Android学习笔记（Google官方教程）（四）

用Fragment创建动态UI

创建Fragment

• 引入v4包或者v7包

创建一个Fragment类

• 需要重写关键的生命周期方法

• 与Activity不同的是，Fragment是回调onCreateView()来定义布局

  public class ArticleFragment extends Fragment {
      @Override
      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
          Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          // Inflate the layout for this fragment
          return inflater.inflate(R.layout.article_view, container, false);
      }
  }
  

使用XML为Activity添加一个Fragment

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
       setContentView(R.layout.news_articles);
    }
}

• v7包应该继承ActionBarActivity

构建合理的UI界面

• 使用FragmentManager去创建动态界面

在运行时为Activity添加Fragment

• 用FragmentManager创建FragmentTransaction
• 在Activity的onCreate()方法调用时初始化Fragments

• Activity必须拥有View组件插入Fragment

  getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                  .add(R.id.fragment_container, firstFragment).commit();
  

用一个Fragment替换另一个

• 为了让用户取消fragment的转换，在提交事务之前必须调用 addToBackStack()

  FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
  
  // Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
  // and add the transaction to the back stack so the user can navigate back
  transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
  transaction.addToBackStack(null);
  
  // Commit the transaction
  transaction.commit();
  

• addToBackStack()带一个指定的String参数，默认传递null

和其他Fragments进行通信

定义接口

public class HeadlinesFragment extends ListFragment {
OnHeadlineSelectedListener mCallback;

// Container Activity must implement this interface
public interface OnHeadlineSelectedListener {
    public void onArticleSelected(int position);
}

@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
    super.onAttach(activity);

    // This makes sure that the container activity has implemented
    // the callback interface. If not, it throws an exception
    try {
        mCallback = (OnHeadlineSelectedListener) activity;
    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
        throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()
                + " must implement OnHeadlineSelectedListener");
    }
}

...
}

* Fragment可以调用onArticleSelected()方法来传递给Activity信息，activity需要实现接口

传递给Fragment信息

• 通过findViewById()直接调用Fragment的公有方法