7.1.3

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class Sales_data {
    std::string bookNo;
    unsigned units_sold = 0;
    double revenue = 0.0;
public:
    std::string const& isbn() const { return bookNo; };
    Sales_data& combine(const Sales_data&);


};

// member functions.
Sales_data& Sales_data::combine(const Sales_data& rhs)
{
    units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
    revenue += rhs.revenue;
    return *this;
}

// nonmember functions
std::istream &read(std::istream &is, Sales_data &item)
{
    double price = 0;
    is >> item.bookNo >> item.units_sold >> price;
    item.revenue = price * item.units_sold;
    return is;
}

std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const Sales_data &item)
{
    os << item.isbn() << " " << item.units_sold << " " << item.revenue;
    return os;
}

Sales_data add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
{
    Sales_data sum = lhs;
    sum.combine(rhs);
    return sum;
}

7.7

int main()
{
    Sales_data total;
    if (read(std::cin, total))
    {
        Sales_data trans;
        while (read(std::cin, trans)) {
            if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
                total.combine(trans);
            else {
                print(std::cout, total) << std::endl;
                total = trans;
            }
        }
        print(std::cout, total) << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cerr << "No data?!" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

7.8
read函数会改变参数
而print 一定不能改变参数值

7.9

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
class Person 
{   
    std::string name;
    std::string address;
public:
    std::string const& getName()    const { return name; }
    std::string const& getAddress() const {return address; }

};

std::istream &read(std::istream &is, Person &person)
{
    return is >> person.name >> person.address;
}

std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const Person &person)
{
    return os << person.name << " " << person.address;
}

7.10
因为read函数 返回的是 一个std::istream & ，所以这部分的意思是
讲输入的依次存入date1 和date2