foreach语法主要用于数组,也可以应用于任何的Collection对象。这是Java SE5中引入的被称为Iterable接口的原因。该接口包含一个产生Iterator的iterator()方法,并且Iterable接口被foreach用来在序列中移动。因此如果你创建了任何实现了Iterable的类,都可以将其用于foreach语句中。
一下是Iterable接口的源码:
/*
* Copyright (c) 2003, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
*/
package java.lang;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Spliterator;
import java.util.Spliterators;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
/**
* Implementing this interface allows an object to be the target of
* the "for-each loop" statement. See
* <strong>
* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/language/foreach.html">For-each Loop</a>
* </strong>
*
* @param <T> the type of elements returned by the iterator
*
* @since 1.5
* @jls 14.14.2 The enhanced for statement
*/
public interface Iterable<T> {
/**
* Returns an iterator over elements of type {@code T}.
*
* @return an Iterator.
*/
Iterator<T> iterator();
/**
* Performs the given action for each element of the {@code Iterable}
* until all elements have been processed or the action throws an
* exception. Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class,
* actions are performed in the order of iteration (if an iteration order
* is specified). Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the
* caller.
*
* @implSpec
* <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
* <pre>{@code
* for (T t : this)
* action.accept(t);
* }</pre>
*
* @param action The action to be performed for each element
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
* @since 1.8
*/
default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (T t : this) {
action.accept(t);
}
}
/**
* Creates a {@link Spliterator} over the elements described by this
* {@code Iterable}.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation creates an
* <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">early-binding</a></em>
* spliterator from the iterable's {@code Iterator}. The spliterator
* inherits the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterable's iterator.
*
* @implNote
* The default implementation should usually be overridden. The
* spliterator returned by the default implementation has poor splitting
* capabilities, is unsized, and does not report any spliterator
* characteristics. Implementing classes can nearly always provide a
* better implementation.
*
* @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements described by this
* {@code Iterable}.
* @since 1.8
*/
default Spliterator<T> spliterator() {
return Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iterator(), 0);
}
}
下面是一个实现Iterable接口的类,将其放入foreach语句中:
public class IterableClass implements Iterable<String> {
String[] words = ("And that is how we konw"
+ "the Earth to be banana-shaped.").split(" ");
public Iterator<String> iterator() {
return new Iterator<String>(){
private int index = 0;
public boolean hasNext() {
return index < words.length;
}
public String next() {
return words[index++];
}
};
}
}
测试类:
public class IterableClassTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(String s : new IterableClass()){
System.out.print(s + " ");
}
}
}
输出如下:
And that is how we konwthe Earth to be banana-shaped.
这里iterator()方法返回的是实现了Iterator<String>的匿名内部类的实例。该匿名内部类可以遍历数组中所有的单词,在main方法中,我们可以看到IterableClass确实可以用于foreach语句中。
下面咱们写个产生反向遍历的迭代器玩玩。
public class ReversibleArrayList<T> extends ArrayList<T> {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8711835951216698394L;
public ReversibleArrayList(Collection<T> c) {
super(c);
}
public Iterable<T> reverse() {
return new Iterable<T>() {
public Iterator<T> iterator() {
return new Iterator<T>(){
int current = size() - 1;
public boolean hasNext() {
return current > -1;
}
public T next() {
return get(current--);
}
};
}
};
}
}
测试类:
<pre name="code" class="java">public class ReversibleArrayListTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ReversibleArrayList<String> ral = new ReversibleArrayList<String>(
Arrays.asList("To be or not to be".split(" ")));
for (String s : ral) {
System.out.print(s + " ");
}
System.out.println();
for(String s : ral.reverse()){
System.out.print(s + " ");
}
}
}
To be or not to be
be to not or be To