【Servlet】Request/Response/Cookie/Session中常用方法

#1.Request

package com.tcb.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 目的：总结HttpRequest中常用的方法
 */
public class Servlet01Request extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    public Servlet01Request() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//一、路径问题：
		//1.上下文路径: /TCB-Request01         	当前项目目录(重要的)
		String contextPath=request.getContextPath();
		System.out.println("======contextPath======="+contextPath);
		//2.uri--统一资源标识符:  /TCB-Request01/Servlet01	服务器上的路径
		String uri=request.getRequestURI();
		System.out.println("======uri======="+uri);
		//3.url--统一资源定位符:  http://localhost:8080/TCB-Request01/Servlet01
		String url=request.getRequestURL().toString();
		System.out.println("======url======="+url);//
		//统一资源标识符=http://localhost/资源标识符
		//访问的地址：统一资源定位符
		
		
		//二、提交方式--GET/POST    默认是GET方式，此处运行结果为GET
		String method=request.getMethod();
		System.out.println("======method======="+method);
		
		//三、服务器内部--根据需求设置要传的值，并在其他页面根据Request获取值--利用的Request是域对象的特性，进行页面见传值
		//注意：区别于Parameter
		request.setAttribute("key", "value");
		request.getAttribute("");//根据名称获取指定传的值
		request.getAttributeNames();//获取所有的传值的名称
		
		
		//四、客户端--获取客户端传来的参数Parameter--比如get方式中地址栏问号？后的username=Jane&password=123
		//1.根据指定参数名称获取值
		request.getParameter("");//值为单个时
		request.getParameterValues("");//值为多个时，返回值为数组--比如爱好hobby，一个参数名下对应多个值
		//2.获取所有参数名称
		request.getParameterNames();
		//3.获取所有参数，并一键值对（key=value）的形式存在map集合中
		request.getParameterMap();
		
		//五、获得Cookie和session
		request.getCookies();
		request.getSession();
		request.getRequestedSessionId();//获取session的id，每个session都会在客户端生成一个唯一的id
		
		//六、设置编码方式
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		
		//七、转发--地址栏不变，请求一次
		request.getRequestDispatcher("要跳转到的页面地址").forward(request, response);
		request.getRequestDispatcher("要跳转到的页面地址").include(request, response);//包含，功能与forward类似，不常用
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

#2.Response

package com.tcb.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 目的：总结HttpResponse中常用的方法
 */
public class Servlet02Response extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    public Servlet02Response() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//一、设置编码--当然也可以获取编码方式，不常用就不一一列出了
		//设置响应输出的编码方式，不常用，一般用下面那个
		response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		//告诉浏览器输出的文本是html，让浏览器按照html方式进行解析，并且HTML的文件的编码格式是utf-8
		//因为在进行输出时可以写html标签，若没有设置为如下格式，就不能解析html标签
		//比如：response.getWriter().write("<a href='http://www.baidu.com' >百度<a/>");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		
		//二、输出流
		response.getWriter();//字符流
		response.getOutputStream();//字节流
		
		//三、添加Cookie
		Cookie cookie=new Cookie("username", "用户名");
		response.addCookie(cookie);
		
		//四、设置请求头--常用于文件下载
		response.setHeader("content-type", "image/png");//设置请求头内容类型，为png类型图片
		//content-disposition内容配置
		//attachment代表附件的意思  保存下载内容
		response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+"文件名称，带扩展名");
		
		//setHeader实现刷新
		//3s后刷新，只刷新一次--其中3指代时间                          所以setHeader也可以实现页面跳转
		response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url=刷新跳转的页面地址，可以是jsp，HTML，Servlet等");
		response.setIntHeader("refresh", 3);//目的：循环是刷新,每隔3s去刷新
		
		
		//五、重定向--地址栏变化，请求两次
		response.sendRedirect("要跳转到的页面地址，一般用绝对路径");
		
		
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

#3.Cookie

package com.tcb.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 目的：总结Cookie中常用的方法
 */
public class Servlet03Cookie extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    public Servlet03Cookie() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//获取Cookie
		request.getCookies();
		//创建和添加Cookie
		Cookie cookie=new Cookie("", "");//参数1：参数名   参数2：参数值
		response.addCookie(cookie);
		
		//设置Cookie有效时间和路径
		cookie.setMaxAge(0);//设置Cookie有效时间，单位是秒     值为0时，表示Cookie失效（默认）   
		cookie.setPath("uri,路径");//设置Cookie路径
		
		//获取Cookie的值和名以及当前路径
		cookie.getName();
		cookie.getValue();
		cookie.getPath();
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

#4.Session

package com.tcb.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * 目的：总结Session中常用的方法
 */
public class Servlet04Session extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    public Servlet04Session() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//创建session
		HttpSession session=request.getSession();
		//给session赋值以及获取值--参数1：参数名  参数2：参数值
		session.setAttribute("key", "value");
		session.getAttribute("");//根据传值的名称获取值
		session.getAttributeNames();//获取session中存的所有值的名称
		
		//设置session有效时间，单位秒
		session.setMaxInactiveInterval(5);
		
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}