Java Printf 函数及其使用
System.out.printf() 是在JDK1.5版引入的方法，printf 方法有 printf(String format, Object ... args) 和 printf(Locale l, String format, Object ... args) 两种重载方式。
printf 方法的代码解析
printf(String format, Object ... args) 方法的代码
/**
* A convenience method to write a formatted string to this output stream
* using the specified format string and arguments.
*
* <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>out.printf(format,
* args)</tt> behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
*
* <pre>
* out.format(format, args) </pre>
*
* @param format
* A format string as described in <a
* href="../util/Formatter.html#syntax">Format string syntax</a>
* * @param args
* Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format
* string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the
* extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is
* variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is
* limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by
* <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>.
* The behaviour on a
* <tt>null</tt> argument depends on the <a
* href="../util/Formatter.html#syntax">conversion</a>.
* * @throws java.util.IllegalFormatException
* If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format
* specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments,
* insufficient arguments given the format string, or other
* illegal conditions. For specification of all possible
* formatting errors, see the <a
* href="../util/Formatter.html#detail">Details</a> section of the
* formatter class specification.
*
* @throws NullPointerException
* If the <tt>format</tt> is <tt>null</tt>
*
* @return This output stream
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public PrintStream printf(String format, Object ... args) {
return format(format, args);
} public PrintStream format(String format, Object ... args) {
try {
synchronized (this) {
ensureOpen();
if ((formatter == null)
|| (formatter.locale() != Locale.getDefault()))
formatter = new Formatter((Appendable) this);
<span style="background-color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">formatter.format(Locale.getDefault(), format, args);</span>
}
} catch (InterruptedIOException x) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} catch (IOException x) {
trouble = true;
}
return this;
}
printf(Locale l, String format, Object ... args) 方法的代码
/**
* A convenience method to write a formatted string to this output stream
* using the specified format string and arguments.
*
* <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>out.printf(l, format,
* args)</tt> behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
*
* <pre>
* out.format(l, format, args) </pre>
*
* @param l
* The <a target=_blank href="mailto:{@linkplain">{@linkplain</a> java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
* formatting. If <tt>l</tt> is <tt>null</tt> then no localization
* is applied.
*
* @param format
* A format string as described in <a
* href="../util/Formatter.html#syntax">Format string syntax</a>
*
* @param args
* Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format
* string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the
* extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is
* variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is
* limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by
* <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>.
* The behaviour on a
* <tt>null</tt> argument depends on the <a
* href="../util/Formatter.html#syntax">conversion</a>.
*
* @throws java.util.IllegalFormatException
* If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format
* specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments,
* insufficient arguments given the format string, or other
* illegal conditions. For specification of all possible
* formatting errors, see the <a
* href="../util/Formatter.html#detail">Details</a> section of the
* formatter class specification.
*
* @throws NullPointerException
* If the <tt>format</tt> is <tt>null</tt>
*
* @return This output stream
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public PrintStream printf(Locale l, String format, Object ... args) {
return format(l, format, args);
} public PrintStream format(Locale l, String format, Object ... args) {
try {
synchronized (this) {
ensureOpen();
if ((formatter == null)
|| (formatter.locale() != l))
formatter = new Formatter(this, l);
<span style="background-color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">formatter.format(l, format, args);</span>
}
} catch (InterruptedIOException x) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} catch (IOException x) {
trouble = true;
}
return this;
}
从以上的两个重载代码可以看出，printf(String format, Object ... args) 就是基于Java环境的打印格式化方法实现，printf(Locale l, String format, Object ... args) 只是多了指定环境的适应的打印操作。
printf 方法的使用
|
|---|
以上的转换参数需要在前面加入“
%”使用，如需要输出%，则要格式化为 “%%”
示例代码：
package cn.lwz.javase.test;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* Printf 方法测试类
* @author LiWenZhang
* @date 2015-08-01
*/
public class TestPrintf {
@Test
public void testPrintf() throws Exception {
printBool();
printHash();
printStr();
printChar();
printInt();
printOct();
printHex();
printExp();
printFlo();
}
/**
* 'f' 浮点 结果被格式化为十进制浮点数，可用于float、double、Float、Double、BigDecimal
*/
private void printFlo() {
printf(getFormat("f"), 100000000f, 200000000d, 300000000F, 400000000D, BigDecimal.valueOf(0x7fffffffffffffffL));
}
/**
* 'e', 'E' 浮点 结果被格式化为用计算机科学记数法表示的十进制数。
* 可用于float、double、Float、Double、BigDecimal，‘%e’表示字母输出以小写表示，‘%E’则表示以大写表示
*/
private void printExp() {
printf(getFormat("e") + ", " + getFormat("E"), 100000000f, 200000000d, 300000000F, 400000000D,
BigDecimal.valueOf(0x7fffffffffffffffL));
}
/**
* 'x', 'X' 整数 结果被格式化为十六进制整数。
* 可用于byte、short、int、long、Byte、Short、Integer、Long、BigInteger，
* ‘%x’表示字母输出以小写表示，‘%X’则表示以大写表示
*/
private void printHex() {
printf(getFormat("x") + ", " + getFormat("X"), (byte) 100, (short) 200, 0,
BigInteger.valueOf(0x7fffffffffffffffL));
}
/**
* 'o' 整数
* 结果被格式化为八进制整数，可用于byte、short、int、long、Byte、Short、Integer、Long、BigInteger
*/
private void printOct() {
printf(getFormat("o"), (byte) 100, (short) 200, 0, BigInteger.valueOf(0x7fffffffffffffffL));
}
/**
* 'b', 'B' 常规 如果参数 arg 为 null，则结果为 "false"。 如果 arg 是一个 boolean 值或
* Boolean，则结果为String.valueOf() 返回的字符串。否则结果为 "true"。
*/
private void printBool() {
printf(getFormat("b") + ", " + getFormat("B"), true, false, "true", "false", 0, 'A');
}
/**
* 'h', 'H' 常规 如果参数 arg 为 null，则结果为 "null"。 否则，结果为调用
* Integer.toHexString(arg.hashCode()) 得到的结果。
*/
private void printHash() {
printf(getFormat("h") + ", " + getFormat("H"), true, false, "true", 0, 'A');
}
/**
* 's', 'S' 常规 如果参数 arg 为 null，则结果为 "null"。 如果 arg 实现 Formattable，则调用
* arg.formatTo。否则，结果为调用arg.toString() 得到的结果。
*/
private void printStr() {
printf(getFormat("s") + ", " + getFormat("S"), true, false, "true", 0, 'A');
}
/**
* 'c', 'C' 字符 结果是一个 Unicode 字符。
* 可用于byte、short、char、Byte、Short、Character、Integer，
* ‘%c’表示字母输出以小写表示，‘%C’则表示以大写表示
*/
private void printChar() {
printf(getFormat("c") + ", " + getFormat("C"), (byte) 65, 97, 'A');
}
/**
* 'd' 整数
* 结果被格式化为十进制整数，可用于byte、short、int、long、Byte、Short、Integer、Long、BigInteger
*/
private void printInt() {
printf(getFormat("d"), (byte) 65, 97, BigInteger.valueOf(0x7fffffffffffffffL));
}
private void printf(String formatStr, Object... args) {
Util.printMethodName();
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
for (Object arg : args) {
System.out.printf("param：" + arg + Util.getBlanks(arg, 25));
System.out.printf(formatStr + "\n", arg, arg);
}
}
}
private String getFormat(String f) {
return "Format: %%" + f + " >> %" + f;
}
} 结果输出：
---------------------------------- printBool() ----------------------------------
param：true Format: %b >> true, Format: %B >> TRUE
param：false Format: %b >> false, Format: %B >> FALSE
param：true Format: %b >> true, Format: %B >> TRUE
param：false Format: %b >> true, Format: %B >> TRUE
param：0 Format: %b >> true, Format: %B >> TRUE
param：A Format: %b >> true, Format: %B >> TRUE---------------------------------- printHash() ----------------------------------
param：true Format: %h >> 4cf, Format: %H >> 4CF
param：false Format: %h >> 4d5, Format: %H >> 4D5
param：true Format: %h >> 36758e, Format: %H >> 36758E
param：0 Format: %h >> 0, Format: %H >> 0
param：A Format: %h >> 41, Format: %H >> 41---------------------------------- printStr() ----------------------------------
param：true Format: %s >> true, Format: %S >> TRUE
param：false Format: %s >> false, Format: %S >> FALSE
param：true Format: %s >> true, Format: %S >> TRUE
param：0 Format: %s >> 0, Format: %S >> 0
param：A Format: %s >> A, Format: %S >> A---------------------------------- printChar() ----------------------------------
param：65 Format: %c >> A, Format: %C >> A
param：97 Format: %c >> a, Format: %C >> A
param：A Format: %c >> A, Format: %C >> A---------------------------------- printInt() ----------------------------------
param：65 Format: %d >> 65
param：97 Format: %d >> 97
param：9223372036854775807 Format: %d >> 9223372036854775807---------------------------------- printOct() ----------------------------------
param：100 Format: %o >> 144
param：200 Format: %o >> 310
param：0 Format: %o >> 0
param：9223372036854775807 Format: %o >> 777777777777777777777---------------------------------- printHex() ----------------------------------
param：100 Format: %x >> 64, Format: %X >> 64
param：200 Format: %x >> c8, Format: %X >> C8
param：0 Format: %x >> 0, Format: %X >> 0
param：9223372036854775807 Format: %x >> 7fffffffffffffff, Format: %X >> 7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF---------------------------------- printExp() ----------------------------------
param：1.0E8 Format: %e >> 1.000000e+08, Format: %E >> 1.000000E+08
param：2.0E8 Format: %e >> 2.000000e+08, Format: %E >> 2.000000E+08
param：3.0E8 Format: %e >> 3.000000e+08, Format: %E >> 3.000000E+08
param：4.0E8 Format: %e >> 4.000000e+08, Format: %E >> 4.000000E+08
param：9223372036854775807 Format: %e >> 9.223372e+18, Format: %E >> 9.223372E+18---------------------------------- printFlo() ----------------------------------
param：1.0E8 Format: %f >> 100000000.000000
param：2.0E8 Format: %f >> 200000000.000000
param：3.0E8 Format: %f >> 300000000.000000
param：4.0E8 Format: %f >> 400000000.000000
param：9223372036854775807 Format: %f >> 9223372036854775807.000000
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