dg的几个redo解释及备库目录

dg恢复操作的几个最主要的结构就是在线redo，归档redo,与standby redo，主库上的redo被备库上的remote file server(rfs)进程接受，rfs进程写redo文件到归档日志文件或是standby redo文件中，redo数据可以再归档redo文件中被应用或是在stand by redo文件中被直接应用。

在线redo日志

主库与备库上的每个实例都有一个在线日志来保护数据库防止实例故障，物理备库不适用在线redo日志，因为物理备库不在读写模式打开，物理备库上不会有改变，新的redo不会生成。

归档redo文件

归档文件是用来保持备库和主库事务一致性的，主库，物理与逻辑备库都使用归档redo文件。与物理备库不同，逻辑备库是打开数据库的，会产生redo数据，有很多的日志文件，包含，在线日志文件，归档日志文件，和standby 日志文件。

standby redo 文件

standby日志文件与在线日志文件类似，但是standby日志文件是用来存放别的库传来的redo数据的。如果要实现下面的事情，就需要standby redo log

1最大保护和最大可用性级别的数据保护。

2实时应用

3级联目的地

standby redo日志提供下面的好处：

1standby日志能放到裸设备上

2standby能放多分

3在故障转移的时候，dg可以在standby redo文件中恢复和应用redo数据，而不是只在归档中

4arc进程和lgwr进程可以直接传输主库上的redo到备库的redo文件上，消除了注册归档日志文件的步骤。

备库的路径可能有下面的几个形式

Standby System	Directory Structure	Consequences
Same as primary system	Different than primary system (required)	You must set the DB_UNIQUE_NAME initialization parameter. You can either manually rename files or set up the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT and LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameters on the standby database to automatically update the path names for primary database datafiles and archived redo log files and standby redo log files in the standby database control file. (See Section 3.1.4.) The standby database does not protect against disasters that destroy the system on which the primary and standby databases reside, but it does provide switchover capabilities for planned maintenance.
Separate system	Same as primary system	You do not need to rename primary database files, archived redo log files, and standby redo log files in the standby database control file, although you can still do so if you want a new naming scheme (for example, to spread the files among different disks). By locating the standby database on separate physical media, you safeguard the data on the primary database against disasters that destroy the primary system.
Separate system	Different than primary system	You can either manually rename files or set up the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT and LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameters on the standby database to automatically rename the datafiles (see Section 3.1.4). By locating the standby database on separate physical media, you safeguard the data on the primary database against disasters that destroy the primary system.