Android创建前台运行的Service

Service如果要防止尽可能不被系统杀掉，需要设置为在前台运行。

由于设置前台运行service的方法在2.0之前和2.0之后有所变化。

所以需要根据不同的版本进行区分；或者完全使用反射机制来处理，这样只要有相应的方法就可以使用，否则使用其他版本的方法。

下面是一个设置servcie前台运行的例子，参考了API中对Service的说明。

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Service.html#

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Build.VERSION;
import android.util.Log;

public class ForegroundService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "ForegroundService";
    
    private boolean mReflectFlg = false;
    
    private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 1; // 如果id设置为0,会导致不能设置为前台service
    private static final Class<?>[] mSetForegroundSignature = new Class[] {
        boolean.class};
    private static final Class<?>[] mStartForegroundSignature = new Class[] {
        int.class, Notification.class};
    private static final Class<?>[] mStopForegroundSignature = new Class[] {
        boolean.class};

    private NotificationManager mNM;  
    private Method mSetForeground;
    private Method mStartForeground;  
    private Method mStopForeground;
    private Object[] mSetForegroundArgs = new Object[1];
    private Object[] mStartForegroundArgs = new Object[2];  
    private Object[] mStopForegroundArgs = new Object[1];  
    
    @Override  
    public void onCreate() {  
        super.onCreate();
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
        
        mNM = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);  
        try {  
            mStartForeground = ForegroundService.class.getMethod("startForeground", mStartForegroundSignature);  
            mStopForeground = ForegroundService.class.getMethod("stopForeground", mStopForegroundSignature);  
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {  
            mStartForeground = mStopForeground = null;  
        }  
        
        try {
            mSetForeground = getClass().getMethod("setForeground",
                    mSetForegroundSignature);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "OS doesn't have Service.startForeground OR Service.setForeground!");
        }

        Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);
        PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,  
                new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0);  
        builder.setContentIntent(contentIntent);
        builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon);
        builder.setTicker("Foreground Service Start");
        builder.setContentTitle("Foreground Service");
        builder.setContentText("Make this service run in the foreground.");
        Notification notification = builder.build();
        
        startForegroundCompat(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);  
    }  
    
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
        Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand");
        
        return START_STICKY;
    } 
    
    @Override  
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
        return null;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void onDestroy() {  
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy");
        
        stopForegroundCompat(NOTIFICATION_ID);  
    }
    
    void invokeMethod(Method method, Object[] args) {
        try {
            method.invoke(this, args);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            // Should not happen.
            Log.w("ApiDemos", "Unable to invoke method", e);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // Should not happen.
            Log.w("ApiDemos", "Unable to invoke method", e);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * This is a wrapper around the new startForeground method, using the older
     * APIs if it is not available.
     */
    void startForegroundCompat(int id, Notification notification) {
        if (mReflectFlg) {
            // If we have the new startForeground API, then use it.
            if (mStartForeground != null) {
                mStartForegroundArgs[0] = Integer.valueOf(id);
                mStartForegroundArgs[1] = notification;
                invokeMethod(mStartForeground, mStartForegroundArgs);
                return;
            }
    
            // Fall back on the old API.
            mSetForegroundArgs[0] = Boolean.TRUE;
            invokeMethod(mSetForeground, mSetForegroundArgs);
            mNM.notify(id, notification);
        } else {
            /* 还可以使用以下方法，当sdk大于等于5时，调用sdk现有的方法startForeground设置前台运行，
             * 否则调用反射取得的sdk level 5（对应Android 2.0）以下才有的旧方法setForeground设置前台运行 */
            
            if(VERSION.SDK_INT >= 5) {
                startForeground(id, notification);
            } else {
                // Fall back on the old API.
                mSetForegroundArgs[0] = Boolean.TRUE;
                invokeMethod(mSetForeground, mSetForegroundArgs);
                mNM.notify(id, notification);    
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * This is a wrapper around the new stopForeground method, using the older
     * APIs if it is not available.
     */
    void stopForegroundCompat(int id) {
        if (mReflectFlg) {
            // If we have the new stopForeground API, then use it.
            if (mStopForeground != null) {
                mStopForegroundArgs[0] = Boolean.TRUE;
                invokeMethod(mStopForeground, mStopForegroundArgs);
                return;
            }
    
            // Fall back on the old API.  Note to cancel BEFORE changing the
            // foreground state, since we could be killed at that point.
            mNM.cancel(id);
            mSetForegroundArgs[0] = Boolean.FALSE;
            invokeMethod(mSetForeground, mSetForegroundArgs);
        } else {
            /* 还可以使用以下方法，当sdk大于等于5时，调用sdk现有的方法stopForeground停止前台运行，
             * 否则调用反射取得的sdk level 5（对应Android 2.0）以下才有的旧方法setForeground停止前台运行 */
            
            if(VERSION.SDK_INT >= 5) {
                stopForeground(true);
            } else {
                // Fall back on the old API.  Note to cancel BEFORE changing the
                // foreground state, since we could be killed at that point.
                mNM.cancel(id);
                mSetForegroundArgs[0] = Boolean.FALSE;
                invokeMethod(mSetForeground, mSetForegroundArgs);
            }
        }
    }

}

前台Service运行后的效果如图：

（1）.通知栏显示内容：

（2）.下拉后通知栏显示内容：