Linux基本分区管理

基本分区管理：

分区（基本分区）、格式化、挂载
分区工具    fdisk msdos

分区工具   parted msdos 或 GPT

sectors 扇区 512B centos6+
cylinders 柱面
Block size 块大小 1024B 2048B 4096B 文件系统分配最小单元

一、分区工具fdisk MBR（msdos）
1. 查看新设备是否发现
# ll /dev/sd* //查看Kernel识别到的设备
# fdisk -cul //u以扇区的方式查看

2. 分区
# fdisk -cu /dev/sdb //分区
Command (m for help): m
Command action
d delete a partition
m print this menu
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
t change a partition's system id
w write table to disk and exit
# ll /dev/sd*
# partx -a /dev/sdb //让内核刷新分区表
# ll /dev/sd*

3. 格式化（创建文件系统）
Windwos: FAT,FAT32,NTFS
Linux: VFAT,Ext2,Ext3, Ext4, XFS,GFS,GFS2

最大文件系统大小
最大单个文件大小

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 //100M的分区
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= 1024 (log=0) //块大小1024B (1K)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
25688 inodes, 102400 blocks
9765 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 //1G的分区
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= 4096 (log=2) //块大小4096B (4K)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
12207 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

4. 挂载
建立挂载点
# mkdir /mnt/disk1 //建立挂载点，挂载点建议是空目录，例如/var/lib/mysql/data
# mkdir /mnt/disk2

挂载
手动: 临时
[root@Server ~]# mount -o ro -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk1
[root@Server ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/disk2

[root@Server ~]# mount
/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/disk1 type ext4 (ro)
/dev/sdb2 on /mnt/disk2 type ext4 (rw)
[root@Server ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sdb1 97M 5.6M 87M 7% /mnt/disk1
/dev/sdb2 1008M 34M 924M 4% /mnt/disk2

[root@Server ~]# cat /proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=111856k,nr_inodes=27964,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/vda2 / ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
/proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/vda1 /boot ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda1 /mnt/disk1 ext4 ro, relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/sda2 /mnt/disk2 ext4 rw, relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0

开机自动挂载 方案一：/etc/fstab
[root@Server ~]# umount /dev/sdb1
[root@Server ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="653a949d-ebf5-4543-9f67-4b71cbe5cf2b" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="7ca49b1d-5359-413f-83aa-ed51c7421877" TYPE="ext4"
[root@Server ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID="653a949d-ebf5-4543-9f67-4b71cbe5cf2b" /mnt/disk1 ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID="7ca49b1d-5359-413f-83aa-ed51c7421877" /mnt/disk2 ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@Server ~]# mount -a //读取/etc/fstab并挂载


二、分区工具parted msdos 或 GPT
命令行
交互式
[root@Server ~]# parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) print
(parted) mkpart primary 1M 1T
(parted) mkpart primary 1T 3T
(parted) mkpart primary 3T 3.1T
(parted) print
(parted) mkpart primary 3100GB 5T
(parted) mkpart primary 5000GB 6T
(parted) mkpart primary 6T 7T
(parted) print
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 1000GB 1000GB primary
2 1000GB 3000GB 2000GB primary
3 3000GB 3100GB 100GB primary
4 3100GB 5000GB 1900GB primary
5 5000GB 6000GB 1000GB primary
6 6000GB 7000GB 1000GB primary
(parted) rm 6
(parted) print
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@Server ~]# partx -a /dev/sdc
[root@Server ~]# ll /dev/sdc*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 32 Jan 9 16:07 /dev/sdc
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 33 Jan 9 16:06 /dev/sdc1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 34 Jan 9 16:06 /dev/sdc2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 35 Jan 9 16:06 /dev/sdc3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 36 Jan 9 16:06 /dev/sdc4

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 37 Jan 9 16:06 /dev/sdc5

天地那么大，世界那么辽阔，再次相遇也不是没有可能的 2017.3.4