Android network

系统中对网络的判断和选在是在Connectivityervice这个服务中来处理的，在系统启动的时候会启动这个系统服务：
系统启动完毕后，ConnectivityService在系统启动的时候就启动了。

在android内部，用framework/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml中定义了网络的类型：
   <string-array translatable="false" name="networkAttributes">
        <item>"default,wifi,0"</item>
        <item>"default,mobile,0"</item>
        <item>"mms,mobile,1"</item>
        <item>"supl,mobile,1"</item>
        <item>"dun,mobile,1"</item>
        <item>"hipri,mobile,2"</item>
    </string-array>

   <string-array translatable="false" name="radioAttributes">
        <item>"wifi,1,1"</item>
        <item>"mobile,0,1"</item>
    </string-array>

ConnectivityManager定义了向对应的字符串常量：
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE      = 0;
    /**
     * The Default WIFI data connection.  When active, all data traffic
     * will use this connection by default.  Should not coexist with other
     * default connections.
     */
    public static final int TYPE_WIFI        = 1;
    /**
     * An MMS-specific Mobile data connection.  This connection may be the
     * same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different.  This is used
     * by applications needing to talk to the carrier's Multimedia Messaging
     * Service servers.  It may coexist with default data connections.
     * {@hide}
     */
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_MMS  = 2;
    /**
     * A SUPL-specific Mobile data connection.  This connection may be the
     * same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different.  This is used
     * by applications needing to talk to the carrier's Secure User Plane
     * Location servers for help locating the device.  It may coexist with
     * default data connections.
     * {@hide}
     */
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL = 3;
    /**
     * A DUN-specific Mobile data connection.  This connection may be the
     * same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different.  This is used
     * by applicaitons performing a Dial Up Networking bridge so that
     * the carrier is aware of DUN traffic.  It may coexist with default data
     * connections.
     * {@hide}
     */
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_DUN  = 4;
    /**
     * A High Priority Mobile data connection.  This connection is typically
     * the same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but the routing setup is different.
     * Only requesting processes will have access to the Mobile DNS servers
     * and only IP's explicitly requested via {@link #requestRouteToHost}
     * will route over this interface.
     *{@hide}
     */
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI = 5;
    /** {@hide} */
    public static final int MAX_RADIO_TYPE   = TYPE_WIFI;
    /** {@hide} */
    public static final int MAX_NETWORK_TYPE = TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;

    public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = TYPE_WIFI;
并设置了默认的网络连接是TYPE_WIFI.
ConnectivityManager的方法是通过AIDL的使用，调用ConnectivityService中的方法来实现的。ConnectivityService继承了IConnectivityManage.stub.

在ConnectivityService内部，定义了两个类来解析xml中的网络类型，类的代码如下：

 private class NetworkAttributes {
        /**
         * Class for holding settings read from resources.
         */
        public String mName;
        public int mType;
        public int mRadio;
        public int mPriority;
        public NetworkInfo.State mLastState;
        public NetworkAttributes(String init) {
            String fragments[] = init.split(",");
            mName = fragments[0].toLowerCase();
            if (fragments[1].toLowerCase().equals("wifi")) {
                mRadio = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
            } else {
                mRadio = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
            }
            if (mName.equals("default")) {
                mType = mRadio;
            } else if (mName.equals("mms")) {
                mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS;
            } else if (mName.equals("supl")) {
                mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL;
            } else if (mName.equals("dun")) {
                mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
            } else if (mName.equals("hipri")) {
                mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
            }
            mPriority = Integer.parseInt(fragments[2]);
            mLastState = NetworkInfo.State.UNKNOWN;
        }
        public boolean isDefault() {
            return (mType == mRadio);
        }
    }

    private class RadioAttributes {
        public String mName;
        public int mPriority;
        public int mSimultaneity;
        public int mType;
        public RadioAttributes(String init) {
            String fragments[] = init.split(",");
            mName = fragments[0].toLowerCase();
            mPriority = Integer.parseInt(fragments[1]);
            mSimultaneity = Integer.parseInt(fragments[2]);
            if (mName.equals("wifi")) {
                mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
            } else {
                mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
            }
        }
    }

并通过一下代码，来给网络分配优先级，
   mPriorityList = new int[naStrings.length];
        {
            int priority = 0; //lowest
            int nextPos = naStrings.length-1;
            while (nextPos>-1) {
                for (int i = 0; i < mNetAttributes.length; i++) {
                    if(mNetAttributes[i].mPriority == priority) {
                        mPriorityList[nextPos--] = i;
                    }
                }
                priority++;
            }
        }

        mNetRequestersPids =
                new ArrayList[ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE+1];
        for (int i=0; i<=ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE; i++) {
            mNetRequestersPids[i] = new ArrayList();
        }

其中，TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI的优先级最高，其次为TYPE_MOBILE_MMS，TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL，TYPE_MOBILE_DUN，
优先级最低的为TYPE_WIFI，TYPE_MOBILE。TYPE_WIFI，TYPE_MOBILE两个网络类型中，TYPE_WIFI大于TYPE_MOBILE的优先级，
在打开wifi的连接后，mobile网络会被关闭。wifi网络连接关闭后，mobile网络会重新连接。在处理网络连接的Handler的代码中有处理：
    private void handleConnect(NetworkInfo info) {
        int type = info.getType();
        Log.d(TAG, "Got Network Connection Succ from Driver nwtype="+type);
        // snapshot isFailover, because sendConnectedBroadcast() resets it
        boolean isFailover = info.isFailover();
        NetworkStateTracker thisNet = mNetTrackers[type];

        // if this is a default net and other default is running
        // kill the one not preferred
        if (mNetAttributes[type].isDefault()) {
            if (mActiveDefaultNetwork != -1 && mActiveDefaultNetwork != type) {
                if ((type != mNetworkPreference &&
                        mNetAttributes[mActiveDefaultNetwork].mPriority >
                        mNetAttributes[type].mPriority) ||
                        mNetworkPreference == mActiveDefaultNetwork) {
                        if(!((SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("true") ||
                              SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("TRUE"))&&
                               CNE.isCndUp)) {
                            // don't accept this one
                            if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Not broadcasting CONNECT_ACTION " +
                                    "to torn down network " + info.getTypeName());
                            teardown(thisNet);
                        }
                        return;
                } else {
                    // tear down the other
                    NetworkStateTracker otherNet =
                            mNetTrackers[mActiveDefaultNetwork];
                    if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Policy requires " +
                            otherNet.getNetworkInfo().getTypeName() +
                            " teardown");
                    if(!((SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("true") ||
                           SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("TRUE"))&&
                            CNE.isCndUp)) {
                        if (DBG) Log.i(TAG, "CNE To support Simultaneous Nws we"+
                                 " will not tear down other nw");
                        if (!teardown(otherNet)) {
                            Log.e(TAG, "Network declined teardown request");
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    if (isFailover) {
                        otherNet.releaseWakeLock();
                    }
                }
            }
            mActiveDefaultNetwork = type;
        }
        thisNet.setTeardownRequested(false);
        thisNet.updateNetworkSettings();
        handleConnectivityChange();
        sendConnectedBroadcast(info);
    }

SystemServer启动ConnectivityService，ConnectivityService启动对网络的监视器。
   在SystemServer的run()函数中，启动ConnectivityService的代码：
     try {
                Log.i(TAG, "Connectivity Service");
                connectivity = ConnectivityService.getInstance(context);
                ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, connectivity);
                connectivity.startCne();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Failure starting Connectivity Service", e);
            }

 

   在ConnectivityService的构造函数中启动网络监视器的代码：
   if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");
        WifiStateTracker wst = new WifiStateTracker(context, mHandler);
        WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, wst);
        ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);
        mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI] = wst;

        mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE] =
                new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, Phone.APN_TYPE_DEFAULT,
                "MOBILE");

        mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS] =
                new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, Phone.APN_TYPE_MMS,
                "MOBILE_MMS");

        mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL] =
                new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, Phone.APN_TYPE_SUPL,
                "MOBILE_SUPL");

        mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN] =
                new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN, Phone.APN_TYPE_DUN,
                "MOBILE_DUN");

        mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI] =
                new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, Phone.APN_TYPE_HIPRI,
                "MOBILE_HIPRI");

        mNumDnsEntries = 0;

        mTestMode = SystemProperties.get("cm.test.mode").equals("true")
                && SystemProperties.get("ro.build.type").equals("eng");

        for (NetworkStateTracker t : mNetTrackers)
            t.startMonitoring();

        // Constructing this starts it too
        mWifiWatchdogService = new WifiWatchdogService(context, wst);
在settings中可以设置网络连接，比如打开wifi，打开bluetooth,设置apn的连接等等，在设置完成后，设置的消息会存在一个数据库中保存，并发送系统消息来广播网络设置的变化。
          在网络监视器中捕捉了settings中发出的相应的网络广播信息，
          网络监视器中注册了settings中网络变化的信息，有变化会做相应的处理，并将处理的结果存储在NetworkInfo类的一个对象中，在ConnectivityService中通过
        public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int networkType)方法可以得知当前networkType类型网络的连接情况。

在app中，我们可以通过ConnectivityManager来获取当前的网络信息，并能指定当前程序需要的网络类型：
       ConnectivityManager mCnn = context.getSystemService(context.NONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
       NetworkInfo         mNetinfo = mCnn.getActiveNetworkInfo();
         mCnn.setNetworkPreference(int preference);//设定首选网络类型。
假如没有设定，网络类型为系统默认。在wifi，3G网络同时存在的情况下，系统会默认的调用wifi网络，加载wifi的驱动，走wifi网络。

 

 

wifi子系统的分析：
初始化
在 SystemServer 启动的时候,会生成一个 ConnectivityService 的实例,
              try {
                    Log.i(TAG, "Starting Connectivity Service.");
                    ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, new
ConnectivityService(context));
              } catch (Throwable e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Failure starting Connectivity Service", e);
              }
ConnectivityService 的构造函数会创建 WifiService,
          if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");
          mWifiStateTracker = new WifiStateTracker(context, handler);
          WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, mWifiStateTracker);
          ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);
WifiStateTracker 会创建 WifiMonitor 接收来自底层的事件,WifiService 和 WifiMonitor 是整
个模块的核心。WifiService 负责启动关闭 wpa_supplicant、启动关闭 WifiMonitor 监视线程
和把命令下发给 wpa_supplicant,而 WifiMonitor 则负责从 wpa_supplicant 接收事件通知。
连接 AP
1. 使能 WIFI
WirelessSettings 在初始化的时候配置了由 WifiEnabler 来处理 Wifi 按钮,
     private void initToggles() {
          mWifiEnabler = new WifiEnabler(
                       this,
                       (WifiManager) getSystemService(WIFI_SERVICE),
                       (CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_TOGGLE_WIFI));
当用户按下 Wifi 按钮后,               Android 会调用 WifiEnabler 的 onPreferenceChange,   
再由 WifiEnabler
调用 WifiManager 的 setWifiEnabled 接口函数,通过 AIDL,实际调用的是 WifiService 的
setWifiEnabled 函数,WifiService 接着向自身发送一条 MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI 消息,在
处理该消息的代码中做真正的使能工作:首先装载 WIFI 内核模块(该模块的位置硬编码为
"/system/lib/modules/wlan.ko" ), 然 后 启 动 wpa_supplicant ( 配 置 文 件 硬 编 码 为
"/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf") 再通过 WifiStateTracker 来启动 WifiMonitor 中的监视
线程。
     private boolean setWifiEnabledBlocking(boolean enable) {
          final      int     eventualWifiState   =     enable    ?   WIFI_STATE_ENABLED     :
WIFI_STATE_DISABLED;
          updateWifiState(enable ? WIFI_STATE_ENABLING : WIFI_STATE_DISABLING);
          if (enable) {
                if (!WifiNative.loadDriver()) {
                       Log.e(TAG, "Failed to load Wi-Fi driver.");
                       updateWifiState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN);
                       return false;
                }
                if (!WifiNative.startSupplicant()) {
                       WifiNative.unloadDriver();
                       Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start supplicant daemon.");
                       updateWifiState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN);
                       return false;
                }
                mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();
          }
             // Success!
             persistWifiEnabled(enable);
             updateWifiState(eventualWifiState);
             return true;
      }
当使能成功后,会广播发送 WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent 通知外界 WIFI
已 经 成 功 使 能 了 。 WifiEnabler 创 建 的 时 候 就 会 向 Android 注 册 接 收
WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION,因此它会收到该 Intent,从而开始扫描。
          private void handleWifiStateChanged(int wifiState) {
             if (wifiState == WIFI_STATE_ENABLED) {
                  loadConfiguredAccessPoints();
                  attemptScan();
             }
2. 查找 AP
扫描的入口函数是 WifiService 的 startScan,它其实也就是往 wpa_supplicant 发送 SCAN 命
令。
static jboolean android_net_wifi_scanCommand(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
      jboolean result;
      // Ignore any error from setting the scan mode.
      // The scan will still work.
      (void)doBooleanCommand("DRIVER SCAN-ACTIVE", "OK");
      result = doBooleanCommand("SCAN", "OK");
      (void)doBooleanCommand("DRIVER SCAN-PASSIVE", "OK");
      return result;
}
当 wpa_supplicant 处理完 SCAN 命令后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知扫描完成,从而
wifi_wait_for_event 函数会接收到该事件,由此 WifiMonitor 中的 MonitorThread 会被执行来
出来这个事件,
             void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
                        case SCAN_RESULTS:
                             mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();
                             break;
WifiStateTracker 则接着广播发送 SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 这个 Intent
                  case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:
                        mContext.sendBroadcast(new
Intent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));
WifiLayer 注册了接收 SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 这个 Intent,所以它的相关
处理函数 handleScanResultsAvailable 会被调用,在该函数中,先会去拿到 SCAN 的结果(最
终是往 wpa_supplicant 发送 SCAN_RESULT 命令并读取返回值来实现的)                             ,
                List<ScanResult> list = mWifiManager.getScanResults();
对每一个扫描返回的 AP,WifiLayer 会调用 WifiSettings 的 onAccessPointSetChanged 函数,
从而最终把该 AP 加到 GUI 显示列表中。
     public void onAccessPointSetChanged(AccessPointState ap, boolean added) {
          AccessPointPreference pref = mAps.get(ap);
          if (added) {
                if (pref == null) {
                      pref = new AccessPointPreference(this, ap);
                      mAps.put(ap, pref);
                } else {
                      pref.setEnabled(true);
                }
                mApCategory.addPreference(pref);
          }
     }
3. 配置 AP 参数
当用户在 WifiSettings 界面上选择了一个 AP 后,会显示配置 AP 参数的一个对话框,
     public boolean onPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen preferenceScreen, Preference
preference) {
          if (preference instanceof AccessPointPreference) {
                AccessPointState             state           =         ((AccessPointPreference)
preference).getAccessPointState();
                showAccessPointDialog(state, AccessPointDialog.MODE_INFO);
          }
     }
4. 连接
当用户在 AcessPointDialog 中选择好加密方式和输入密钥之后,再点击连接按钮,Android
就会去连接这个 AP。
     private void handleConnect() {
          String password = getEnteredPassword();
          if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
                mState.setPassword(password);
          }
          mWifiLayer.connectToNetwork(mState);
     }
WifiLayer 会先检测这个 AP 是不是之前被配置过,这个是通过向 wpa_supplicant 发送
LIST_NETWORK 命令并且比较返回值来实现的,
          // Need WifiConfiguration for the AP
          WifiConfiguration config = findConfiguredNetwork(state);
如果 wpa_supplicant 没有这个 AP 的配置信息,                     则会向 wpa_supplicant 发送 ADD_NETWORK
命令来添加该 AP,
          if (config == null) {
                // Connecting for the first time, need to create it
                config                             =                     addConfiguration(state,
ADD_CONFIGURATION_ENABLE|ADD_CONFIGURATION_SAVE);
          }
ADD_NETWORK 命 令 会 返 回 一 个 ID , WifiLayer 再 用 这 个 返 回 的 ID 作 为 参 数 向
wpa_supplicant 发送 ENABLE_NETWORK 命令,从而让 wpa_supplicant 去连接该 AP。
          // Make sure that network is enabled, and disable others
          mReenableApsOnNetworkStateChange = true;
          if (!mWifiManager.enableNetwork(state.networkId, true)) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Could not enable network ID " + state.networkId);
                error(R.string.error_connecting);
                return false;
          }
5. 配置 IP 地址
当 wpa_supplicant 成功连接上 AP 之后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知连接上 AP 了,从而
wifi_wait_for_event 函数会接收到该事件,由此 WifiMonitor 中的 MonitorThread 会被执行来
出来这个事件,
          void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
                     case CONNECTED:
                           handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,
remainder);
                           break;
WifiMonitor 再调用 WifiStateTracker 的 notifyStateChange,WifiStateTracker 则接着会往自身
发送 EVENT_DHCP_START 消息来启动 DHCP 去获取 IP 地址,
     private void handleConnectedState() {
          setPollTimer();
          mLastSignalLevel = -1;
          if (!mHaveIPAddress && !mObtainingIPAddress) {
                mObtainingIPAddress = true;
                mDhcpTarget.obtainMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START).sendToTarget();
          }
     }
然后再广播发送 NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent
                case EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED:
                     if (result.state != DetailedState.DISCONNECTED || !mDisconnectPending) {
                           intent                                 =                        new
Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
                           intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO,
mNetworkInfo);
                          if (result.BSSID != null)
                                intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_BSSID, result.BSSID);
                          mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
                     }
                     break;
WifiLayer 注册了接收 NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent,所以它的相关
处理函数 handleNetworkStateChanged 会被调用,
当 DHCP 拿到 IP 地址之后,会再发送 EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED 消息,
     private class DhcpHandler extends Handler {
          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                switch (msg.what) {
                     case EVENT_DHCP_START:
                          if (NetworkUtils.runDhcp(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) {
                                event = EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED;
                                                      }
WifiLayer 处 理 EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED 消 息 , 会 再 次 广 播 发 送
NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent,这次带上完整的 IP 地址信息。
                case EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED:
                     mWifiInfo.setIpAddress(mDhcpInfo.ipAddress);
                     setDetailedState(DetailedState.CONNECTED);
                     intent =new Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
                     intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO, mNetworkInfo);
                     mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
                     break;
至此为止,整个连接过程完成。

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/fengguowuhen7871/archive/2010/08/30/5849214.aspx