Some words about Computer

designdesign cycle  设计周期
All the phases involved in developing and producing new hardware or software.

compoment  (组成)部分，部[构，组]件
A discrete part of  a larger system or structure.

transfer  : The movement of data from one location to another.
transform : To change the appearance or format of data without altering its content.
Transmit : To send information over a communications line or a circuit.

significant figure  有效数字
internal interrupt  内部中断
EBCDIC :   Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
parity bit  奇偶(检验)位

Monitor ：
The term monitor usually refers to a display and its housing.The visual output device of a computer,which is commonly a CRT-based video display. With portable and notebook computers, the display is usually an LCD-based or a gas plasma-based flat-panel display

timer  定时器 ：
A feature often built into evaluation  versions of software that renders the software unusable after a certain period of time.

release    释放；发布 :
1/ To relinquish control of a block of memory, a device, or another system resource to the operating system.
2/ To formally make a product available to the marketplace.

 pulse  脉冲 :
A transient signal,usually brief and with a discrete onset and offset.

latency    等待时间 :
The time required for a signal to travel from one point on a network to another.

cache    高速缓冲区 :
A special memory subsystem in which frequently used data values are duplicated for quick access.

bandwidth 带宽 :
The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that an analog communications system can pass.

page   页 :
A fixed-size block of memory.

allocation   (资源)分配 :
In operating systems, the process of  reserving memory for use by a program.

PROM - programmable ROM    可编程ROM

hardwired   硬连线 :
Built into a system using hardware such as logic circuits, rather than accomplished through programming.

Hard disk : Magnetic disk
Hard return : 硬回车

VM virtual memory    虚拟存储器
virtual hosting    虚拟主机

reference    n.   引用 :
To access a variable, such as an element in an array or a field in a record.

block   块；内存块
expansion  slot     扩展槽

chip    芯片 :
Types of integrated circuit  
SSI ;  MSI ;  LSI ;
VLSI: very-large-scale intrgration   极大规模集成
ULSI: ultra-large-scale intrgration   超大规模集成

ROM  BIOS   存于ROM的基本输入输出系统 :
On PC-compatible computers, the set of essential software routines that tests hardware at startup,starts the operating system, and supports the transfer of data among hardware devices.

laser     激光器 :
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

intermediate language    中间语言
A computer language used as an intermediate step between the original source language,usually a high-level language, and the target language,usually machine code.

sink    接收器 :
A device or part of a device that receives something from another device.

graphic    a.  图的，图形的
graphics tablet / processor / interface    图形界面

light   pen    光笔
light – emitting diode    发光二极管

DMA   direct  memory  access    直接存储器存取
coprocessor   协处理器
accumulator    累加器
peripheral    n.  外(围)设(备)
map    v.  映射     n. 映像、映射
pattern    模式   pattern recognition 模式识别
modem    调制解调器  (modulator/demodulator)
sharpness    清晰度
resolution    分辨率
speech recognition    语音识别  / synthesis
image   图像
pixel    像素(picture(pix) element)
portable    a.  便携式；可移植 / ~ language
pin     引脚，插针
ribbon cable    带状电缆
ribbon cartridge    色带盒

dedicated    a.  专用   dedicated channel    专用信道
centralized control    集中式控制   / processing
decentralized control    分散式控制
daisy chain    菊花链

distributed processing    分布式处理
 arbitration    判优(原则)，仲裁(法)
 bridge    n.  网桥，桥接程序