设计模式——观察者模式（Observer)

观察者模式（Observer)是一种一对多的关系，即多个观察者共同与同一个被观察者之间的联系； 这种模式的好处在于解耦合。

1、模式中的角色对象

抽象主题（Subject类）：抽象主题即被观察者类的接口，为具体主题提供抽象接口

具体主题（ConcreteSubject类）：一个有具体实现的主题类（被观察者类）

抽象观察者（Observer类）：观察者类的抽象接口

具体观察者（ConcreteObserver类）：实现抽象观察者接口的具体观察者类

2、角色关系图

3、实例

描述：假设某气象站要将实时天气信息公布在显示屏幕上，即当气象数据发生变量便马上更新显示屏内容

a.Subject接口

public interface Subject {
	public abstract void registerObserver(Observer o);
	public abstract void removeObserver(Observer o);
	public abstract void notifyObservers();

}

b. ConcreteSubject类

import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.interfaces.Observer;
import com.interfaces.Subject;
public class WeatherData implements Subject {
	private ArrayList observers;
	private float temperature;
	private float humidity;
	private float pressure;
	public WeatherData() {
		observers=new ArrayList();
	}
	@Override
	public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		observers.add(o);
	}
	@Override
	public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		int i=observers.indexOf(o);
		if(i>=0){
			observers.remove(i);
		}
	}
	@Override
	public void notifyObservers() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		for(int i=0;i<observers.size();i++){
			Observer observer=(Observer)observers.get(i);
			observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
		}
	}
	public void setMeasurements(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure){
		this.temperature=temperature;
		this.humidity=humidity;
		this.pressure=pressure;
		notifyObservers();
	}

}

c. Observer接口

public interface Observer {
	public abstract void update(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure);
}

d.ConcreteObserver类

import com.interfaces.DisplayElement;
import com.interfaces.Observer;
import com.interfaces.Subject;

public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer {

	private float temperature;
	private float humidity;
	private float pressure;
	private Subject weatherData;
	
	public CurrentConditionDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
		this.weatherData=weatherData;
		weatherData.registerObserver(this);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public void display() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("Current donditions: "+temperature+"F degrees and "
				+humidity+"% humidity"+" and pressure"+pressure);

	}
	@Override
	public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.temperature=temperature;
		this.humidity=humidity;
		this.pressure=pressure;
		display();
	}

}

后记：

积跬步  至千里