特别声明:
*由于技术水平,英文水平有限,可能出现不当或错误,希望自己以后回头来看,不会笑掉大牙。
*本文是原创,转载请注明原地址。
*本文为学习笔记,请大家指正。
第一章 序列化
第1节 java.io.Serializable 接口
java语音的一个承若,对象的可移动性,允许对象在网络上传输,实现对象的可移动性,使用的是序列化技术。(PS. 记录这些概念的天赋,正如我的语言天赋,半桶水。所以不多说)
对象的序列化使用情形:
1. 将对象的状态保存(保存到数据库、文件等)
2. 网络通信传输对象(RMI,SOCKET)
有序列化自然有反序列化,当我们需要读取序列化的对象时,我们需要用到反序列化。
如何使用?
让我们需要序列化的类实现java.io.Serializable 接口即可,通过如下方法调用:
java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(Object)来序列化对象 java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject()来反序列化对象
关于具体如何使用将在下一节讨论。
注意:*******
我们实现Serlizable接口,即可实现序列化,但是有几点需要特别注意:
1、 实现接口后,我们需要定义static final long serialVersionUID (虽然在序列化的时候,如果没有定义,java会自动帮助我们生成,但是根据对象的状态的不一样,编译环境等,会有可能产生InvalidClassException。并且强烈建议定义成private,应为子类中改属性毫无意义。)
2、如果父类没有实现序列化接口,子类序列化无法序列化父类的属性,并且父类必须提供无参数的public protect构造方法(否则会抛出异常,反序列化时,会调用无参数构造方法,来初始化父类属性),所以父类的属性的序列化必须由子类来提供(可选择覆盖)。
3、序列化和反序列化的类信息必须一样,包括serialVersionUID。
4、 序列化时readObject方法只会读取non-static 和non-transient的属性。所以当不需要序列化时,可以定义属性为transient和static。
5、可以实现Externalizable接口来定制自己的序列化和反序列化内容。
完毕!
上源码!
/*
* Copyright (c) 1996, 2005, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
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*/
package java.io;
/**
* Serializability of a class is enabled by the class implementing the
* java.io.Serializable interface. Classes that do not implement this
* interface will not have any of their state serialized or
* deserialized. All subtypes of a serializable class are themselves
* serializable. The serialization interface has no methods or fields
* and serves only to identify the semantics of being serializable. <p>
*
* To allow subtypes of non-serializable classes to be serialized, the
* subtype may assume responsibility for saving and restoring the
* state of the supertype's public, protected, and (if accessible)
* package fields. The subtype may assume this responsibility only if
* the class it extends has an accessible no-arg constructor to
* initialize the class's state. It is an error to declare a class
* Serializable if this is not the case. The error will be detected at
* runtime. <p>
*
* During deserialization, the fields of non-serializable classes will
* be initialized using the public or protected no-arg constructor of
* the class. A no-arg constructor must be accessible to the subclass
* that is serializable. The fields of serializable subclasses will
* be restored from the stream. <p>
*
* When traversing a graph, an object may be encountered that does not
* support the Serializable interface. In this case the
* NotSerializableException will be thrown and will identify the class
* of the non-serializable object. <p>
*
* Classes that require special handling during the serialization and
* deserialization process must implement special methods with these exact
* signatures: <p>
*
* <PRE>
* private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream out)
* throws IOException
* private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream in)
* throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException;
* private void readObjectNoData()
* throws ObjectStreamException;
* </PRE>
*
* <p>The writeObject method is responsible for writing the state of the
* object for its particular class so that the corresponding
* readObject method can restore it. The default mechanism for saving
* the Object's fields can be invoked by calling
* out.defaultWriteObject. The method does not need to concern
* itself with the state belonging to its superclasses or subclasses.
* State is saved by writing the individual fields to the
* ObjectOutputStream using the writeObject method or by using the
* methods for primitive data types supported by DataOutput.
*
* <p>The readObject method is responsible for reading from the stream and
* restoring the classes fields. It may call in.defaultReadObject to invoke
* the default mechanism for restoring the object's non-static and
* non-transient fields. The defaultReadObject method uses information in
* the stream to assign the fields of the object saved in the stream with the
* correspondingly named fields in the current object. This handles the case
* when the class has evolved to add new fields. The method does not need to
* concern itself with the state belonging to its superclasses or subclasses.
* State is saved by writing the individual fields to the
* ObjectOutputStream using the writeObject method or by using the
* methods for primitive data types supported by DataOutput.
*
* <p>The readObjectNoData method is responsible for initializing the state of
* the object for its particular class in the event that the serialization
* stream does not list the given class as a superclass of the object being
* deserialized. This may occur in cases where the receiving party uses a
* different version of the deserialized instance's class than the sending
* party, and the receiver's version extends classes that are not extended by
* the sender's version. This may also occur if the serialization stream has
* been tampered; hence, readObjectNoData is useful for initializing
* deserialized objects properly despite a "hostile" or incomplete source
* stream.
*
* <p>Serializable classes that need to designate an alternative object to be
* used when writing an object to the stream should implement this
* special method with the exact signature: <p>
*
* <PRE>
* ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER Object writeReplace() throws ObjectStreamException;
* </PRE><p>
*
* This writeReplace method is invoked by serialization if the method
* exists and it would be accessible from a method defined within the
* class of the object being serialized. Thus, the method can have private,
* protected and package-private access. Subclass access to this method
* follows java accessibility rules. <p>
*
* Classes that need to designate a replacement when an instance of it
* is read from the stream should implement this special method with the
* exact signature.<p>
*
* <PRE>
* ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException;
* </PRE><p>
*
* This readResolve method follows the same invocation rules and
* accessibility rules as writeReplace.<p>
*
* The serialization runtime associates with each serializable class a version
* number, called a serialVersionUID, which is used during deserialization to
* verify that the sender and receiver of a serialized object have loaded
* classes for that object that are compatible with respect to serialization.
* If the receiver has loaded a class for the object that has a different
* serialVersionUID than that of the corresponding sender's class, then
* deserialization will result in an {@link InvalidClassException}. A
* serializable class can declare its own serialVersionUID explicitly by
* declaring a field named <code>"serialVersionUID"</code> that must be static,
* final, and of type <code>long</code>:<p>
*
* <PRE>
* ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER static final long serialVersionUID = 42L;
* </PRE>
*
* If a serializable class does not explicitly declare a serialVersionUID, then
* the serialization runtime will calculate a default serialVersionUID value
* for that class based on various aspects of the class, as described in the
* Java(TM) Object Serialization Specification. However, it is <em>strongly
* recommended</em> that all serializable classes explicitly declare
* serialVersionUID values, since the default serialVersionUID computation is
* highly sensitive to class details that may vary depending on compiler
* implementations, and can thus result in unexpected
* <code>InvalidClassException</code>s during deserialization. Therefore, to
* guarantee a consistent serialVersionUID value across different java compiler
* implementations, a serializable class must declare an explicit
* serialVersionUID value. It is also strongly advised that explicit
* serialVersionUID declarations use the <code>private</code> modifier where
* possible, since such declarations apply only to the immediately declaring
* class--serialVersionUID fields are not useful as inherited members. Array
* classes cannot declare an explicit serialVersionUID, so they always have
* the default computed value, but the requirement for matching
* serialVersionUID values is waived for array classes.
*
* @author unascribed
* @see java.io.ObjectOutputStream
* @see java.io.ObjectInputStream
* @see java.io.ObjectOutput
* @see java.io.ObjectInput
* @see java.io.Externalizable
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public interface Serializable {
}