非谓语动词与从句

　　英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分，也是学生学习的一个难点。其实，我们可以从从句的角度来解释非谓语动词，弄清非谓语动词与从句的关系，这样会使学生对非谓语动词有更好的了解，学习起来更容易。

　　I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换

　　1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句

　　Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French. 　　That Tom knows English helps him in learning English.

　　Her being out of work was unexpected. 　　That she was out of work was unexpected.

　　2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句

　　I remember having paid him for his work. 　　I remember that I have paid him for his work.

　　He suggests our making better use of the school library. 　　He suggests that we (should) make better use of the school library.

　　3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句

　　Our worry is your depending too much on him. 　　Our worry is that you depend too much on him.

　　The question is many people’s being trapped in the fire. 　　The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.

　　4. v-ing形式作定语可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句

　　We will study in the house facing south. 　　We will study in the house that / which faces south.

　　The man talking to my teacher is my father. 　　The man who / that is talking to my teacher is my father.

　　5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句

　　On arriving there, I will telephone you. 　　As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.

　　While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. 　　While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.

　　另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。

　　He died, leaving his daughter much money. 　　He died, and (he) left his daughter much money.

　　He died, with his daughter much money.

　　II. V-ed形式与从句之间的转换

　　1. v-ed形式作定语可换成定语从句

　　The question discussed yesterday is very important. 　　The question that / which was discussed yesterday is very important.

　　The boy lost in thought is my brother. 　　The boy who is lost in thought is my brother.

　　2. v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句

　　I found the room broken into and a lot of things stolen. 　　I found (that) the room had been broken into and a lot of things had been stolen.

　　3. v-ed形式作状语可换成状语从句

　　(If) heated, water will turn into steam. 　　If it is heated, water will turn into steam.

　　Don’t speak until spoken to. 　　Don’t speak until you are spoken to.

　　III. to do形式与从句的转换

　　1. to do形式作主语可转换成主语从句

　　When and where (for us) to hold the meeting is unknown yet. 　　When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown yet.

　　They seemed to be eating something cooked on the fire. 　　It seemed that they were eating something cooked on the fire.

　　2. to do形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句

　　I don’t know what to do with the matter. 　　I don’t know that I should do with the matter.

　I warned him not to drive the car after drinking. 　　I warned that he should not drive the car after drinking.

　　3. to do形式作表语可换成表语从句

　　My wish is to become a pilot after graduation. 　　My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation.

　　My only worry was for her not to have enough experience in it. 　　My only worry was that she didn’t have enough experience in it.

　　4. to do形式作定语可换成定语从句

　　The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 　　The meeting that / which will be held is of great importance.

　　He was the first to arrive and the last to leave. 　　He was the first that arrived and the last that left.

　　5. to do形式作目的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句

　　They started off early in order / so as to arrive in time. 　　They started off early in order / so that they could arrive in time.

　　She was so excited as not to go to sleep. 　　She was too excited to go to sleep.

She was so excited that she couldn’t go to sleep.