简单的Python类

简单的python类

        Python是一门面向对象的语言，同样有类的概念。类包含成员变量、静态变量、构造函数、析构函数、成员函数，静态函数等。所有变量和函数都要加限定符：成员变量需要加self引用，静态变量则要加self或者类名引用，且在所有类方法的外部定义。同时有权限的概念，保证封装的特性，以及继承的概念。在函数或变量名前面加上两个下划线前缀，将变为私有的属性，外部不可引用。如name -> __name 和 toString -> __toString。注意下面的成员都是公有的，也就是外面可以访问。

        这里建一个名为oop.py的Python文件：

#this is a python class
#notice all the members and functions are public, add __ before the member or function name and it will become private
class Province:
	
	#this is a static member of the whole class
	staticMember = 1

	#constructor function
	def __init__(self, name, capital, leader):
		self.name = name
		self.capital = capital
		self.leader = leader
	#deconstructor
	def __del__(self):
		print self.name + ' : deconstructor executing...'
	#member function, must has the self as the argument
	def toString(self):
		print 'name : ' + self.name + '; capital : ' + self.capital + '; leader : ' + self.leader 

	#use the annotation to label the static method
	@staticmethod
	def sports_meet():
		print 'every province can have sport meeting!'
#instance
sd = Province('ShangDong', 'JiNan', 'ZhangSan')
hb = Province('HeiBei', 'ShiJiaZhuang', 'LiSi')

#call the member function
sd.toString()
hb.toString()

#print the static member by class which can be accessed
print Province.staticMember

#call the static member method by class
Province.sports_meet()

运行命令：

python oop.py

结果：

name : ShangDong; capital : JiNan; leader : ZhangSan
name : HeiBei; capital : ShiJiaZhuang; leader : LiSi
1
every province can have sport meeting!
HeiBei : deconstructor executing...
ShangDong : deconstructor executing...