总结:
当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。
当应用需要通过ContentProvider对外共享数据时,第一步需要继承ContentProvider并重写下面方法:
public class PersonContentProvider extendsContentProvider{
public boolean onCreate()
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values)
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs)
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,String[] selectionArgs)
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder)
public String getType(Uri uri)}
第二步需要在AndroidManifest.xml使用<provider>对该ContentProvider进行配置,为了能让其他应用找到该ContentProvider, ContentProvider 采用了authorities(主机名/域名)对它进行唯一标识,你可以把 ContentProvider看作是一个网站(想想,网站也是提供数据者),authorities就是他的域名:
<manifest .... >
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon"android:label="@string/app_name">
<provider android:name=".PersonContentProvider"android:authorities="cn.itcast.provider.personprovider"/>
</application>
</manifest>
注意:一旦应用继承了ContentProvider类,后面我们就会把这个应用称为ContentProvider(内容提供者)。
ContentProvider(内容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定, scheme为:content://
主机名(或叫Authority)用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider,外部调用者可以根据这个标识来找到它。
路径(path)可以用来表示我们要操作的数据,路径的构建应根据业务而定,如下:
要操作person表中id为10的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/person/10
要操作person表中id为10的记录的name字段, person/10/name
要操作person表中的所有记录,可以构建这样的路径:/person
要操作xxx表中的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/xxx
当然要操作的数据不一定来自数据库,也可以是文件、xml或网络等他存储方式,如下:
要操作xml文件中person节点下的name节点,可以构建这样的路径:/person/name
如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri,可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法,如下:
Uri uri =Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person")
使用ContentResolver对ContentProvider中的数据进行添加、删除、修改和查询操作:
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri =Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person");
//添加一条记录
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name","itcast");
values.put("age", 25);
resolver.insert(uri, values);
//获取person表中所有记录
Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null,null, null, "personid desc");
while(cursor.moveToNext()){
Log.i("ContentTest","personid="+ cursor.getInt(0)+ ",name="+cursor.getString(1));
}
//把id为1的记录的name字段值更改新为liming
ContentValues updateValues = newContentValues();
updateValues.put("name","liming");
Uri updateIdUri =ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 2);
resolver.update(updateIdUri, updateValues,null, null);
//删除id为2的记录
Uri deleteIdUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri,2);
resolver.delete(deleteIdUri, null, null);
ContentUris类用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分,它有两个比较实用的方法:
withAppendedId(uri, id)用于为路径加上ID部分:
Uri uri =Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person")
Uri resultUri =ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);
//生成后的Uri为:content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person/10
parseId(uri)方法用于从路径中获取ID部分:
Uri uri =Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person/10")
long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);//获取的结果为:10
1 基本的代码
package cn.csdn.hr.db;
import cn.csdn.hr.service.DBOpenHelper;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
public class PersonContentProvider extendsContentProvider {
//常量UriMatcher.NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码
privatestatic final UriMatcher sMatcher = new UriMatcher(
UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
privatestatic final int PERSONS = 1;
privatestatic final int PERSON = 2;
privateDBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;
static{
//如果match()方法匹配content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person路径,返回匹配码为1
sMatcher.addURI("cn.csdn.hr.personprovider","person", PERSONS);
sMatcher.addURI("cn.csdn.hr.personprovider","person?#",PERSON);
}
//content//cn.csdn.hr.personprovider
@Override
publicUri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
//获去数据的事例话操作
SQLiteDatabasedb = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
switch(sMatcher.match(uri)) {
casePERSONS:
longrowid = db.insert("person", "name", values);
/*
* withAppendedId(uri, id)用于为路径加上ID部分: Uri uri =
*Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person")
* Uri resultUri =ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);
* //生成后的Uri为:content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person/10
*/
returnContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, rowid);
default:
thrownew IllegalArgumentException("UNkown uri" + uri);
}
}
//content//cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person删除表中的所有记录
//content//cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person/10删除表中的指定ID的记录
@Override
publicint delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
//获去数据的事例话操作
SQLiteDatabasedb = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
intnum = 0;
switch(sMatcher.match(uri)) {
casePERSONS:
num= db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);
break;
casePERSON:
longpersonid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
Stringwhere = "personid" + personid;
if(selection != null && "".equals(selection)) {
where= where + " and " + selection;
}
num= db.delete("person", where, selectionArgs);
break;
default:
thrownew IllegalArgumentException("UNkown uri" + uri);
}
returnnum;
}
@Override
publicString getType(Uri uri) {
switch(sMatcher.match(uri)) {
casePERSONS:
return"vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";
casePERSON:
return"vnd.android.cursor.item/person";
default:
thrownew IllegalArgumentException("UNkown uri" + uri);
}
}
@Override
publicboolean onCreate() {
//进行初始化
dbOpenHelper= new DBOpenHelper(this.getContext());
returntrue;
}
//content//cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person查询表中的所有记录
//content//cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person/10查询表中的指定ID的记录
@Override
publicCursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[]selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
SQLiteDatabasedb = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
switch(sMatcher.match(uri)) {
casePERSONS:
returndb.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null,sortOrder);
casePERSON:
//获取ID
longpersonid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
Stringwhere = "personid" + personid;
//如果有外部的条件
if(selection != null && "".equals(selection)) {
where= where + " and " + selection;
}
returndb.query("person", projection, where, selectionArgs, null, null,sortOrder);
default:
thrownew IllegalArgumentException("UNkown uri" + uri);
}
}
//content//cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person更新表中的所有记录
//content//cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person/10更新表中的指定ID的记录
@Override
publicint update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[]selectionArgs) {
//获去数据的事例话操作
SQLiteDatabasedb = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
intnum = 0;
switch(sMatcher.match(uri)) {
casePERSONS:
num= db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
casePERSON:
//获取ID
longpersonid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
Stringwhere = "personid" + personid;
//如果有外部的条件
if(selection != null && "".equals(selection)) {
where= where + " and " + selection;
}
num =db.update("person", values,where, selectionArgs);
break;
default:
thrownew IllegalArgumentException("UNkown uri" + uri);
}
returnnum;
}
}
2 测试方法的应用
package cn.csdn.hr.activity;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.util.Log;
public class AccessContentProvider extendsAndroidTestCase {
privatestatic final String TAG="AccessContentProvider";
publicvoid testSave() throws Throwable{
ContentResolvercontentResolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
UriinsertUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person");
ContentValuesvalues = new ContentValues();
values.put("name","laozhang");
values.put("phone","1350000009");
values.put("amount","30000000000");
Uriuri = contentResolver.insert(insertUri, values);
Log.i(TAG,uri.toString());
}publicvoid testUpdate() throws Throwable{
ContentResolvercontentResolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
UriupdateUri =Uri.parse("content://cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person/5");
ContentValuesvalues = new ContentValues();
values.put("amount","300");
contentResolver.update(updateUri,values, null, null);
}
publicvoid testFind() throws Throwable{
ContentResolvercontentResolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
Uriuri = Uri.parse("content://cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person");
Cursorcursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, "personidasc");
while(cursor.moveToNext()){
intpersonid = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("personid"));
Stringname = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
Stringphone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"));
intamount = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("amount"));
Log.i(TAG,"personid="+ personid + ",name="+ name+",phone="+ phone+ ",amount="+ amount);
}
cursor.close();
}
publicvoid testDelete() throws Throwable{
ContentResolvercontentResolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
Uriuri = Uri.parse("content://cn.csdn.hr.personprovider/person/5");
contentResolver.delete(uri,null, null);
}
}