在android中使用Realm数据库框架

详细参考说明在https://realm.io/docs/java/latest/#getting-started
Github地址在https://github.com/realm/realm-java
具体要使用该框架需要参考文档Getting Started中配置
Realm使用C++编写，不同于android中的sqlite

下面看一张结构图，

realm重要的对象，
Realm，RealmConfiguration，RealmObject，RealmList，RealmQuery，RealmResults这些概念想要了解可以去看文档。

1.在application中初始化

<span style="font-size:14px;">public class MyApplication extends Application {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        RealmConfiguration realmConfiguration = new RealmConfiguration.Builder(this).build();
        Realm.setDefaultConfiguration(realmConfiguration);
    }
}</span>

2.在activity或者fragment中获取和关闭realm

<span style="font-size:14px;">public class MyActivity extends Activity {
    private Realm realm;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        realm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
    }


    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        realm.close();
    }
}</span>

<span style="font-size:14px;">public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
    private Realm realm;


    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        realm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
    }


    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        realm.close();
    }
}</span>

3.使用realm来操作数据库，尽管这些操作很快，但是还是建议放在后台进行。可以在回调中更新ui

<span style="font-size:14px;">realm.executeTransactionAsync(new Realm.Transaction() {
            @Override
            public void execute(Realm bgRealm) {
                User user = bgRealm.createObject(User.class);
                user.setName("John");
                user.setEmail("john@corporation.com");
            }
        }, new Realm.Transaction.OnSuccess() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess() {
                // Transaction was a success.
            }
        }, new Realm.Transaction.OnError() {
            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable error) {
                // Transaction failed and was automatically canceled.
            }
        });</span>

这里要注意，你监听了并且在回调的方法中执行了ui操作。可能你执行ui操作之前activity或者fragment已经关闭

，所以我们要及时关闭realm任务，避免程序crash

<span style="font-size:14px;">@Override
public void onStop () {
    if (transaction != null && !transaction.isCancelled()) {
        transaction.cancel();
    }
}</span>

4.加密数据库

<span style="font-size:14px;">	byte[] key = new byte[64];
     	new SecureRandom().nextBytes(key);
    	RealmConfiguration realmConfiguration = new RealmConfiguration.Builder(this)
                .encryptionKey(key)
                .build();
        // Start with a clean slate every time
     	Realm.deleteRealm(realmConfiguration);
        // Open the Realm with encryption enabled
     	realm = Realm.getInstance(realmConfiguration);</span>

5.一些基本的常用的realm数据库操作。

支持boolean, byte, short, ìnt, long, float, double, String, Date and byte[]；
其中byte, short, int, and long会自动映射成long

a,建立实体对象，继承RealmObject

RealmObject是自动更新的，比如你将一个数据读取出来后，又做了修改，修改会马上在数据中生效，不需要你再
将数据保存到数据库

<span style="font-size:14px;">public class User extends RealmObject {

//realm不支持final, transient and volatile 修饰符

@PrimaryKey  //定义主键
private int id;


@Required  //表示realm会检查该字段不允许为空
    private String          name;
    private int             age;
    
    @Ignore   //表示realm会在操作数据库时忽略该字段，不会存放
    private int             sessionId;
    // Standard getters & setters generated by your IDE…
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public void   setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    public int    getAge() { return age; }
    public void   setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }
    public int    getSessionId() { return sessionId; }
    public void   setSessionId(int sessionId) { this.sessionId = sessionId; }
}</span>

当然也支持绑定一个reamlobject,来建立数据库中一对一，一对多，多对多的关系
比如一对一：

<span style="font-size:14px;">public class Email extends RealmObject {
    private String address;
    private boolean active;
    // ... setters and getters left out
}

public class Contact extends RealmObject {
    private String name;
    private Email email; 
    // ... setters and getters left out
}</span>

比如一对多，多对多，使用RealmList

<span style="font-size:14px;">public class Contact extends RealmObject {
    public String name;
    public RealmList<Email> emails;
}

public class Email extends RealmObject {
    public String address;
    public boolean active;
}</span>

b.根据上面的介绍，建立好实体对象和完成reaml的初始化和获取后。就可以开始幸福的简单的数据库操作了

包含增删改查；
下面的操作都要放到executeTransactionAsync中
1.增加记录，

<span style="font-size:14px;">User user = realm.createObject(User.class);
user.setName("John");
user.setEmail("john@corporation.com");</span>

2.查询记录，

RealmResults<User> result2 = realm.where(User.class)  //以where表示条件的开头
中间表示条件
                                  .equalTo("name", "John")
                                  .or()
                                  .equalTo("name", "Peter")
                                  
                                  .findAll();   //以findAll表示条件的结尾
    可以不要条件，表示全部查找。也可以将多个连续查询合并，示例如下
    RealmResults<User> r2 = realm.where(User.class)
                             .equalTo("dogs.name", "Fluffy")
                             .findAll()
                             
                             .where()
                             .equalTo("dogs.color", "Brown")
                             .findAll();
                             
                             .where()
                             .equalTo("dogs.color", "Yellow")
                             .findAll();

一些常用的查找条件，
between(), greaterThan(), lessThan(), greaterThanOrEqualTo() & lessThanOrEqualTo()
equalTo() & notEqualTo()
contains(), beginsWith() & endsWith()
isNull() & isNotNull()
isEmpty() & isNotEmpty()
可以查完后排序
RealmResults<User> result = realm.where(User.class).findAll();
result = result.sort("age"); // Sort ascending
result = result.sort("age", Sort.DESCENDING);
可以查完后进行求和，求最大最小，求平均
RealmResults<User> results = realm.where(User.class).findAll();
long   sum     = results.sum("age").longValue();
long   min     = results.min("age").longValue();
long   max     = results.max("age").longValue();
double average = results.average("age");

long   matches = results.size();

3.删除记录，搜索出需要删除的记录后调用

final RealmResults<User> results = getUsers();
results.deleteFromRealm(0); 

    results.deleteFirstFromRealm();
    results.deleteLastFromRealm();
    
    results.deleteAllFromRealm();

 4.修改记录，直接查完后调用set方法就可以了。