隧道协议

http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0410/09/9523427_202393017.shtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunneling_protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethertype

List of IP protocol numbers:

• 0x06 TCP Transmission Control Protocol
• 0x11 UDP User Datagram Protocol
• 0x5E IPIP         IP-within-IP Encapsulation Protocol
  
• 0x61 ETHERIPEthernet-within-IP Encapsulation
• 0x70 VRRP         Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, Common Address Redundancy Protocol (not IANA assigned)
  
• 0x73 L2TP         Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3
  
• 0x84 SCTP         Stream Control Transmission Protocol
  
• 0x89 MPLS-in-IPMultiprotocol Label Switching Encapsulated in IP

EtherType

• 0x0800 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
• 0x0806 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• 0x86DD Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
• 0x8847 MPLS unicast
• 0x8848 MPLS multicast
• 0x8863 PPPoE Discovery Stage
• 0x8864 PPPoE Session Stage
• 0x88A8 Provider Bridging (IEEE 802.1ad) & Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq
• 0x9100 Q-in-Q

定义：

By using tunneling one can (for example) carry a payload over an incompatible delivery-network, or provide a secure path through an untrusted network.

去除VLAN。

第二层隧道协议：L2F、PPTP、L2TP等。

        L2TPv3: 

• • RFC 3931
  • L2TP协议是目前IETF的标准，由IETF融合PPTP与L2F而形成。
  • L2TPv3 provides additional security features, improved encapsulation, and the ability to carry data links other than simply PPP (PPP) over an IP network (e.g., Frame Relay, Ethernet, ATM, etc.). 提供了额外的安全特性、封装、承载数据链路的能力。
  • The entire L2TP packet, including payload and L2TP header, is sent within a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagram.It is common to carry PPP sessions within an L2TP tunnel.
  • L2TP协议允许对IP、IPX、或NetBEUI数据流进行加密，然后通过支持点对点的数据包传递的任意网络发送，如IP、X.25、帧中继或ATM等。
  • L2TP一般封装在UDP报文中（理论上也可以封装在IP报文里面），且内部一般承载PPP。
  • PPP的其他用途：a data link protocol commonly used in establishing a direct connection between two networking nodes。用于拨入Internet。使用Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) and Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA)。

三层隧道协议：

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)：

• • 公网IP传递私有IP,使用GRE封装；
  • IP + GRE + IP

EtherIP协议：

• • 对Ethernet和IEEE 802.3（包括802.1Q） Frame数据报文进行封装，使这些被封装的数据报文能够在IP网络中传输。EtherIP是Tunnel（隧道）技术的一种，属于第三层隧道协议。

            IPSec协议：

            CAPWAP：见本blog其他日志。

            IP-IP封装：IP Header + IP Header

            MPLS:

EtherType	Protocol
0x0800	Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
0x0806	Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
0x0842	Wake-on-LAN[3]
0x22F3	IETF TRILL Protocol
0x6003	DECnet Phase IV
0x8035	Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
0x809B	AppleTalk (Ethertalk)
0x80F3	AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP)
0x8100	VLAN-tagged frame (IEEE 802.1Q) & Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq[4]
0x8137	IPX
0x8138	IPX
0x8204	QNX Qnet
0x86DD	Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
0x8808	Ethernet flow control
0x8809	Slow Protocols (IEEE 802.3)
0x8819	CobraNet
0x8847	MPLS unicast
0x8848	MPLS multicast
0x8863	PPPoE Discovery Stage
0x8864	PPPoE Session Stage
0x8870	Jumbo Frames
0x887B	HomePlug 1.0 MME
0x888E	EAP over LAN (IEEE 802.1X)
0x8892	PROFINET Protocol
0x889A	HyperSCSI (SCSI over Ethernet)
0x88A2	ATA over Ethernet
0x88A4	EtherCAT Protocol
0x88A8	Provider Bridging (IEEE 802.1ad) & Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq[5]
0x88AB	Ethernet Powerlink[citation needed]
0x88CC	Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
0x88CD	SERCOS III
0x88E1	HomePlug AV MME[citation needed]
0x88E3	Media Redundancy Protocol (IEC62439-2)
0x88E5	MAC security (IEEE 802.1AE)
0x88F7	Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588)
0x8902	IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) Protocol / ITU-T Recommendation Y.1731 (OAM)
0x8906	Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)
0x8914	FCoE Initialization Protocol
0x8915	RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE)
0x892F	High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)
0x9000	Ethernet Configuration Testing Protocol[6]
0x9100	Q-in-Q
0xCAFE	Veritas Low Latency Transport (LLT)[7] for Veritas Cluster Server