Linux中的GPIO操作

Linux中的GPIO操作的一些函数：

要使用gpio，首先要使用这个函数来分配一个gpio

int gpio_request(unsigned gpio, const char *label)

指定输入还是输入模式

int gpio_direction_input(unsigned gpio);

这个函数能设置gpio的输出模式为输入

int gpio_direction_output(unsigned gpio, int value) 

这个函数能设置gpio的控制寄存器为输出模式，并且输出value(0-低电平 1-高电平)

gpio_set_value则是一个宏，它只负责让指定的gpio输出高低电平，但是不担保gpio的控制器是输出模式

#define gpio_set_value    __gpio_set_value

/**
 * __gpio_set_value() - assign a gpio's value
 * @gpio: gpio whose value will be assigned
 * @value: value to assign
 * Context: any
 *
 * This is used directly or indirectly to implement gpio_set_value().
 * It invokes the associated gpio_chip.set() method.
 */
void __gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value)
{
    struct gpio_chip    *chip;

    chip = gpio_to_chip(gpio);
    WARN_ON(chip->can_sleep);
    trace_gpio_value(gpio, 0, value);
    chip->set(chip, gpio - chip->base, value);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__gpio_set_value);

linux/arch/arm/plat-s3c/include/plat/gpio-cfg.h这个里面给我们提供了很多S3C平台的GPIO操作接口，我们来分析分析

第一部分：关于控制寄存器的设置函数

1.s3c_gpio_cfgpin()设置pin的功能

/**
 * s3c_gpio_cfgpin() - Change the GPIO function of a pin.
 * @pin pin The pin number to configure.
 * @to to The configuration for the pin's function.
 *
 * Configure which function is actually connected to the external
 * pin, such as an gpio input, output or some form of special function
 * connected to an internal peripheral block.
 *
 * The @to parameter can be one of the generic S3C_GPIO_INPUT, S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT
 * or S3C_GPIO_SFN() to indicate one of the possible values that the helper
 * will then generate the correct bit mask and shift for the configuration.
 *
 * If a bank of GPIOs all needs to be set to special-function 2, then
 * the following code will work:
 *
 *	for (gpio = start; gpio < end; gpio++)
 *		s3c_gpio_cfgpin(gpio, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2));
 *
 * The @to parameter can also be a specific value already shifted to the
 * correct position in the control register, although these are discouraged
 * in newer kernels and are only being kept for compatibility.
 */
extern int s3c_gpio_cfgpin(unsigned int pin, unsigned int to);

功能：设置GPIO的一个引脚的功能。

参数：@pin：要设置的引脚号

            @to：  要设置成什么功能，有三个选择，如下

/* Defines for generic pin configurations */
#define S3C_GPIO_INPUT	(S3C_GPIO_SPECIAL(0))   //设置成输出模式
#define S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT	(S3C_GPIO_SPECIAL(1))   //设置成输入模式
#define S3C_GPIO_SFN(x)	(S3C_GPIO_SPECIAL(x))   //设置成其他模式，根据参数x决定

其实前两种都可以使用第三种宏来实现，

设置成输出模式：S3C_GPIO_SFN(0)

设置成输入模式：S3C_GPIO_SFN(1)

它还举个例子，如果一组GPIO都需要设置成相同的功能，比如功能2，可以使用下面的代码

 	for (gpio = start; gpio < end; gpio++)
 		s3c_gpio_cfgpin(gpio, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2));

to这个参数也可以自己用掩码方式实现

#define S3C_GPIO_SPECIAL_MARK	(0xfffffff0)
#define S3C_GPIO_SPECIAL(x)	(S3C_GPIO_SPECIAL_MARK | (x))

可以看到，实际那三个宏也是通过掩码方式实现的，当然我们也可以自己用位移，屏蔽等方法实现，但是因为兼容性的问题，所以不鼓励那样做。

2.s3c_gpio_getcfg()获得pin的设置值

/**
 * s3c_gpio_getcfg - Read the current function for a GPIO pin
 * @pin: The pin to read the configuration value for.
 *
 * Read the configuration state of the given @pin, returning a value that
 * could be passed back to s3c_gpio_cfgpin().
 *
 * @sa s3c_gpio_cfgpin
 */
extern unsigned s3c_gpio_getcfg(unsigned int pin);

功能：读取一个pin的当前功能值

参数：@pin：要读取设置的pin

很好理解，有设置的，就要有读取的，有写就有读。

3.s3c_gpio_cfgin_range()设置一个范围內的引脚设置

/**
 * s3c_gpio_cfgpin_range() - Change the GPIO function for configuring pin range
 * @start: The pin number to start at
 * @nr: The number of pins to configure from @start.
 * @cfg: The configuration for the pin's function
 *
 * Call s3c_gpio_cfgpin() for the @nr pins starting at @start.
 *
 * @sa s3c_gpio_cfgpin.
 */
extern int s3c_gpio_cfgpin_range(unsigned int start, unsigned int nr,
				 unsigned int cfg);

功能：设置一个范围內的所有引脚设置

参数：@start：起始引脚

            @nr：    设置的引脚数量,从其实引脚开始，一共要设置几个引脚的数量     

            @cfg:      要设置的引脚功能

还记得我们刚才那个例子吗，设置一组GPIO的功能，看看实现就知道了，就是那个s3c_gpio_cfgpin的封装

int s3c_gpio_cfgpin_range(unsigned int start, unsigned int nr,
			  unsigned int cfg)
{
	int ret;

	for (; nr > 0; nr--, start++) {
		ret = s3c_gpio_cfgpin(start, cfg);
		if (ret != 0)
			return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(s3c_gpio_cfgpin_range);

第二部分：关于上下拉设置的寄存器设置

下面几个宏上下拉设置寄存器的几个状态值

/* Define values for the pull-{up,down} available for each gpio pin.
 *
 * These values control the state of the weak pull-{up,down} resistors
 * available on most pins on the S3C series. Not all chips support both
 * up or down settings, and it may be dependent on the chip that is being
 * used to whether the particular mode is available.
 */
#define S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE	((__force s3c_gpio_pull_t)0x00)  //关闭，上拉下拉都关闭
#define S3C_GPIO_PULL_DOWN	((__force s3c_gpio_pull_t)0x01)  //下拉
#define S3C_GPIO_PULL_UP	((__force s3c_gpio_pull_t)0x02)  //上拉

1.s3c_gpio_setpull()设置GPIO引脚的上下拉使能

/**
 * s3c_gpio_setpull() - set the state of a gpio pin pull resistor
 * @pin: The pin number to configure the pull resistor.
 * @pull: The configuration for the pull resistor.
 *
 * This function sets the state of the pull-{up,down} resistor for the
 * specified pin. It will return 0 if successful, or a negative error
 * code if the pin cannot support the requested pull setting.
 *
 * @pull is one of S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE, S3C_GPIO_PULL_DOWN or S3C_GPIO_PULL_UP.
*/
extern int s3c_gpio_setpull(unsigned int pin, s3c_gpio_pull_t pull);

功能：设置GPIO引脚的上下拉使能状态

参数：@pin：要设置的引脚

            @pull：设置的状态，值就是上面三个宏之一

2.s3c_gpio_getpull()读取指定GPIO的上下拉状态

/**
 * s3c_gpio_getpull() - get the pull resistor state of a gpio pin
 * @pin: The pin number to get the settings for
 *
 * Read the pull resistor value for the specified pin.
*/
extern s3c_gpio_pull_t s3c_gpio_getpull(unsigned int pin);

功能：读取指定GPIO的上下拉状态

参数：@pin：要读取的引脚

3.s3c_gpio_cfgall()设置一组GPIO引脚的功能和上下拉状态

/**
 * s3c_gpio_cfgall_range() - configure range of gpio functtion and pull.
 * @start: The gpio number to start at.
 * @nr: The number of gpio to configure from @start.
 * @cfg: The configuration to use
 * @pull: The pull setting to use.
 *
 * Run s3c_gpio_cfgpin() and s3c_gpio_setpull() over the gpio range starting
 * @gpio and running for @size.
 *
 * @sa s3c_gpio_cfgpin
 * @sa s3c_gpio_setpull
 * @sa s3c_gpio_cfgpin_range
 */
extern int s3c_gpio_cfgall_range(unsigned int start, unsigned int nr,
				 unsigned int cfg, s3c_gpio_pull_t pull);

功能：设置一组GPIO引脚的功能和上下拉状态

参数：@start：要设置的GPIO起始引脚

            @nr：要设置的引脚范围，从其实引脚算起

            @cfg：要设置成什么功能

            @pull：要设置成什么状态(上下拉)

这个应该是s3c_set_cfgpin_range和s3c_gpio_setpull()的混合体，我们看看它的实现

int s3c_gpio_cfgall_range(unsigned int start, unsigned int nr,
			  unsigned int cfg, s3c_gpio_pull_t pull)
{
	int ret;

	for (; nr > 0; nr--, start++) {
		s3c_gpio_setpull(start, pull);
		ret = s3c_gpio_cfgpin(start, cfg);
		if (ret != 0)
			return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(s3c_gpio_cfgall_range);

哦，是s3c_gpio_setpull()和s3c_gpio_setpull()的混合体

第三部分：关于驱动能力寄存器

/* Define values for the drvstr available for each gpio pin.
 *
 * These values control the value of the output signal driver strength,
 * configurable on most pins on the S5P series.
 */
#define S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV1	((__force s5p_gpio_drvstr_t)0x0)
#define S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV2	((__force s5p_gpio_drvstr_t)0x2)
#define S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV3	((__force s5p_gpio_drvstr_t)0x1)
#define S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4	((__force s5p_gpio_drvstr_t)0x3)

1.s5p_gpio_get_drvstr设置GPIO引脚的驱动能力寄存器

/**
 * s3c_gpio_set_drvstr() - set the driver streght value of a gpio pin
 * @pin: The pin number to configure the driver streght value
 * @drvstr: The new value of the driver strength
 *
 * This function sets the driver strength value for the specified pin.
 * It will return 0 if successful, or a negative error code if the pin
 * cannot support the requested setting.
*/
extern int s5p_gpio_set_drvstr(unsigned int pin, s5p_gpio_drvstr_t drvstr);

功能：设置GPIO引脚的驱动能力寄存器

参数：@pin：要设置的引脚

            @drvstr：设置驱动能力的强度，可想而知，它的值就是那四个宏的其中之一

2.s5p_gpio_get_drvstr()读取GPIO引脚的驱动能力寄存器的值

/**
 * s5c_gpio_get_drvstr() - get the driver streght value of a gpio pin
 * @pin: The pin number to get the settings for
 *
 * Read the driver streght value for the specified pin.
*/
extern s5p_gpio_drvstr_t s5p_gpio_get_drvstr(unsigned int pin);

功能：读取GPIO引脚的驱动能力寄存器的值

参数：@pin：要读取的GPIO引脚

第四部分：关于掉电模式寄存器

/* Define values for the power down configuration available for each gpio pin.
 *
 * These values control the state of the power down configuration resistors
 * available on most pins on the S5P series.
 */
#define S5P_GPIO_PD_OUTPUT0	((__force s5p_gpio_pd_cfg_t)0x00)
#define S5P_GPIO_PD_OUTPUT1	((__force s5p_gpio_pd_cfg_t)0x01)
#define S5P_GPIO_PD_INPUT	((__force s5p_gpio_pd_cfg_t)0x02)
#define S5P_GPIO_PD_PREV_STATE	((__force s5p_gpio_pd_cfg_t)0x03)

1.s5p_gpio_set_pd_cfg()设置引脚的掉电模式寄存器

/**
 * s5p_gpio_set_pd_cfg() - set the configuration of a gpio power down mode
 * @pin: The pin number to configure the pull resistor.
 * @pd_cfg: The configuration for the pwer down mode configuration register.
 *
 * This function sets the configuration of the power down mode resistor for the
 * specified pin. It will return 0 if successful, or a negative error
 * code if the pin cannot support the requested power down mode.
 *
*/
extern int s5p_gpio_set_pd_cfg(unsigned int pin, s5p_gpio_pd_cfg_t pd_cfg);

功能：设置引脚的掉电模式寄存器

参数：@pin：要设置的引脚

            @pd_cfg：要配置成的模式，当然是那四个宏之一

2.s5p_gpio_get_pd_cfg()取得引脚的掉电模式寄存器的值

/**
 * s5p_gpio_get_pd_cfg() - get the power down mode configuration of a gpio pin
 * @pin: The pin number to get the settings for
 *
 * Read the power down mode resistor value for the specified pin.
*/
extern s5p_gpio_pd_cfg_t s5p_gpio_get_pd_cfg(unsigned int pin);

功能：取得引脚的掉电模式寄存器的值

参数：@pin：要取得设置的引脚

/* Define values for the power down pull-{up,down} available for each gpio pin.
 *
 * These values control the state of the power down mode pull-{up,down}
 * resistors available on most pins on the S5P series.
 */
#define S5P_GPIO_PD_UPDOWN_DISABLE	((__force s5p_gpio_pd_pull_t)0x00)
#define S5P_GPIO_PD_DOWN_ENABLE		((__force s5p_gpio_pd_pull_t)0x01)
#define S5P_GPIO_PD_UP_ENABLE		((__force s5p_gpio_pd_pull_t)0x03)

3.s5p_gpio_set_pd_pull()设置掉点模式的引脚的上下拉模式

/**
 * s5p_gpio_set_pd_pull() - set the pull-{up,down} of a gpio pin power down mode
 * @pin: The pin number to configure the pull resistor.
 * @pd_pull: The configuration for the power down mode pull resistor.
 *
 * This function sets the configuration of the pull-{up,down} resistor for the
 * specified pin. It will return 0 if successful, or a negative error
 * code if the pin cannot support the requested pull setting.
 *
*/
extern int s5p_gpio_set_pd_pull(unsigned int pin, s5p_gpio_pd_pull_t pd_pull);

功能：设置掉点模式的引脚的上下拉模式

参数：@pin：要设置的引脚

            @pd_pull：要设置成什么模式，上下拉模式，当然是那三个宏拉

4.s5p_gpio_get_pd_pull()取得引脚的掉电模式上下拉电阻的设置

/**
 * s5p_gpio_get_pd_pull() - get the power down pull resistor config of gpio pin
 * @pin: The pin number to get the settings for
 *
 * Read the power mode pull resistor value for the specified pin.
*/
extern s5p_gpio_pd_pull_t s5p_gpio_get_pd_pull(unsigned int pin);

功能：取得引脚的掉电模式上下拉电阻的设置

参数：@pin：要取得设置的引脚

第五部分：关于中断引脚

这里我还不是很清楚，先不写了

1.s5p_register_gpio_interrupt()

/**
 * s5p_register_gpio_interrupt() - register interrupt support for a gpio group
 * @pin: The pin number from the group to be registered
 *
 * This function registers gpio interrupt support for the group that the
 * specified pin belongs to.
 *
 * The total number of gpio pins is quite large ob s5p series. Registering
 * irq support for all of them would be a resource waste. Because of that the
 * interrupt support for standard gpio pins is registered dynamically.
 *
 * It will return the irq number of the interrupt that has been registered
 * or -ENOMEM if no more gpio interrupts can be registered. It is allowed
 * to call this function more than once for the same gpio group (the group
 * will be registered only once).
 */
extern int s5p_register_gpio_interrupt(int pin);

功能：

参数：

2.s5p_register_gpioinit_bank()

/** s5p_register_gpioint_bank() - add gpio bank for further gpio interrupt
 * registration (see s5p_register_gpio_interrupt function)
 * @chain_irq: chained irq number for the gpio int handler for this bank
 * @start: start gpio group number of this bank
 * @nr_groups: number of gpio groups handled by this bank
 *
 * This functions registers initial information about gpio banks that
 * can be later used by the s5p_register_gpio_interrupt() function to
 * enable support for gpio interrupt for particular gpio group.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_S5P_GPIO_INT
extern int s5p_register_gpioint_bank(int chain_irq, int start, int nr_groups);
#else
#define s5p_register_gpioint_bank(chain_irq, start, nr_groups) do { } while (0)
#endif