Java 泛型类约束与局限性
1.不能用基本类型实例化类型参数;
Pair<double> // 这样是错误的
2.运行时类型查询只适用于原始类型
Pair<String> stringPair = ...;
Pair<Employee> employeePair = ...;
if(StringPair.getClass() == employeePair.getClass())// they are equal
3.不能抛出也不能捕获泛型类实例
public class Problem<T> extends Exception{/* */} // error -- can't extend Throwable
public static <T extends Throwable> void doWork(Class<T> t) {
try {
do work;
} catch(T e) { // error -- can't catch type variable
Logger.global.info(...);
}
}
public static <T extends Throwable> void doWork(T t) { // ok
try {
do work;
} catch(Throwable realCause) {
t.initCause(realCause);
throw t;
}
}
4.参数化类型的数组不合法
Pair<String>[] table = new Pair<String>[10]; // Error
5.不能实例化类型变量
public Pair() {
first = new T(); // error
second = new T(); // error
}
public static <T> Pair<T> makePair(Class<T> cl) { // ok
try {
return new Pair<T>(cl.newInstance(), cl.newInstance());
} catch(Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
Pair<String> p = Pair.makePair(String.class);
6.泛型类的静态上下文中类型变量无效
public class Singleton<T> { // error
private static T instance; // error
public static T getSingleInstance() {
if(null == instance) {
instance = ...; // construct new instance of T
return instance;
}
}
}
7.注意擦除后的冲突
public class Pair<T> {
private T first;
private T second;
public boolean equals(T value) {
return first.equals(value) && second.equals(value);
}
}
boolean equals(String) // define in Pair<T>
boolean equals(Object) // inherited from Object
boolean equals(T) // T is erased into Object
boolean equals(Object) // two identical equals methods