Android测试工具中,Monkey Runner只要简单几个指令即可,但他的局限性在于都是基于像素位置操作,不具备移植性。
而采用uiautomator编写的自动化测试工具则可以实现基于UiSelector选择直接操作uiObject来编写基于属性操作具备移植性的测试。
注:
但uiautomator有版本限制,android官方给出的版本条件如下,若低于这些版本请先下载新版本
Android SDK Tools, Revision 21 or higher
Android SDK Platform, API 16 or higher
uiautomator使用步骤介绍(史上最简单)
1.需要下载ant,并设置ant为环境变量
2.创建新的Java项目(注意不是Android项目)。在该项目中来创建测试代码。
在Project Explorer视图中,右键点击测试项目,选择“ Properties > Java Build Path”,然后选择“Libraries” tab界面。在“Libraries”界面选择“ Add Library > JUnit”来添加JUnit3 库或JUnit4库。然后点击“Add External JARs… ”并导航到Android SDK目录。选择platforms目录下面的 uiautomator.jar 和 android.jar文件。
3.将UiAutomatorHelper.java和test.java复制进之前创建的Java项目(注意包名)。
4.在test.java的videoPlayertest()方法中写测试执行步骤。
5.运行test.java。发现手机已经在做自动化测试了。
因为集成封装了UiAutomatorHelper.java和test.java,我们只需要在第四步写测试步骤,后期的各种命令行输入都不需要了,是不是很简单。
UiAutomatorHelper.java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
public class UiAutomatorHelper
{
// 以下参数需要配置,用例集id,用例id,安卓id
private static String android_id = "3";
private static String jar_name = "";
private static String test_class = "";
private static String test_name = "";
// 工作空间不需要配置,自动获取工作空间目录
private static String workspace_path;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
}
public UiAutomatorHelper()
{
workspace_path = getWorkSpase();
System.out.println("---工作空间:\t\n" + getWorkSpase());
}
/**
* 需求:UI工程调试构造器,输入jar包名,包名,类名,用例名
* @param jarName
* @param testClass
* @param testName
* @param androidId
*/
public UiAutomatorHelper(String jarName, String testClass, String testName, String androidId)
{
System.out.println("-----------start--uiautomator--debug-------------");
workspace_path = getWorkSpase();
System.out.println("----工作空间:\t\n" + getWorkSpase());
jar_name = jarName;
test_class = testClass;
test_name = testName;
android_id = androidId;
runUiautomator();
System.out.println("*******************");
System.out.println("---FINISH DEBUG----");
System.out.println("*******************");
}
// 运行步骤
private void runUiautomator()
{
creatBuildXml();
modfileBuild();
buildWithAnt();
if(System.getProperty("os.name").equals("Linux"))
{
pushTestJar(workspace_path + "/bin/" + jar_name + ".jar");
}
else
{
pushTestJar(workspace_path + "\\bin\\" + jar_name + ".jar");
}
if(test_name.equals(""))
{
runTest(jar_name, test_class);
return;
}
runTest(jar_name, test_class + "#" + test_name);
}
// 1--判断是否有build
public boolean isBuild()
{
File buildFile = new File("build.xml");
if(buildFile.exists())
{
return true;
}
// 创建build.xml
execCmd("cmd /c android create uitest-project -n " + jar_name + " -t " + android_id + " -p " + workspace_path);
return false;
}
// 创建build.xml
public void creatBuildXml()
{
execCmd("cmd /c android create uitest-project -n " + jar_name + " -t " + android_id + " -p " + "\""
+ workspace_path + "\"");
}
// 2---修改build
public void modfileBuild()
{
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
try
{
File file = new File("build.xml");
if(file.isFile() && file.exists())
{ // 判断文件是否存在
InputStreamReader read = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file));
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(read);
String lineTxt = null;
while((lineTxt = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null)
{
if(lineTxt.matches(".*help.*"))
{
lineTxt = lineTxt.replaceAll("help", "build");
// System.out.println("修改后: " + lineTxt);
}
stringBuffer = stringBuffer.append(lineTxt + "\t\n");
}
read.close();
}
else
{
System.out.println("找不到指定的文件");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println("读取文件内容出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("-----------------------");
// 修改后写回去
writerText("build.xml", new String(stringBuffer));
System.out.println("--------修改build完成---------");
}
// 3---ant 执行build
public void buildWithAnt()
{
if(System.getProperty("os.name").equals("Linux"))
{
execCmd("ant");
return;
}
execCmd("cmd /c ant");
}
// 4---push jar
public void pushTestJar(String localPath)
{
localPath = "\"" + localPath + "\"";
System.out.println("----jar包路径: " + localPath);
String pushCmd = "adb push " + localPath + " /data/local/tmp/";
System.out.println("----" + pushCmd);
execCmd(pushCmd);
}
// 运行测试
public void runTest(String jarName, String testName)
{
String runCmd = "adb shell uiautomator runtest ";
String testCmd = jarName + ".jar " + "--nohup -c " + testName;
System.out.println("----runTest: " + runCmd + testCmd);
execCmd(runCmd + testCmd);
}
public String getWorkSpase()
{
File directory = new File("");
String abPath = directory.getAbsolutePath();
return abPath;
}
/**
* 需求:执行cmd命令,且输出信息到控制台
* @param cmd
*/
public void execCmd(String cmd)
{
System.out.println("----execCmd: " + cmd);
try
{
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
// 正确输出流
InputStream input = p.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input));
String line = "";
while((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
System.out.println(line);
saveToFile(line, "runlog.log", false);
}
// 错误输出流
InputStream errorInput = p.getErrorStream();
BufferedReader errorReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(errorInput));
String eline = "";
while((eline = errorReader.readLine()) != null)
{
System.out.println(eline);
saveToFile(eline, "runlog.log", false);
}
}
catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 需求:写如内容到指定的文件中
*
* @param path
* 文件的路径
* @param content
* 写入文件的内容
*/
public void writerText(String path, String content)
{
File dirFile = new File(path);
if(!dirFile.exists())
{
dirFile.mkdir();
}
try
{
// new FileWriter(path + "t.txt", true) 这里加入true 可以不覆盖原有TXT文件内容 续写
BufferedWriter bw1 = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(path));
bw1.write(content);
bw1.flush();
bw1.close();
}
catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void saveToFile(String text, String path, boolean isClose)
{
File file = new File("runlog.log");
BufferedWriter bf = null;
try
{
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file, true);
OutputStreamWriter outWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
bf = new BufferedWriter(outWriter);
bf.append(text);
bf.newLine();
bf.flush();
if(isClose)
{
bf.close();
}
}
catch(FileNotFoundException e1)
{
e1.printStackTrace();
}
catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}