经典Robocode例子代码--Snip…

原文地址：经典Robocode例子代码--SnippetBot 作者：韩雪

[b]经典Robocode例子代码[/b] [b] - -SnippetBot[/b] 看过了Robocode的文章，对Robocde有了个大概了解，现在我我们就一个经典的Robocode例子源代码来分析Robocode也java之间是多么的天衣无缝。 经典Robocode新手入门例子，包括了移动，雷达，炮管。。。，看完它并应用它，保你Robocode一日千里。 注：翻译风格有所改变，有部分没有进行翻译，有些加入了天翼.李(Skyala.Li)的心得。我们在此只注重原理，不重形式。 大家可自行看看没有翻译的部分,也正好学习外语嘛！最后引入了About Duelist,快打到世界第一的机器人发展过程的一段文字。 此物出天上，望君好收藏！源代码也可于此下载 package wind; import robocode.*; import java.awt.Color; /** * SnippetBot - a robot by Alisdair Owens * This bot includes all sorts of useful snippets. It is not * designed to be a good fighter (although it does well 1v1), * just to show how certain things are done * Bits of code lifted from Nicator and Chrisbot * Conventions in this bot include: Use of radians throughout * Storing absolute positions of enemy bots rather than relative ones * Very little code in events * These are all good programming practices for robocode * There may also be methods that arent used; these might just be useful for you. */ public class SnippetBot extends AdvancedRobot { /** * run: SnippetBot's default behavior */ Enemy target; //our current enemy 代表对手，包括了对手的所有有用参数 final double PI = Math.PI; //just a constant int direction = 1; //direction we are heading...1 = forward, -1 = backwards //我们坦克车头的方向 double firePower; //the power of the shot we will be using - set by do firePower() 设置我们的火力 public void run() { target = new Enemy(); //实例化Enemy()类 target.distance = 100000; //initialise the distance so that we can select a target setColors(Color.red,Color.blue,Color.green); //sets the colours of the robot //the next two lines mean that the turns of the robot, gun and radar are independant //让gun,radar独立于坦克车 setAdjustGunForRobotTurn (true); setAdjustRadarForGunTurn (true); turnRadarRightRadians(2*PI); //turns the radar right around to get a view of the field 以弧度计算旋转一周 while(true) { doMovement(); //Move the bot 移动机器人 doFirePower(); //select the fire power to use 选择火力 doScanner(); //Oscillate the scanner over the bot 扫描 doGun(); //move the gun to predict where the enemy will be 预测敌人，调整炮管 out.println(target.distance); fire(firePower); //所有动作完成后，开火 execute(); //execute all commands 上面使用的都为AdvancedRobot类中的非阻塞调用 //控制权在我们，所有这里用阻塞方法返回控制给机器人 } } 　 /* * This simple function calculates the fire power to use (from 0.1 to 3) * based on the distance from the target. We will investigate the data structure * holding the target data later. */ void doFirePower() { firePower = 400/target.distance;//selects a bullet power based on our distance away from the target //根据敌人距离来选择火力,因为本身前进，后退为300，所以火力不会过大 } 　 /* * This is the movememnt function. It will cause us * to circle strafe the enemy (ie move back and forward, * circling the enemy. if you don't know what strafing means * play more quake. * The direction variable is global to the class. Passing a * negative number to setAhead causes the bot to go backwards * 以目标主中心来回摆动 */ void doMovement() { if (getTime() == 0) //?过20的倍数时间就反转方向 { //every twenty 'ticks' direction *= -1; //reverse direction setAhead(direction*300); //move in that direction } setTurnRightRadians(target.bearing (PI/2)); //every turn move to circle strafe the enemy //每一时间周期以敌人为中心绕圆运动 } /* * this scanner method allows us to make our scanner track our target. * it will track to where our target is at the moment, and some further * in case the target has moved. This way we always get up to the minute * information on our target 雷达锁定目标 */ void doScanner() { double radarOffset; //雷达偏移量 if (getTime() - target.ctime > 4) //???why来回扫了4个回合都没扫到意味失去了目标，再全扫一遍 { //if we haven't seen anybody for a bit.... radarOffset = 360; //rotate the radar to find a target } else { //next is the amount we need to rotate the radar by to scan where the target is now //通过扫描决定雷达旋转的弧度，"见基本原理方向剖析及目标锁定www.robochina.org".雷达弧度-敌人角度得到两者相差为旋转值 radarOffset = getRadarHeadingRadians() - absbearing(getX(),getY(),target.x,target.y); //this adds or subtracts small amounts from the bearing for the radar to produce the wobbling //and make sure we don't lose the target //在得到的角度中加或减一点角度，让雷达很小的范围内摆而不失去目标 if (radarOffset < 0) radarOffset -= PI/8; //(0.375) else radarOffset = PI/8; } //turn the radar setTurnRadarLeftRadians(NormaliseBearing(radarOffset)); //左转调整转动角度到PI内 } /* * This simple method moves the gun to the bearing that we predict the * enemy will be by the time our bullet will get there. * the 'absbearing' method can be found in the helper functions section * the nextX and nextY method can be found in the 'Enemy' class description */ void doGun() { //works out how long it would take a bullet to travel to where the enemy is *now* //this is the best estimation we have //计算子弹到达目标的时间长speed = 20 - 3 * power;有计算公式,距离除速度=时间 long time = getTime() (int)(target.distance/(20-(3*firePower))); //offsets the gun by the angle to the next shot based on linear targeting provided by the enemy class //以直线为目标，偏移子弹下一次发射的角度。（这样让子弹射空的几率减少。但对付不动的和做圆运动的机器人有问题） //target.guesssX(),target.guessY()为目标移动后的坐标 double gunOffset = getGunHeadingRadians() - absbearing(getX(),getY(),target.guessX(time),target.guessY(time)); setTurnGunLeftRadians(NormaliseBearing(gunOffset)); //调整相对角度到2PI内 } /* * This set of helper methods. You may find several of these very useful * They include the ability to find the angle to a point. */ //if a bearing is not within the -pi to pi range, alters it to provide the shortest angle double NormaliseBearing(double ang) { if (ang > PI) ang -= 2*PI; if (ang < -PI) ang = 2*PI; return ang; } //if a heading is not within the 0 to 2pi range, alters it to provide the shortest angle double NormaliseHeading(double ang) { if (ang > 2*PI) ang -= 2*PI; if (ang < 0) ang = 2*PI; return ang; } //returns the distance between two x,y coordinates '**' //以两边长求得与对手之间的距离 public double getrange( double x1,double y1, double x2,double y2 ) { double xo = x2-x1; double yo = y2-y1; double h = Math.sqrt( xo*xo yo*yo ); return h; } //gets the absolute bearing between to x,y coordinates //根据x,y的坐标求出绝对角度，见"坐标锁定"利用直角坐标系来反求出角度。？？？ public double absbearing( double x1,double y1, double x2,double y2 ) { double xo = x2-x1; double yo = y2-y1; double h = getrange( x1,y1, x2,y2 ); if( xo > 0 && yo > 0 ) { //反正弦定义，对边除斜边得弧度.以robocode中的绝对方向系及坐标系参照 //x,y为正右上角为0-90,x正y负右下角为90-180,x,y负左下角180-270,x负，y正右上角270-360 //此处要理解robocode中的绝对角度是上为0,下为180，如以中心为点划分象限则得到下面的结果 return Math.asin( xo / h ); } if( xo > 0 && yo < 0 ) { return Math.PI - Math.asin( xo / h ); //x为正,y为负第二象限角 } if( xo < 0 && yo < 0 ) { return Math.PI Math.asin( -xo / h ); //第三象限内180 角度 } if( xo < 0 && yo > 0 ) { return 2.0*Math.PI - Math.asin( -xo / h ); //四象限360-角度 } return 0; } /** * onScannedRobot: What to do when you see another robot * 扫描事件,也是初始化目标数据的过程 */ public void onScannedRobot(ScannedRobotEvent e) { //if we have found a closer robot.... if ((e.getDistance() < target.distance)||(target.name == e.getName())) { //the next line gets the absolute bearing to the point where the bot is //求得对手的绝对弧度 double absbearing_rad = (getHeadingRadians() e.getBearingRadians())%(2*PI); //this section sets all the information about our target target.name = e.getName(); //求得对手的x,y坐标，见"robocode基本原理之坐标锁定"文章 target.x = getX() Math.sin(absbearing_rad)*e.getDistance(); //works out the x coordinate of where the target is target.y = getY() Math.cos(absbearing_rad)*e.getDistance(); //works out the y coordinate of where the target is target.bearing = e.getBearingRadians(); target.head = e.getHeadingRadians(); target.ctime = getTime(); //game time at which this scan was produced 扫描到机器人的游戏时间 target.speed = e.getVelocity(); //得到敌人速度 target.distance = e.getDistance(); } } public void onRobotDeath(RobotDeathEvent e) { if (e.getName() == target.name) target.distance = 10000; //this will effectively make it search for a new target } } /* * This class holds scan data so that we can remember where enemies were * and what they were doing when we last scanned then. * You could make a hashtable (with the name of the enemy bot as key) * or a vector of these so that you can remember where all of your enemies are * in relation to you. * This class also holds the guessX and guessY methods. These return where our targeting * system thinks they will be if they travel in a straight line at the same speed * as they are travelling now. You just need to pass the time at which you want to know * where they will be. * 保存我们扫描到的目标的所有有用数据，也可用hashtable，vector方法处理所有和我们有关的目标数据(用于群战) * 中间的guessX,guessY方法是针对做直线均速运动机器人一个策略 */ class Enemy { /* * ok, we should really be using accessors and mutators here, * (i.e getName() and setName()) but life's too short. */ String name; public double bearing; public double head; public long ctime; //game time that the scan was produced public double speed; public double x,y; public double distance; public double guessX(long when) { //以扫描时和子弹到达的时间差 ＊ 最大速度=距离, 再用对手的坐标加上移动坐标得到敌人移动后的坐标 long diff = when - ctime; return x Math.sin(head)*speed*diff; //目标移动后的坐标 } public double guessY(long when) { long diff = when - ctime; return y Math.cos(head)*speed*diff; } } 要想了解更多的相关资料请参考： Robocode 中华联盟(http://www.robochina.org)