每天锻炼20分钟,英年早逝的风险将有效降低20%。——《程序员的健康指南》
前言
这篇博文转载修改自:简述MVC框架模式以及在你(Android)项目中的应用
标题是阿里电话面试的问题,一直以为自己很清楚MVC模式,结果被问到时,居然没法将MVC和Android中各个组件对应起来,所以,面试肯定挂了,不过面试也是学习的一种方式,可以知道大公司看中什么,以及自己还有哪些知识漏洞,例如这次面试就学到了很多东西。
大家可以在看下面的内容之前,也想想能否把MVC及与Android各个组件的对应关系讲清楚,看是否还有和我一样对MVC一知半解的。
如果写的有问题的地方,欢迎讨论。转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/John-Chen/p/4458823.html
学习中读了很多别人总结的文章,有几篇不错,推荐给大家:
前端之Android入门(3):MVC模式:
http://isux.tencent.com/learn-android-from-zero-session3.html
http://isux.tencent.com/learn-android-from-zero-session4.html
http://isux.tencent.com/learn-android-from-zero-session5-html.html
The Activity Revisited:
http://www.therealjoshua.com/2012/07/android-architecture-part-10-the-activity-revisited/
谈谈UI架构设计的演化:
http://www.cnblogs.com/winter-cn/p/4285171.html
MVC,MVP 和 MVVM 的图示:
http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/02/mvcmvp_mvvm.html
关于另一种框架模式MVP的实践:
http://www.imooc.com/wenda/detail/216700
MVC
重新学习思考之后,再看自己项目中的某些实现,其实很多地方已经是遵循MVC的思想在实现,只是在设计和实现时,没提升到框架模式,只是根据以前的经验,以及一些基本的设计思想在做,所以被问到MVC模式时,也没想到项目中有用到的地方。我觉得不管了不了解什么框架模式以及设计模式,最主要的是得想办法做到解耦以及提升应用的稳定性。
首先说下我现在认识的MVC与Android的各个组件的对应关系:
View:自定义View或ViewGroup,负责将用户的请求通知Controller,并根据model更新界面;
Controller:Activity或者Fragment,接收用户请求并更新model;
Model:数据模型,负责数据处理相关的逻辑,封装应用程序状态,响应状态查询,通知View改变,对应Android中的datebase、SharePreference等。
- 备注:Android中,model通知view改变,可以通过消息总线实现。
下面以我做的项目中的一个模块来详细介绍Android中的MVC框架模式:
项目中有一个记录轨迹的功能,记录有几种状态:记录、暂停、停止:
接下来我把轨迹控制部分的逻辑提取出来,做了一个简单地demo,
Log如下:
04-27 19:35:30.046 17066-17066/com.csq.mvcdemo I/mvc: view->control
04-27 19:35:30.056 17066-17066/com.csq.mvcdemo I/mvc: control->model
04-27 19:35:30.066 17066-17066/com.csq.mvcdemo I/mvc: model->view
04-27 19:35:30.076 17066-17066/com.csq.mvcdemo I/mvc: onEventMainThread : model->view
demo源码地址:https://github.com/John-Chen/BlogSamples/tree/master/MVCDemo
说明
该Demo实现MVC模式采用了EventBus来进行消息的接收和发送。
使用之前需要:(备注:EventBus的具体使用教程在下面的Github地址中有)
compile 'org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.0.0'
EventBus的Github地址:点我跳转~O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
View实现
View层主要负责View控件的事件的绑定和View的重绘工作。
package com.csq.mvcdemo.views;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.R;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.models.TrackRecordInfo;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.models.TrackRecordStatus;
/**
* description : 轨迹控制View相关逻辑
* Created by csq E-mail:csqwyyx@163.com
* 15-4-26
*/
public class TrackCtrlView implements View.OnClickListener{
// ------------------------ Constants ------------------------
// ------------------------- Fields --------------------------
private ImageView btnStartTrack, btnStopTrack, btnPauseTrack;
private TrackCtrlViewListener listener;
private TrackRecordInfo trackRecordInfo;
// ----------------------- Constructors ----------------------
/**
* 实例化
*
* @param activity the activity
* @param listener the listener
*/
public TrackCtrlView(Activity activity, TrackCtrlViewListener listener){
this.listener = listener;
btnStartTrack = (ImageView) activity.findViewById(R.id.btnStartTrack);
btnStopTrack = (ImageView) activity.findViewById(R.id.btnStopTrack);
btnPauseTrack = (ImageView) activity.findViewById(R.id.btnPauseTrack);
btnStartTrack.setOnClickListener(this);
btnStopTrack.setOnClickListener(this);
btnPauseTrack.setOnClickListener(this);
btnPauseTrack.setOnClickListener(this);
}
// -------- Methods for/from SuperClass/Interfaces -----------
/**
* 将用户请求通知Controller
*/
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Log.i("mvc", "view->control");
switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.btnStartTrack:
if(listener != null){
listener.trackStatusRequest(TrackRecordStatus.Recording);
}
break;
case R.id.btnStopTrack:
if(listener != null){
listener.trackStatusRequest(TrackRecordStatus.Stoped);
}
break;
case R.id.btnPauseTrack:
if(listener != null){
if(trackRecordInfo.status == TrackRecordStatus.Paused){
listener.trackStatusRequest(TrackRecordStatus.Recording);
}else{
listener.trackStatusRequest(TrackRecordStatus.Paused);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// --------------------- Methods public ----------------------
// --------------------- Methods private ---------------------
/**
* 更新View
* */
private void refreshView(){
TrackRecordStatus trackStatus = trackRecordInfo == null ?
TrackRecordStatus.Stoped : trackRecordInfo.status;
if (trackStatus == TrackRecordStatus.Recording) {
btnStartTrack.setVisibility(View.GONE);
btnPauseTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
btnStopTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
btnPauseTrack.setImageResource(R.drawable.btn_track_ctrl_pause);
} else if (trackStatus == TrackRecordStatus.Paused) {
btnStartTrack.setVisibility(View.GONE);
btnPauseTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
btnStopTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
btnPauseTrack.setImageResource(R.drawable.btn_track_ctrl_resume);
} else {
// TrackRecordStatus.Stoped
btnStartTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
btnPauseTrack.setVisibility(View.GONE);
btnStopTrack.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
}
// --------------------- Getter & Setter -----------------
/**
* 用于通知View更新
*
* @param trackRecordInfo the trackRecordInfo
* */
public void setTrackRecordInfo(@Nullable TrackRecordInfo trackRecordInfo) {
this.trackRecordInfo = trackRecordInfo;
refreshView();
}
// --------------- Inner and Anonymous Classes ---------------
/**
* The interface Track ctrl view listener.
*/
public interface TrackCtrlViewListener{
/**
* 用户点击按钮
*/
public void trackStatusRequest(@Nullable TrackRecordStatus newStatus);
}
// --------------------- logical fragments -----------------
}
Model
Modle层用于数据的获取(网络连接)和数据的传递工作。
/**
* description : 轨迹记录信息
* Created by csq E-mail:csqwyyx@163.com
* 15-4-26
*/
package com.csq.mvcdemo.models;
import android.content.Context;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.events.EventTrackRecordInfoChanged;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.utils.SpUtil;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.EventBus;
public class TrackRecordInfo {
// ------------------------ Constants ------------------------
// ------------------------- Fields --------------------------
private static final Gson gson = new Gson();
/**
* 应该是保存轨迹数据库id,此demo中数据库操作不实现,暂时trackId一直为0
*/
public int trackId;
public TrackRecordStatus status;
// ----------------------- Constructors ----------------------
public TrackRecordInfo(int trackId, TrackRecordStatus status) {
this.trackId = trackId;
this.status = status;
}
// -------- Methods for/from SuperClass/Interfaces -----------
// --------------------- Methods public ----------------------
@NonNull
public static TrackRecordInfo loadTrackRecordInfo(@NonNull Context context) {
String pref = SpUtil.getString(context, SpUtil.KEY_TRACK_RECORD_INFO, "");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(pref)) {
return gson.fromJson(pref, TrackRecordInfo.class);
}
return null;
}
public static void changeTrackRecordInfo(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable TrackRecordInfo info) {
SpUtil.saveString(context,
SpUtil.KEY_TRACK_RECORD_INFO,
info == null ? "" : gson.toJson(info));
//model通过消息总线,通知View刷新
Log.i("mvc", "model->view");
EventBus.getDefault().post(new EventTrackRecordInfoChanged(info));
}
// --------------------- Methods private ---------------------
// --------------------- Getter & Setter -----------------
// --------------- Inner and Anonymous Classes ---------------
// --------------------- logical fragments -----------------
}
Controller
主要用于处理业务逻辑。
package com.csq.mvcdemo.controllers;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.R;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.events.EventTrackRecordInfoChanged;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.models.TrackRecordInfo;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.models.TrackRecordStatus;
import com.csq.mvcdemo.views.TrackCtrlView;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.EventBus;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode;
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements TrackCtrlView.TrackCtrlViewListener {
private TrackCtrlView trackCtrlView;
private TrackRecordInfo trackRecordInfo;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
trackCtrlView = new TrackCtrlView(this, this);
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
// model
trackRecordInfo = TrackRecordInfo.loadTrackRecordInfo(this);
// View
trackCtrlView.setTrackRecordInfo(trackRecordInfo);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
}
@Override
public void trackStatusRequest(@Nullable TrackRecordStatus newStatus) {
if (newStatus == TrackRecordStatus.Recording) {
int trackId = 0; //在数据库创建一条轨迹,并获取到数据库id
trackRecordInfo = new TrackRecordInfo(trackId, TrackRecordStatus.Recording);
} else if (newStatus == TrackRecordStatus.Paused) {
if (trackRecordInfo != null) {
trackRecordInfo.status = newStatus;
}
} else {
trackRecordInfo = null;
}
Log.i("mvc", "control->model");
TrackRecordInfo.changeTrackRecordInfo(this, trackRecordInfo);
}
// 这里获取到了Model传递过来的消息,通知View做出改变
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void onMessageEvent(EventTrackRecordInfoChanged event) {
trackRecordInfo = event.info;
trackCtrlView.setTrackRecordInfo(trackRecordInfo);
Log.i("mvc", "onEventMainThread : model->view");
}
}