Data Encryption Standard(DES) 数据加密标准算法描述
一、算法介绍
DES算法是一种用56位密钥来加密64位数据的对称密钥算法。
DES算法的入口参数有三个:Key、Data、Mode。其中Key为8个字节共64位,是DES算法的工作密钥;Data也为8个字节64位,是要被加密或被解密的数据;
Mode为DES的工作方式,有两种:加密或解密。
二、实现步骤
1.变换密钥
A 将8字节密钥转换为64字节字串,不足则补0(或自定义)
B 根据pc1进行变换成56字节
C 将56字节密钥分为左右两部分C[0],D[0]
D 循环16次(i从1开始)
{
1)左移固定位数得到C[i]和D[i];
2)将C[i]D[i]用pc2化简为48位k[i];
}
2.数据处理
A 将8字节数据转换为64字节字串,不足则补0(或自定义)
B 将64字节数据转换为两部分L[0],R[0]
C 循环16次(i从1开始),用密钥加密数据
{
1)将32位的R[i-1]按exp扩展为48位的E[i-1];
2)异或E[i-1]和K[i];
3)将异或结果分为8个6位长的部分B[8]
4)循环用S表替换(j从1开始)
{
a)B[j]第1位和第6位组合为M,作为S[j]的行号
b)B[j]第2到5位组合为N,作为S[j]的列号
c)用S[j][M][N]来取代B[j]
}
5)将B[1]到B[8]按P组合得到p
6)R[i] = p xor L[i-1];
7)L[i] = R[i-1];
}
3.组合变换后的R[16]L[16]按ip_1变换得到最后结果
三、注意事项
1. DES算法的解密过程是一样的,区别仅仅在于第一次迭代时用子密钥K15,第二次K14......,最后一次用K0,算法本身并没有任何变化.
2. 在DES密钥Key的使用、管理及密钥更换的过程中,应绝对避开DES 算法的应用误区,即:绝对不能把Key的第8,16,24......64位作为有效数据位来对Key进行管理
四、实现源码
int DES( unsigned char *bufferin, unsigned char *bufferout, unsigned char *key, long mode) { //密钥变换为56字节(去掉校验位) static unsigned char pc1[56] = { 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8, 0, 57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1, 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2, 59, 51, 43, 35, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5, 60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4, 27, 19, 11, 3 }; //56字节变换为48 字节(数据压缩) static unsigned char pc2[48] = { 13, 16, 10, 23, 0, 4, 2, 27, 14, 5, 20, 9, 22, 18, 11, 3, 25, 7, 15, 6, 26, 19, 12, 1, 40, 51, 30, 36, 46, 54, 29, 39, 50, 44, 32, 47, 43, 48, 38, 55, 33, 52, 45, 41, 49, 35, 28, 31 }; //32字节变换为48字节(数据扩展) static unsigned char exp[48] = { 31, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 0 }; //64位数据IP(Initial Permutation)变换表 static unsigned char ip[64] = { 57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5, 63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8, 0, 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2, 60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6 }; //数据逆置换(Final Permutation) static unsigned char ip_1[64] = { 39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31, 38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30, 37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29, 36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28, 35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27, 34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26, 33, 1, 41, 9, 49, 17, 57, 25, 32, 0, 40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24 }; //Permutation P static unsigned char pp[32] = { 15, 6, 19, 20, 28, 11, 27, 16, 0, 14, 22, 25, 4, 17, 30, 9, 1, 7, 23, 13, 31, 26, 2, 8, 18, 12, 29, 5, 21, 10, 3, 24 }; /* INITIALIZE THE TABLES */ /* Table - s1 */ static unsigned char s1[4][16] = { 14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7, 0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8, 4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0, 15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13 }; /* Table - s2 */ static unsigned char s2[4][16] = { 15, 1, 8, 14, 6, 11, 3, 4, 9, 7, 2, 13, 12, 0, 5, 10, 3, 13, 4, 7, 15, 2, 8, 14, 12, 0, 1, 10, 6, 9, 11, 5, 0, 14, 7, 11, 10, 4, 13, 1, 5, 8, 12, 6, 9, 3, 2, 15, 13, 8, 10, 1, 3, 15, 4, 2, 11, 6, 7, 12, 0, 5, 14, 9 }; /* Table - s3 */ static unsigned char s3[4][16] = { 10, 0, 9, 14, 6, 3, 15, 5, 1, 13, 12, 7, 11, 4, 2, 8, 13, 7, 0, 9, 3, 4, 6, 10, 2, 8, 5, 14, 12, 11, 15, 1, 13, 6, 4, 9, 8, 15, 3, 0, 11, 1, 2, 12, 5, 10, 14, 7, 1, 10, 13, 0, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 15, 14, 3, 11, 5, 2, 12 }; /* Table - s4 */ static unsigned char s4[4][16] = { 7, 13, 14, 3, 0, 6, 9, 10, 1, 2, 8, 5, 11, 12, 4, 15, 13, 8, 11, 5, 6, 15, 0, 3, 4, 7, 2, 12, 1, 10, 14, 9, 10, 6, 9, 0, 12, 11, 7, 13, 15, 1, 3, 14, 5, 2, 8, 4, 3, 15, 0, 6, 10, 1, 13, 8, 9, 4, 5, 11, 12, 7, 2, 14 }; /* Table - s5 */ static unsigned char s5[4][16] = { 2, 12, 4, 1, 7, 10, 11, 6, 8, 5, 3, 15, 13, 0, 14, 9, 14, 11, 2, 12, 4, 7, 13, 1, 5, 0, 15, 10, 3, 9, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1, 11, 10, 13, 7, 8, 15, 9, 12, 5, 6, 3, 0, 14, 11, 8, 12, 7, 1, 14, 2, 13, 6, 15, 0, 9, 10, 4, 5, 3 }; /* Table - s6 */ static unsigned char s6[4][16] = { 12, 1, 10, 15, 9, 2, 6, 8, 0, 13, 3, 4, 14, 7, 5, 11, 10, 15, 4, 2, 7, 12, 9, 5, 6, 1, 13, 14, 0, 11, 3, 8, 9, 14, 15, 5, 2, 8, 12, 3, 7, 0, 4, 10, 1, 13, 11, 6, 4, 3, 2, 12, 9, 5, 15, 10, 11, 14, 1, 7, 6, 0, 8, 13 }; /* Table - s7 */ static unsigned char s7[4][16] = { 4, 11, 2, 14, 15, 0, 8, 13, 3, 12, 9, 7, 5, 10, 6, 1, 13, 0, 11, 7, 4, 9, 1, 10, 14, 3, 5, 12, 2, 15, 8, 6, 1, 4, 11, 13, 12, 3, 7, 14, 10, 15, 6, 8, 0, 5, 9, 2, 6, 11, 13, 8, 1, 4, 10, 7, 9, 5, 0, 15, 14, 2, 3, 12 }; /* Table - s8 */ static unsigned char s8[4][16] = { 13, 2, 8, 4, 6, 15, 11, 1, 10, 9, 3, 14, 5, 0, 12, 7, 1, 15, 13, 8, 10, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 6, 11, 0, 14, 9, 2, 7, 11, 4, 1, 9, 12, 14, 2, 0, 6, 10, 13, 15, 3, 5, 8, 2, 1, 14, 7, 4, 10, 8, 13, 15, 12, 9, 0, 3, 5, 6, 11 }; /* 密钥生成中的循环左移位的累计次数*/ static unsigned char totrot[] = { 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28 }; /*----------------------------------------------*/ //long mode = 1; //模式,1:加密,2:解密 //unsigned char bufferin[9], bufferout[9]; //明文,密文 /*----------------------------------------------*/ long i, j, k; long rotshift; //密钥移位次数 //long keylen, buflen; //密钥长度,明文长度 unsigned char keybuf[65]; //密钥,密钥64字节缓冲区 unsigned char keyreal[57], keys[17][49]; //实际使用56字节密钥,48字节密钥数组 unsigned char srcbuf[65], dstbuf[65]; //明文,密文64字节缓冲区 unsigned char L[17][33], R[17][33], LR[65], RL[65]; //加密时临时数据左右两部分 unsigned char E[17][49]; //R数组的扩展数据 unsigned char B[9][7], BB[33], P[33]; //E和K异或后的缓冲数组 unsigned char C[17][29], D[17][29], CD[57]; //56字节密钥的左右两部分 unsigned char temp1, temp2, m, n, x; //1.变换密钥 //密钥不足8字节则用0补足(或自定义) //keylen = strlen((const char*)key); //if(keylen<8) // memset(key+keylen, 0, (8-keylen)); //将8字节密钥转换为64字节字串 for(i=0;i<8;i++) { j = *(key+i); keybuf[8*i] = (j / 128) % 2; keybuf[8*i+1] = (j / 64) % 2; keybuf[8*i+2] = (j / 32) % 2; keybuf[8*i+3] = (j / 16) % 2; keybuf[8*i+4] = (j / 8) % 2; keybuf[8*i+5] = (j / 4) % 2; keybuf[8*i+6] = (j / 2) % 2; keybuf[8*i+7] = (j / 1) % 2; } //根据pc1进行变换成56字节,去掉奇偶校验位 for(i=0;i<56;i++) { keyreal[i] = keybuf[pc1[i]]; } //将56字节密钥分为左右两部分C[0],D[0] for(i=0;i<28;i++) { C[0][i] = keyreal[i]; D[0][i] = keyreal[i+28]; } //循环16次(i从1开始) for(i=1;i<17;i++) { //根据加密或解密确定密钥顺序 if(mode) //加密 rotshift = totrot[i-1]; else //解密 rotshift = totrot[16-i]; //1)左移固定位数得到C[i]和D[i]; for(j=0;j<28;j++) { C[i][j] = C[0][j]; D[i][j] = D[0][j]; } for(j=0;j < rotshift;j++) { temp1 = C[i][0]; temp2 = D[i][0]; for(k=0;k<27;k++) { C[i][k] = C[i][k+1]; D[i][k] = D[i][k+1]; } C[i][27] = temp1; D[i][27] = temp2; } //2)将C[i]D[i]用pc2化简为48位k[i]; for(j=0;j<28;j++) { CD[j] = C[i][j]; CD[j+28] = D[i][j]; } for(j=0;j<48;j++) { keys[i][j] = CD[pc2[j]]; } } //2.数据处理 //若明文不足8字节则补0(或自定义) //buflen = strlen((const char*)bufferin); //if(buflen<8) // memset(bufferin+buflen, 0, (8-buflen)); //将8字节数据转换为64字节字串 for(i=0;i<8;i++) { j = *(bufferin+i); srcbuf[i*8] = (j / 128) % 2; srcbuf[i*8+1] = (j / 64) % 2; srcbuf[i*8+2] = (j / 32) % 2; srcbuf[i*8+3] = (j / 16) % 2; srcbuf[i*8+4] = (j / 8) % 2; srcbuf[i*8+5] = (j / 4) % 2; srcbuf[i*8+6] = (j / 2) % 2; srcbuf[i*8+7] = (j / 1) % 2; } //将srcbuf按ip进行变换 for(i=0;i<64;i++) LR[i] = srcbuf[ip[i]]; //将64字节数据转换为两部分L[0],R[0] for(i=0;i<32;i++) { L[0][i] = LR[i]; R[0][i] = LR[i+32]; } //循环16次(i从1开始),用密钥加密数据 for(i=1;i<17;i++) { //1)将32位的R[i-1]按exp扩展为48位的E[i-1]; for(j=0;j<48;j++) { E[i-1][j] = R[i-1][exp[j]]; } //2)异或E[i-1]和K[i]; for(j=0;j<48;j++) { keys[i][j] = keys[i][j] ^ E[i-1][j]; } //3)将异或结果分为8个6位长的部分B[8] for(j=0;j<8;j++) { B[j][0] = keys[i][j*6]; B[j][1] = keys[i][j*6+1]; B[j][2] = keys[i][j*6+2]; B[j][3] = keys[i][j*6+3]; B[j][4] = keys[i][j*6+4]; B[j][5] = keys[i][j*6+5]; } //4)循环用S表替换(j从1开始) for(j=0;j<8;j++) { //a)B[j]第1位和第6位组合为M,作为S[j]的行号 m = 2 * B[j][0] + B[j][5]; //b)B[j]第2到5位组合为N,作为S[j]的列号 n = 2 * (2 * (2 * B[j][1] + B[j][2]) + B[j][3]) + B[j][4]; //c)用S[j][M][N]来取代B[j] switch(j) { case 0: x = s1[m][n]; break; case 1: x = s2[m][n]; break; case 2: x = s3[m][n]; break; case 3: x = s4[m][n]; break; case 4: x = s5[m][n]; break; case 5: x = s6[m][n]; break; case 6: x = s7[m][n]; break; case 7: x = s8[m][n]; break; } BB[j*4] = (x / 8) % 2; BB[j*4 + 1] = (x / 4) % 2; BB[j*4 + 2] = (x / 2) % 2; BB[j*4 + 3] = (x / 1) % 2; } //5)将B[1]到B[8]按P组合得到p for(j=0;j<32;j++) { P[j] = BB[pp[j]]; } //6)R[i] = p xor L[i-1];L[i] = R[i-1]; for(j=0;j<32;j++) { R[i][j] = P[j] ^ L[i-1][j]; L[i][j] = R[i-1][j]; } } //3.组合变换后的R[16]L[16]按ip_1变换得到最后结果 for(i=0;i<32;i++) { RL[i] = R[16][i]; RL[i+32] = L[16][i]; } for(i=0;i<64;i++) { dstbuf[i] = RL[ip_1[i]]; } //将64字节数据转换为8字节 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { *(bufferout + i) = 0x00; for (k = 0; k < 7; k++) *(bufferout + i) = ((*(bufferout + i)) + dstbuf[8*i+k]) * 2; *(bufferout + i) = *(bufferout + i) + dstbuf[8*i+7]; } return 0; }href="http://www.yinfor.com/css/SyntaxHighlighter.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><script language="javascript" src="http://www.yinfor.com/js/shCore.js"></script><script language="javascript" src="http://www.yinfor.com/js/shBrushCpp.js"></script><script language="javascript"> dp.SyntaxHighlighter.ClipboardSwf = 'http://www.yinfor.com/js/clipboard.swf'; dp.SyntaxHighlighter.HighlightAll('code'); </script>