文章标题" DataTextField="ArticleTitle" />
            </Columns>
        </asp:GridView>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

3，编写代码文件：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;

public partial class LinqExcel : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string f = Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/Book1.xls");
        Open(f);

    }
    public void Open(string FilePath)
    {
        m_objExcel = new Application();
        m_objExcel.Visible = false;
        m_objExcel.DisplayAlerts = false;

        if (m_objExcel.Version != "11.0")
        {
            Response.Write("您的 Excel 版本不是 11.0 （Office 2003），操作可能会出现问题。");
            m_objExcel.Quit();
            return;
        }

        m_objBooks = (Workbooks)m_objExcel.Workbooks;
        m_objBook = m_objBooks.Open(FilePath, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt);
        m_objSheets = (Sheets)m_objBook.Worksheets;
        m_objSheet = (_Worksheet)(m_objSheets.get_Item(1));
        List<Category> categorylist = LoadCategory();
        List<Article> articlelist = LoadArticle();

        var query = from art in articlelist
                    join cat in categorylist on art.CategoryID equals cat.CategoryID
                    select new { art.ArticleTitle, art.CategoryID, art.ArticleGuid, cat.CategoryName };

        GridView1.DataSource = query;
        GridView1.DataBind();

        this.Close();
        this.Dispose2();
    }

    private void Close()
    {
        m_objBook.Close(false, m_objOpt, m_objOpt);
        m_objExcel.Quit();

    }

    public void Dispose2()
    {
        ReleaseObj(m_objSheets);
        ReleaseObj(m_objBook);
        ReleaseObj(m_objBooks);
        ReleaseObj(m_objExcel);
        System.GC.Collect();
        System.GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
      
    }
    private void ReleaseObj(object o)
    {
        try
        {
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(o);
        }
        catch { }
        finally { o = null; }
    }

    private List<Category> LoadCategory()
    {
        List<Category> lc = new List<Category>();
        Category c;

        m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range("C2", "D8");
        for (int i = 1; i < m_objRange.Rows.Count; i++)
        {
            c = new Category();
            Range r = (Range)m_objRange.Cells[i + 1, 1];
            c.CategoryID = Convert.ToInt32(r.Value2);

            r = (Range)m_objRange.Cells[i + 1, 2];
            c.CategoryName = Convert.ToString(r.Value2);
            lc.Add(c);

        }
        return lc;

    }

    private List<Article> LoadArticle()
    {
        List<Article> al = new List<Article>();
        Article a;
        m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range("C16", "E21");
        for (int i = 1; i < m_objRange.Rows.Count; i++)
        {
            a = new Article();
            Range r = (Range)m_objRange.Cells[i + 1, 1];
            a.CategoryID = Convert.ToInt32(r.Value2);

            r = (Range)m_objRange.Cells[i + 1, 2];
            a.ArticleTitle = Convert.ToString(r.Value2);

            r = (Range)m_objRange.Cells[i + 1, 3];
            a.ArticleGuid = Convert.ToString(r.Value2);
            al.Add(a);

        }
        return al;
    }
    private Application m_objExcel = null;
    private Workbooks m_objBooks = null;
    private _Workbook m_objBook = null;
    private Sheets m_objSheets = null;
    private _Worksheet m_objSheet = null;
    private Range m_objRange = null;
    private object m_objOpt = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;

}
public class Category
{
    public Int32 CategoryID;
    public string CategoryName;
}

public class Article
{
    public Int32 CategoryID;
    public string ArticleTitle;
    public string ArticleGuid;
}

上面的代码将Excel中的两个区域分别放到了两个对象里面，利用对象进行LINQ查询。当然，这里的例子只是说明技术，在实际的应用中需要进行进一步的封装，也可能换别的方法。

4，运行结果：

 

由于LINQ可以自己定义提供者，因此，我们可以定义自己的数据源提供者。下面是网上写的一个LINQ to Excel Provider （作者是：http://solidcoding.blogspot.com/2007/12/linq-to-excel-provider.html）。其代码和使用方法如下：

LinqExcelProvider.cs：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.OleDb;

/// <summary>
/// Summary description for LinqExcelProvider
/// </summary>

public class ExcelRow
{
    List<object> columns;

    public ExcelRow()
    {
        columns = new List<object>();
    }

    internal void AddColumn(object value)
    {
        columns.Add(value);
    }

    public object this[int index]
    {
        get { return columns[index]; }
    }

    public string GetString(int index)
    {
        if (columns[index] is DBNull)
        {
            return null;
        }
        return columns[index].ToString();
    }

    public int Count
    {
        get { return this.columns.Count; }
    }
}

public class ExcelProvider : IEnumerable<ExcelRow>
{
    private string sheet;
    private string filePath;
    private List<ExcelRow> rows;

    public ExcelProvider()
    {
        rows = new List<ExcelRow>();
    }

    public static ExcelProvider Create(string filePath, string sheet)
    {
        ExcelProvider provider = new ExcelProvider();
        provider.sheet = sheet;
        provider.filePath = filePath;
        return provider;
    }

    private void Load()
    {
        string connectionString = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source={0};Extended Properties=""Excel 8.0;HDR=YES;""";
        connectionString = string.Format(connectionString, filePath);
        rows.Clear();
        using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connectionString))
        {
            conn.Open();
            using (OleDbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
            {
                cmd.CommandText = "select * from [" + sheet + "$]";
                using (OleDbDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader())
                {
                    while (reader.Read())
                    {
                        ExcelRow newRow = new ExcelRow();
                        for (int count = 0; count < reader.FieldCount; count++)
                        {
                            newRow.AddColumn(reader[count]);
                        }
                        rows.Add(newRow);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public IEnumerator<ExcelRow> GetEnumerator()
    {
        Load();
        return rows.GetEnumerator();
    }

    System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        Load();
        return rows.GetEnumerator();
    }

}

使用方法：

ExcelProvider provider = ExcelProvider.Create(Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/Book2.xls"), "Sheet1");
foreach (ExcelRow row in (from x in provider select x))
{
    Response.Write("<li>" + row.GetString(0) + " " + row.GetString(1));
}
这样，查询数据就很方便了。