解析XML格式的数据

在网上传输数据时最常用的格式有两种：XML和JSON。

1.解析XML格式

有两种解析方法：Pull和SAX

需要解析的XML格式的内容如下：

<apps>
	<app>
		<id>1</id>
		<name>Google Maps</name>
		<version>1.0</version>
	</app>
	<app>
		<id>21</id>
		<name>Google</name>
		<version>2.11.0</version>
	</app>
	<app>
		<id>3</id>
		<name>Maps</name>
		<version>2.3</version>
	</app>
</apps>

Pull解析方式：

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
    private Button btn;
    private TextView tv;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
        tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);
        tv.setOnClickListener(
        new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                sendRequestWithHttpClient();
            }
        });
    }

    private void sendRequestWithHttpClient(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
                    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://127.0.0.1/get_data.xml");
                    HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
                    if(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
                        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                        String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
                        parseXMLWithPull(response);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();


    }

    private void parseXMLWithPull(String response) {
        try {
            XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
            XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
            xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(response));  //将服务器返回的XML文件设置进去就可以进行解析了
            int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();  //获得当前的解析事件
            String id = "";
            String name = "";
            String version = "";
            while(eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT){
                String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
                switch (eventType){
//                    开始解析某个节点
                    case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:{
                        if("id".equals(nodeName)) {
                            id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                        }else if("name".equals(nodeName)){
                            name = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                        }else if("version".equals(nodeName)){
                            version = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                        }
                        break;
                    }
//                    完成解析某个节点
                    case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:{
                        if("app".equals(nodeName)){
                            Log.d("MainActivity","id is "+ id);
                            Log.d("MainActivity","name is "+ name);
                            Log.d("MainActivity","id is "+ version);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
            }
        } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

解读代码：

首先获得一个XmlPullParserFactory的实例，通过这个实例获得XmlPullParser对象，然后调用XmlPullParser的setInput()方法将服务器返回的XML数据设置进去就可以解析了。通过getEventType()可以得到当前的解析事件，然后在一个while循环中不断解析，如果当前的解析事件不等于XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT，说明解析还未完成，调用next()方法可以获得下一个解析事件。

SAX解析：
通常会新建一个类继承自DeaultHandler,并重写父类的5个方法，如下：

public class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler {

//      此方法会在开始XML解析的时候调用
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        super.startDocument();
    }
//      此方法会在开始解析某个节点的时候调用
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes);
    }
//      此方法会在获取节点内容的时候调用
    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        super.characters(ch, start, length);
    }
//      解析完某个节点调用
    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
    }

//    完成整个XML解析时调用
    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        super.endDocument();
    }

}

其中startElement()、characters()、endElement()这三个方法是有参数的，从XML中解析出来的数据会以参数的形式传入这些方法中。

public class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler {
    private String nodeName;
    private StringBuilder id;
    private StringBuilder name;
    private StringBuilder version;

//      此方法会在开始XML解析的时候调用
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        id = new StringBuilder();
        name = new StringBuilder();
        version = new StringBuilder();
    }
//      此方法会在开始解析某个节点的时候调用
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
//        记录当前节点名
        nodeName = localName;
    }
//      此方法会在获取节点内容的时候调用
    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
//        根据当前的节点名判断将内容添加到哪一个StringBuilder对象中
        if("id".equals(nodeName)){
            id.append(ch,start,length);
        }else if("name".equals(nodeName)){
            name.append(nodeName,start,length);
        }else if(version.equals(nodeName)){
            version.append(nodeName,start,length);
        }
    }
//      解析完某个节点调用
    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        if("app".equals(localName)){
            Log.d("MyHandler","id is"+id.toString().trim());
            Log.d("MyHandler","name is"+name.toString().trim());
            Log.d("MyHandler","version is"+version.toString().trim());
//            最后将StringBuilder清空掉
            id.setLength(0);
            name.setLength(0);
            version.setLength(0);
        }
    }

//    完成整个XML解析时调用
    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        super.endDocument();
    }

}

MainActivity中的代码：

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
    private Button btn;
    private TextView tv;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
        tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);
        tv.setOnClickListener(
        new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                sendRequestWithHttpClient();
            }
        });
    }

    private void sendRequestWithHttpClient(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
                    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://127.0.0.1/get_data.xml");
                    HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
                    if(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
                        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                        String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
                        parseXMLWithSAX(response);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();


    }

    private void parseXMLWithSAX(String response) {
        try {
            SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
            XMLReader xmlReader= factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
            MyHandler myHandler = new MyHandler();
//            将MyHandler的实例设置到XMLReader中
            xmlReader.setContentHandler(myHandler);
//            开始执行
            xmlReader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(response)));
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }