C++多态性(一)运算符重载

<1>运算符重载为成员函数

双目运算符：+，-

 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
	public:
		Complex(double r=0.0,double i=0.0):real(r),imag(i){}
		Complex operator+(const Complex &c)const;
		Complex operator-(const Complex &c)const;
		void display()const;
	private:
		double real,imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator+(const Complex &c)const
{
	return Complex(real+c.real,imag+c.imag);
}
Complex Complex::operator-(const Complex &c)const
{
	return Complex(real-c.real,imag-c.imag);
}
void Complex::display()const
{
	cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<")"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
	Complex cmp1(1,3),cmp2(2.3,4.5);
	(cmp1+cmp2).display();
	Complex cmp3=cmp1+cmp2;
	cmp3.display();
	return 0;
}

 

 

单目运算符：++，--

 

 

 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class CLOCK
{
	public:
		CLOCK(int hour=0,int minute=0,int second=0);
		void SHOWTIME()const;
		CLOCK(const CLOCK &clock);
		CLOCK& operator++();//前置单目运算符没有参数 
		CLOCK operator++(int);//后置单目运算符有一个int型参数 
	private:
		int hour;
		int minute;
		int second; 
};
CLOCK::CLOCK(const CLOCK &clock)
{
	hour=clock.hour;
	minute=clock.minute;
	second=clock.second;
}
CLOCK::CLOCK(int hour,int minute,int second)
{
	if(hour<0||hour>23
	|| minute<0||minute>59
	|| second<0||second>59)
	{
		cout<<"SET TIME ERROR!"<<endl; 
		return;
	}
	this->hour=hour;
	this->minute=minute;
	this->second=second;
}
void CLOCK::SHOWTIME()const
{
	cout<<hour<<":"<<minute<<":"<<second<<endl;
}
CLOCK& CLOCK::operator++()
{
	second++;
	if(second>=60)
	{
		second-=60;
		minute++;
		if(minute>=60)
		{
			minute-=60;
			hour=(hour+1)%24;
		}
	}
}

CLOCK CLOCK::operator++(int)
{
	CLOCK clock=*this;
	++(*this);//调用前置单目运算符"++operator" 
	return clock;
}

int main()
{
	CLOCK clockerror(56,12,4);
	CLOCK clock1(2,45,6);
	CLOCK clock2=clock1;
	CLOCK clock3;
	for(int i=1;i<=888;i++)
	{
		clock3=clock1++;
		++clock2;
	}
	clock1.SHOWTIME();
	clock2.SHOWTIME();
	clock3.SHOWTIME();
	return 0;
}

 

<2>运算符为非成员函数：形参的顺序从左到右就是操作符的顺序，如果需要访问类的私有成员，需要定义友元函数。

 

 

 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
	public:
		Complex(double r=0.0,double i=0.0):real(r),imag(i){}
		friend Complex operator+(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
		friend Complex operator-(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
		friend void display(Complex &c);
	private:
		double real,imag;
};
Complex operator+(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{
	return Complex(c1.real+c2.real,c1.imag+c2.imag);
}
Complex operator-(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{
	return Complex(c1.real-c2.real,c1.imag-c2.imag);
}
void display(Complex &c)
{
	cout<<"("<<c.real<<","<<c.imag<<")"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
	Complex cmp1(1,3),cmp2(2.3,4.5);
	Complex cmp3=cmp1+cmp2;
	display(cmp3);
	return 0;
}