java 中如何创建不可变并且static的map

final修饰变量

被final修改的变量表示引用不可变。但是里面的内容是可以变得。

常见的错误做法

public class Test {

  private static final Map map;
  static {
    map = new HashMap();
    map.put(1, "one");
    map.put(2, "two");
  }
}

上述代码虽然不能给map重新设置引用，但是里面的内容是可变的。

正确的做法 (通过Collections.unmodifiableMap)

public class Test {

  private static final Map map;
  static {
    Map aMap = new HashMap();
    aMap.put(1, "one");
    aMap.put(2, "two");
    map = Collections.unmodifiableMap(aMap);
  }
}

如果现在往map里添加元素，则抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常

Collections.unmodifiableMap源码分析

private static class UnmodifiableMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V>, Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -1034234728574286014L;

        private final Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m;

        UnmodifiableMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
            if (m==null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            this.m = m;
        }

        public int size()                        {return m.size();}
        public boolean isEmpty()                 {return m.isEmpty();}
        public boolean containsKey(Object key)   {return m.containsKey(key);}
        public boolean containsValue(Object val) {return m.containsValue(val);}
        public V get(Object key)                 {return m.get(key);}

        public V put(K key, V value) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
        public V remove(Object key) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
        public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
        public void clear() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }