下面说的都是HttpClient3.1版本的时候,然后再说HttpClient 4 版本
1、GET方式
第一步、创建一个客户端,类似于你用浏览器打开一个网页
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
第二步、创建一个GET方法,用来获取到你需要抓取的网页URL
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod("http://www.baidu.com");
第三步、获得网址的响应状态码,200表示请求成功
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
第四步、获取网页的源码
byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
主要就这四步,当然还有其他很多东西,比如网页编码的问题
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod("http://www.baidu.com/");
try {
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
System.err.println("Method failed: "
+ getMethod.getStatusLine());
}
// 读取内容
byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
// 处理内容
String html = new String(responseBody);
System.out.println(html);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("页面无法访问");
}finally{
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
2、Post方式
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(UrlPath);
postMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER,new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
NameValuePair[] postData = new NameValuePair[2];
postData[0] = new NameValuePair("username", "xkey");
postData[1] = new NameValuePair("userpass", "********");
postMethod.setRequestBody(postData);
try {
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
byte[] responseBody = postMethod.getResponseBody();
String html = new String(responseBody);
System.out.println(html);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("页面无法访问");
}finally{
postMethod.releaseConnection();
}
这个例子传递了两个Post参数:username为xkey,userpass为********,传递给网址UrlPath
如果需要了解获取gzip网页的信息可以参考http://www.cnblogs.com/modou/articles/1325569.html
另外就是获取非字符数据,这样可以使用下面的方法
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod("http://www.baidu.com");
try {
InputStream inputStream = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
// 这里处理 inputStream
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("页面无法访问");
}finally{
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
class HttpClientTest {
public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 初始化,此处构造函数就与3.1中不同
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("www.google.cn");
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/");
// 查看默认request头部信息
System.out.println("Accept-Charset:" + httpget.getFirstHeader("Accept-Charset"));
// 以下这条如果不加会发现无论你设置Accept-Charset为gbk还是utf-8,他都会默认返回gb2312(本例针对google.cn来说)
httpget.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.2)");
// 用逗号分隔显示可以同时接受多种编码
httpget.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-cn,zh;q=0.5");
httpget.setHeader("Accept-Charset", "GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7");
// 验证头部信息设置生效
System.out.println("Accept-Charset:" + httpget.getFirstHeader("Accept-Charset").getValue());
// Execute HTTP request
System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httpget);
//HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Location: " + response.getLastHeader("Location"));
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
System.out.println(response.getLastHeader("Content-Type"));
System.out.println(response.getLastHeader("Content-Length"));
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
// 判断页面返回状态判断是否进行转向抓取新链接
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if ((statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY) ||
(statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) ||
(statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_SEE_OTHER) ||
(statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT)) {
// 此处重定向处理 此处还未验证
String newUri = response.getLastHeader("Location").getValue();
httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpget = new HttpGet(newUri);
response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
}
// Get hold of the response entity
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
// 查看所有返回头部信息
Header headers[] = response.getAllHeaders();
int ii = 0;
while (ii < headers.length) {
System.out.println(headers[ii].getName() + ": " + headers[ii].getValue());
++ii;
}
// If the response does not enclose an entity, there is no need
// to bother about connection release
if (entity != null) {
// 将源码流保存在一个byte数组当中,因为可能需要两次用到该流,
byte[] bytes = EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity);
String charSet = "";
// 如果头部Content-Type中包含了编码信息,那么我们可以直接在此处获取
charSet = EntityUtils.getContentCharSet(entity);
System.out.println("In header: " + charSet);
// 如果头部中没有,那么我们需要 查看页面源码,这个方法虽然不能说完全正确,因为有些粗糙的网页编码者没有在页面中写头部编码信息
if (charSet == "") {
regEx="(?=<meta).*?(?<=charset=[\\'|\\\"]?)([[a-z]|[A-Z]|[0-9]|-]*)";
p=Pattern.compile(regEx, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
m=p.matcher(new String(bytes)); // 默认编码转成字符串,因为我们的匹配中无中文,所以串中可能的乱码对我们没有影响
result=m.find();
if (m.groupCount() == 1) {
charSet = m.group(1);
} else {
charSet = "";
}
}
System.out.println("Last get: " + charSet);
// 至此,我们可以将原byte数组按照正常编码专成字符串输出(如果找到了编码的话)
System.out.println("Encoding string is: " + new String(bytes, charSet));
}
httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
}