管理系统中的简单分区和文件系统
=========一.查看系统设备信息==========
#fdisk -l ##显示系统中所有可以使用的设备信息
#blkid ##显示系统正在使用的设备id(显示的是可用的)
=========二.创建新分区===========
1.
#fdisk /dev/vdb
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition ##删除分区
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types ##列出系统可用的分区类型
m print this menu ##帮助
n add a new partition ##新建分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table ##显示分区
q quit without saving changes ##退出不保存
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id ##修改分区功能id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit ##保存更改到分区表中
x extra functionality (experts only)
注意:出现这个情况怎麼办(显示磁盘没有分区,但是不能对它进行分区)
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): +1G
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2097152-20971519, default 20971519): ^C
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 20970332 10484142+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
分区后要进行
#partprobe
#cat /proc/partitions可以查看分区情况
示例如下:
------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@station ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 20970332 10484142+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2096d4d2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vdb4 6293504 7317503 512000 5 Extended
/dev/vdb5 6295552 6500351 102400 83 Linux
/dev/vdb6 6502400 7317503 407552 83 Linux
[root@station ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
253 17 1048576 vdb1
253 18 1048576 vdb2
253 19 1048576 vdb3
253 20 1 vdb4
253 21 102400 vdb5
253 22 407552 vdb6
--------------------------------------------------------------------
=========三.系统文件的创建===========
1.文件系统比较
Windows下:
ntfs;fat(可用于linux)
Linux下:
ext4;(分布式读取)是 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 的标准文件系统。它非常强大可靠 , 具有多项可以提高现代工作量处理性能的功能
ext2;(分布式读取)是常用于 Linux 中的较旧的文件系统。它简单可靠 , 非常适合小型存储设备 , 但是效率低于 ext
vfat;(链式读取)支持包括一系列相关文件系统 ( VFAT/FAT16 和FAT32 ), 这些文件系统针对较旧版本的 Microsoft Windows开发 , 在大量的系统和设备上受支持
xfs;(读取速度快)在 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 的标准文件系统其具备数据完全性 、性能稳定、扩展性强( 18eb )、传输速率高( 7G+/s )
2.文件系统创建示例:
[root@station ~]# history
1 cat /proc/partitions
2 blkid ##查看当前可用的设备
3 mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb2 ##格式化文件系统
4 blkid ##查看当前可用的设备(/dev/vdb2也可以使用了)
5 mount /dev/vdb2 /mnt ##一次性的挂载,关机会失效
6 df
7 umount /mnt/ ##取消挂载
8 df
9 vim /etc/fstab ##开机自动挂载(上次做的那/etc/rc.d/rc.local是系统最后才扫描的)
10 mount -a ##重新加载上面的文件,使新增内容生效
[root@station ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
253 17 1048576 vdb1
253 18 1048576 vdb2
[root@station ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
[root@station ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb2
meta-data=/dev/vdb2 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@station ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb2: UUID="45f7eda1-3bfb-47f2-b73c-218db2d0de88" TYPE="xfs"
[root@station ~]# mount /dev/vdb2 /mnt
[root@station ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3207152 7266748 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 84 942576 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 676 941984 1% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb2 1038336 32928 1005408 4% /mnt
[root@station ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@station ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3207152 7266748 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 84 942576 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 676 941984 1% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
[root@station ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@station ~]# mount -a
[root@station ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3207156 7266744 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 84 942576 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 676 941984 1% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb2 1038336 32928 1005408 4% /mnt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
还原设置:
[root@localhost ~]# history
2 df ##查看设备挂载情况
3 umount /mnt ##取消挂载
4 vim /etc/fstab ##打开你编写的那个文件,把自己写的那行删除
5 fdisk /dev/vdb ##删除分区
6 partprobe
7 df
8 fdisk -l
=========一.查看系统设备信息==========
#fdisk -l ##显示系统中所有可以使用的设备信息
#blkid ##显示系统正在使用的设备id(显示的是可用的)
=========二.创建新分区===========
1.
#fdisk /dev/vdb
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition ##删除分区
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types ##列出系统可用的分区类型
m print this menu ##帮助
n add a new partition ##新建分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table ##显示分区
q quit without saving changes ##退出不保存
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id ##修改分区功能id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit ##保存更改到分区表中
x extra functionality (experts only)
注意:出现这个情况怎麼办(显示磁盘没有分区,但是不能对它进行分区)
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): +1G
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2097152-20971519, default 20971519): ^C
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 20970332 10484142+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
##用文件划分磁盘的方法
分区后要进行
#partprobe
#cat /proc/partitions可以查看分区情况
示例如下:
------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@station ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 20970332 10484142+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2096d4d2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vdb4 6293504 7317503 512000 5 Extended
/dev/vdb5 6295552 6500351 102400 83 Linux
/dev/vdb6 6502400 7317503 407552 83 Linux
[root@station ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
253 17 1048576 vdb1
253 18 1048576 vdb2
253 19 1048576 vdb3
253 20 1 vdb4
253 21 102400 vdb5
253 22 407552 vdb6
--------------------------------------------------------------------
=========三.系统文件的创建===========
1.文件系统比较
Windows下:
ntfs;fat(可用于linux)
Linux下:
ext4;(分布式读取)是 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 的标准文件系统。它非常强大可靠 , 具有多项可以提高现代工作量处理性能的功能
ext2;(分布式读取)是常用于 Linux 中的较旧的文件系统。它简单可靠 , 非常适合小型存储设备 , 但是效率低于 ext
vfat;(链式读取)支持包括一系列相关文件系统 ( VFAT/FAT16 和FAT32 ), 这些文件系统针对较旧版本的 Microsoft Windows开发 , 在大量的系统和设备上受支持
xfs;(读取速度快)在 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 的标准文件系统其具备数据完全性 、性能稳定、扩展性强( 18eb )、传输速率高( 7G+/s )
2.文件系统创建示例:
[root@station ~]# history
1 cat /proc/partitions
2 blkid ##查看当前可用的设备
3 mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb2 ##格式化文件系统
4 blkid ##查看当前可用的设备(/dev/vdb2也可以使用了)
5 mount /dev/vdb2 /mnt ##一次性的挂载,关机会失效
6 df
7 umount /mnt/ ##取消挂载
8 df
9 vim /etc/fstab ##开机自动挂载(上次做的那/etc/rc.d/rc.local是系统最后才扫描的)
10 mount -a ##重新加载上面的文件,使新增内容生效
11 df ##查看挂载情况
[root@station ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
253 17 1048576 vdb1
253 18 1048576 vdb2
[root@station ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
[root@station ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb2
meta-data=/dev/vdb2 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@station ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb2: UUID="45f7eda1-3bfb-47f2-b73c-218db2d0de88" TYPE="xfs"
[root@station ~]# mount /dev/vdb2 /mnt
[root@station ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3207152 7266748 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 84 942576 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 676 941984 1% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb2 1038336 32928 1005408 4% /mnt
[root@station ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@station ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3207152 7266748 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 84 942576 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 676 941984 1% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
[root@station ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@station ~]# mount -a
[root@station ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3207156 7266744 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 84 942576 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 676 941984 1% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb2 1038336 32928 1005408 4% /mnt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
还原设置:
[root@localhost ~]# history
2 df ##查看设备挂载情况
3 umount /mnt ##取消挂载
4 vim /etc/fstab ##打开你编写的那个文件,把自己写的那行删除
5 fdisk /dev/vdb ##删除分区
6 partprobe
7 df
8 fdisk -l