Android进阶练习-让你的App可定位

让你的App可定位

用户一般随身携带他们的移动设备，一个独特的特性可用于移动应用程序的是位置识别，当你的应用合理的应用位置服务时，能为你的用户带来更好的移动体验

现在我们来学习怎么把位置服务功能加入到你的应用中，学习不同的方式来获取用户位置的更新和最佳使用位置服务的方法

通过本章你将会学到

使用位置服务管理器

学习在你的应用能使用位置管理服务前必须的一些设置

获取当前的位置

学习如何在我们的平台上使用基础的定位技术获取用户当前的位置

显示位置

学习如何使位置坐标信息变为用户的地址信息

介绍下在Android中的两种定位方式

1、gps定位：内置到手机当中(早期版本的Android手机可能没有此模块)，已成为手机的一个模块了，定位比较准确

2、基于网络的定位：这种定位方式需要手机联网，此种方式又分为基于基站定位(WI-FI)和GPRS定位(手机SIM卡)，其中基于      基站定位比较准      确，而基于GPRS定位一般不是很准确

Sample中具体实现的步骤

获取位置管理器，判断gps是否可用，如果不可用则引导用户去开启

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();

        // Check if the GPS setting is currently enabled on the device.
        // This verification should be done during onStart() because the system calls this method
        // when the user returns to the activity, which ensures the desired location provider is
        // enabled each time the activity resumes from the stopped state.
       // 获取位置服务管理器
        LocationManager locationManager =
                (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        //当前gps是否可用
        final boolean gpsEnabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);

        if (!gpsEnabled) {
            // Build an alert dialog here that requests that the user enable
            // the location services, then when the user clicks the "OK" button,
            // call enableLocationSettings()
        	// 转到gps设置界面，让用户设置
            new EnableGpsDialogFragment().show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "enableGpsDialog");
        }
    }

获取gps或network定位实例，并注册用户位置移动监听器

    // Set up fine and/or coarse location providers depending on whether the fine provider or
    // both providers button is pressed.
    private void setup() {
        Location gpsLocation = null;
        Location networkLocation = null;
        mLocationManager.removeUpdates(listener);
        mLatLng.setText(R.string.unknown);
        mAddress.setText(R.string.unknown);
        // Get fine location updates only.
        if (mUseFine) {
            mFineProviderButton.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.button_active);
            mBothProviderButton.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.button_inactive);
            // Request updates from just the fine (gps) provider.
            // 获取gps location实例
            gpsLocation = requestUpdatesFromProvider(
                    LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, R.string.not_support_gps);
            // Update the UI immediately if a location is obtained.
            if (gpsLocation != null) updateUILocation(gpsLocation);
        } else if (mUseBoth) {
            // Get coarse and fine location updates.
            mFineProviderButton.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.button_inactive);
            mBothProviderButton.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.button_active);
            // Request updates from both fine (gps) and coarse (network) providers.
            gpsLocation = requestUpdatesFromProvider(
                    LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, R.string.not_support_gps);
            //获取 network location实例
            networkLocation = requestUpdatesFromProvider(
                    LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, R.string.not_support_network);


            // If both providers return last known locations, compare the two and use the better
            // one to update the UI.  If only one provider returns a location, use it.
            if (gpsLocation != null && networkLocation != null) {
                updateUILocation(getBetterLocation(gpsLocation, networkLocation));
            } else if (gpsLocation != null) {
                updateUILocation(gpsLocation);
            } else if (networkLocation != null) {
                updateUILocation(networkLocation);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Method to register location updates with a desired location provider.  If the requested
     * provider is not available on the device, the app displays a Toast with a message referenced
     * by a resource id.
     *
     * @param provider Name of the requested provider.
     * @param errorResId Resource id for the string message to be displayed if the provider does
     *                   not exist on the device.
     * @return A previously returned {@link android.location.Location} from the requested provider,
     *         if exists.
     */
    //注册位置改变监听器
    private Location requestUpdatesFromProvider(final String provider, final int errorResId) {
        Location location = null;
        if (mLocationManager.isProviderEnabled(provider)) {
        	//注册监听器
            mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(provider, TEN_SECONDS, TEN_METERS, listener);
            //最后一次的位置信息会被保存
            location = mLocationManager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, errorResId, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
        return location;
    }

    //用户位置改变监听器
    private final LocationListener listener = new LocationListener() {


        @Override
        public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
            // A new location update is received.  Do something useful with it.  Update the UI with
            // the location update.
        	//当位置改变时更新用户位置信息
            updateUILocation(location);
        }


        @Override
        public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
        }


        @Override
        public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
        }


        @Override
        public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
        }
    };

使用AsyncTask来更新UI的方式，增强用户体验

    private void doReverseGeocoding(Location location) {
        // Since the geocoding API is synchronous and may take a while.  You don't want to lock
        // up the UI thread.  Invoking reverse geocoding in an AsyncTask.
        (new ReverseGeocodingTask(this)).execute(new Location[] {location});
    }

    // AsyncTask encapsulating the reverse-geocoding API.  Since the geocoder API is blocked,
    // we do not want to invoke it from the UI thread.
    private class ReverseGeocodingTask extends AsyncTask<Location, Void, Void> {
        Context mContext;


        public ReverseGeocodingTask(Context context) {
            super();
            mContext = context;
        }


        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Location... params) {
            Geocoder geocoder = new Geocoder(mContext, Locale.getDefault());


            Location loc = params[0];
            List<Address> addresses = null;
            try {
                addresses = geocoder.getFromLocation(loc.getLatitude(), loc.getLongitude(), 1);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                // Update address field with the exception.
                Message.obtain(mHandler, UPDATE_ADDRESS, e.toString()).sendToTarget();
            }
            if (addresses != null && addresses.size() > 0) {
                Address address = addresses.get(0);
                // Format the first line of address (if available), city, and country name.
                String addressText = String.format("%s, %s, %s",
                        address.getMaxAddressLineIndex() > 0 ? address.getAddressLine(0) : "",
                        address.getLocality(),
                        address.getCountryName());
                // Update address field on UI.
                Message.obtain(mHandler, UPDATE_ADDRESS, addressText).sendToTarget();
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

当你不再需要定位服务时，注意移除位置改变监听器

    // Stop receiving location updates whenever the Activity becomes invisible.
    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        mLocationManager.removeUpdates(listener);
    }

其实 让你的App来定位比较简单，主要分为

1、获取定位管理服务，选用恰当的定位方式(gps定位最准确，但定位时间比较长，network定位不是很准确尤其是在GPRS网络下，但定位所用 时      间极短)

2、注册用户位置改变监听器，获取用户的当前位置

3、异步更新UI(使用AsyncTask异步类)

最后需要注意的是使用定位服务需要android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION权限

Sample下载地址： http://www.android-doc.com/training/basics/location/index.html#