日期类->日期计算器

date.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date
{
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& out, Date& d);

public:
    Date(int year = 1900, int month = 1, int day = 1)
        :_year(year)
        ,_month(month)
        ,_day(day)
    {
        // 如何检查一个日期是否合法 
        int days = GetMonthDays(year, month);
        if (days == -1 || day < 1 || day > days)
        {
            cout << "日期不合法" << endl;
            Display();
            exit(-1);
        }
    }

    //operator> 
    inline bool operator>(const Date& d) const
    {
        if (_year > d._year)
        {
            return true;
        }
        else if (_year == d._year)
        {
            if (_month > d._month)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else if (_month == d._month)
            {
                if (_day > d._day)
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    //operator>= 
    inline bool operator>=(const Date& d) const
    {
        return *this > d || *this == d;
    }

    //operator< 
    bool operator<(const Date& d) const
    {
        return !(*this >= d);
    }
    //operator<= 
    inline bool operator<=(const Date& d) const
    {
        return *this < d || *this == d;

    }
    //operator== 
    inline bool operator==(const Date& d) const
    {
        return _year == d._year
            && _month == d._month
            && _day == d._day;
    }

    //operator!= 
    inline bool operator!=(const Date& d) const
    {
        return !(*this == d);
    }
    bool IsInvalid()
    {
        if (_day < 1 
            || _day >GetMonthDays(_year, _month)
            || _year < 1900 
            || _month < 1 
            || _month >12)
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;

        }
    }
    //d1 + 100 
    Date operator+(int day)
    {
        if (day < 0)
        {
            return *this -(-day);
        }
        Date tmp(*this);
        tmp._day += day;
        while (tmp.IsInvalid())
        {
            tmp._day -= GetMonthDays(tmp._year, tmp._month);
            tmp._month++;
            if (tmp._month == 13)
            {
                tmp._year++;
                tmp._month = 1;
            }
        }
        return tmp;
    }
    inline Date& operator+=(int day)
    {
        *this = *this + day;
        return *this;
    }
    Date operator-(int day)
    {
        if (day < 0)
        {
            return *this + (-day);
        }
        Date tmp(*this);
        tmp._day -= day;
        while (tmp.IsInvalid())
        {
            --tmp._month;
            if (tmp._month == 0)
            {
                tmp._year--;
                tmp._month = 12;
            }
            tmp._day += GetMonthDays(tmp._year, tmp._month);
        }
        return tmp;
    }
    Date& operator-=(int day)
    {
        *this = *this - day;
        return *this;
    }
    inline Date& operator++()
    {
        *this += 1;
        return *this;
    }
    inline Date operator++(int)
    {
        Date tmp(*this);
        *this += 1;
        return tmp;
    }
    inline Date& operator--()
    {
        *this -= 1;
        return *this;
    }
    inline Date operator--(int)
    {
        Date tmp(*this);
        *this -= 1;
        return tmp;
    }
    int operator-(const Date& d)
    {
        Date min = d, max = *this;
        int tag = 1;
        if (*this < d)
        {
            min = *this;
            max = d;
            int tag = -1;
        }
        int count = 0;

        while (min != max)
        {
            ++min;
            ++count;
        }
        return count*tag;
    }
    void Display()const
    {
        cout << _year << "-" << _month << "-" << _day << endl;
    }
    inline static bool IsLeapYear(int year)
    {
        if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0))
        {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    inline static int GetMonthDays(int year, int month)//判断日期是否合法
    {
        if (year < 1900 || month < 1 || month >12)
        {
            return -1;
        }
        static int monthDays[13] = { 0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 };
        int days = monthDays[month];
        if (month == 2 && IsLeapYear(year))
        {
            days += 1;
        }
        return days;
    }

private:
    int _year;
    int _month;
    int _day;
};

//重载<<和>>的原因：例如cout<<d1<<endl，输入输出库函数并不知道类的属性又或者是以什么的格式去输出。

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d)
//这里不写成void operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d)的原因是，写成这样只能是写在类的成员函数里，this指针会成为左操作数，会出现类似d1<<cout这样的情况，可读性不好。写成ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d)，定义成全局的，返回引用，还可以实现链式访问，例如：cout<<d1<<d2<<endl,只不过定义成全局以后，要用友元函数调用日期类。
{
    out << d._year << "-" << d._month << "-" << d._day << endl;
    return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in,  Date& d)
//这里的Date& d不能写成const Date& d，不能加const的原因是输入一个日期会被修改。
{
    cout<<"请依次输入年月日:";
    in >> d._year;
    in >> d._month;
    in >> d._day;
    return in;
}
void TestDate()
{
    int num = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        Date d1;
        Date d2;
        int day;
        cout << "***********************************************" << endl;
        cout << "请选择" << endl;
        cout << "1.日期加一个天数 2.日期减日期 3 退出" << endl;
        cout << "***********************************************" << endl;
        cin >> num;
        switch (num)
        {
        case 1:
            cin >> d1;
            cout << "请输入一个天数:";
            cin >> day;
            cout << "计算结果：" << (d1 + day) << endl;
            break;
        case 2:
            cin >> d1;
            cin >> d2;
            cout << "相差天数为:" << d2 - d1 << endl;
            break;
            break;
        case 3:
            return;
        default:
            cout << "无效选项，请重新选择！" << endl;
            break;
        }
    }
}

test.cpp

#include"date.h"
int main()
{
    TestDate();
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

程序运行结果：