http://blog.csdn.net/nanzhiwen666/article/details/12224489
前段时间因为项目的需求,而需要自定义控件的AttributeSet属性,那么我们什么时候需要这种方法来自定义控件呢?好了,不卖关子啦,直接进入主题,一般是当项目中遇到这样的场景需要自定义控件的AttributeSet属性:一个自定义控件的有些属性内容是随着外部条件而动态改变的,for example:一个自定义的ListView控件,需要在底部添加一个View,而这个View在不同的模块使用中传入的View是不同的,这时候有两种方法,一种方法就是在自定义ListView控件类中提供一个公开的接口给外部调用从而将View动态的传入进去;另外一种方法就是在通过自定义控件属性,直接类似于系统属性如Android:textsize 的用法 app:boottomView; 通过第二种方法自定义控件在XML中使用时和系统控件的属性使用方法一样,很简单、方便,而且动态、灵活、更具模块框架化,其属性内容直接在xml中动态配置,不了解其原理的人也能将该控件整合到自己的项目中快速使用起来。
自定义控件的AttributeSet属性步骤大致如下:
一、 首先要在res/values目录下建立一个attrs.xml(名字可以自己定义)的文件,并在此文件中增加对控件的属性的定义.其xml文件如下所示:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <declare-styleable name="my_text_view">
- <attr name="text_size" format="float"></attr>
- <attr name="text_color" format="color"></attr>
- <attr name="text_back_ground" format="color|reference"></attr>
- </declare-styleable>
- </resources>
在这里,需要补充attrs属性的相关知识,即Attr属性是如何在XML中定义的,自定义属性的Value值可以有10种类型以及其类型的组合值,其具体使用方法如下:
- 1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "名称">
- <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <ImageView
- android:layout_width = "42dip"
- android:layout_height = "42dip"
- android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
- />
- 2. color:颜色值。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "名称">
- <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <TextView
- android:layout_width = "42dip"
- android:layout_height = "42dip"
- android:textColor = "#00FF00"
- />
- 3. boolean:布尔值。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "名称">
- <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <Button
- android:layout_width = "42dip"
- android:layout_height = "42dip"
- android:focusable = "true"
- />
- 4. dimension:尺寸值。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "名称">
- <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <Button
- android:layout_width = "42dip"
- android:layout_height = "42dip"
- />
- 5. float:浮点值。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
- <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
- <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <alpha
- android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
- android:toAlpha = "0.7"
- />
- 6. integer:整型值。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
- <attr name = "visible" />
- <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
- <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
- <attr name = "pivotX" />
- <attr name = "pivotY" />
- <attr name = "drawable" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <animated-rotate
- xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"
- android:pivotX = "50%"
- android:pivotY = "50%"
- android:framesCount = "12"
- android:frameDuration = "100"
- />
- 7. string:字符串。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
- <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <com.google.android.maps.MapView
- android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
- android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
- android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
- />
- 8. fraction:百分数。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
- <attr name = "visible" />
- <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
- <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
- <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
- <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
- <attr name = "drawable" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <rotate
- xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
- android:fromDegrees = "0"
- android:toDegrees = "360"
- android:pivotX = "200%"
- android:pivotY = "300%"
- android:duration = "5000"
- android:repeatMode = "restart"
- android:repeatCount = "infinite"
- />
- 9. enum:枚举值。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="orientation">
- <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
- <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
- </attr>
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <LinearLayout
- xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation = "vertical"
- android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
- android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
- >
- </LinearLayout>
- 10. flag:位或运算。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
- <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
- <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
- <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
- <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
- <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
- <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
- <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
- <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
- <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
- <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
- </attr>
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <activity
- android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
- android:label = "@string/app_name"
- android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- 注意:
- 属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
- (1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "名称">
- <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
- </declare-styleable>
- (2)属性使用:
- <ImageView
- android:layout_width = "42dip"
- android:layout_height = "42dip"
- android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
- />
二、接下来实现自定义View的类,其中下面的构造方法是重点,在代码中获取自定义属性,其代码如下:
- package com.example.CustomAttr;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.res.TypedArray;
- import android.graphics.Paint;
- import android.util.AttributeSet;
- import android.util.TypedValue;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- /**
- * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
- * User: zhiwen.nan
- * Date: 13-9-28
- * Time: 下午10:00
- * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
- */
- public class CustomTextView extends TextView {
- private TypedArray mTypedArray;
- private Paint mPaint;
- public CustomTextView(Context context) {
- super(context);
- }
- public CustomTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
- super(context, attrs);
- inial(context,attrs);
- }
- public CustomTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
- super(context, attrs, defStyle);
- inial(context,attrs);
- }
- private void inial(Context context,AttributeSet attrs) {
- TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.my_text_view);
- float textsize = typedArray.getFloat(R.styleable.my_text_view_text_size,14) ;
- int textColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.my_text_view_text_color,0xFFFFFF) ;
- int bgColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.my_text_view_text_back_ground,0xFFFFFF) ;
- super.setTextColor(textColor);
- super.setTextSize(textsize);
- super.setBackgroundColor(bgColor);
- typedArray.recycle();
- }
- }
三、接下来在XML布局中引用自定义View控件,其XML代码如下:
- ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.CustomAttr"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- >
- <com.example.CustomAttr.CustomTextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="Hello World, MainActivity"
- app:text_size ="20"
- app:text_color ="#00FF00"
- app:text_back_ground="#ffffff"
- />
- </LinearLayout>
注意上面XML中代码: xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.CustomAttr",是自定义的app命名空间,res后面是应用程序包名,然后可以直接使用app:text_size,等属性,其值类型要和attrs.xml定义的属性Value值相对应。
四、总结:
注意该例子中是使用app:text_size = "20 和app:text_color="#00FF00定义TextView的颜色和textView的字体大小,而不是使用系统的属性android:textsize等。该例子中只是起到抛砖引玉的作用,你可以自定义其他属性,来实现你想要的自定义View效果。
例子资源下载: http://download.csdn.net/detail/nanzhiwen666/6346979