问题:
给定两个字符串 A和B,由A转成B所需的最少编辑操作次数。允许的编辑操作包括将一个字符替换成另一个字符,插入一个字符,删除一个字符。
例如将A(kitten)转成B(sitting):
sitten (k→s)替换
sittin (e→i)替换
sitting (→g)插入
思路:
如果我们用 i 表示当前字符串 A 的下标,j 表示当前字符串 B 的下标。 如果我们用d[i, j] 来表示A[1, ... , i] B[1, ... , j] 之间的最少编辑操作数。那么我们会有以下发现:
1. d[0, j] = j;
2. d[i, 0] = i;
3. d[i, j] = d[i-1, j - 1] if A[i] == B[j]
4. d[i, j] = min(d[i-1, j - 1], d[i, j - 1], d[i-1, j]) + 1 if A[i] != B[j]
所以,要找出最小编辑操作数,只需要从底自上判断就可以了。伪代码如下:
int LevenshteinDistance(char s[1..m], char t[1..n])
{
// for all i and j, d[i,j] will hold the Levenshtein distance between
// the first i characters of s and the first j characters of t;
// note that d has (m+1)x(n+1) values
declare int d[0..m, 0..n]
for i from 0 to m
d[i, 0] := i // the distance of any first string to an empty second string
for j from 0 to n
d[0, j] := j // the distance of any second string to an empty first string
for j from 1 to n
{
for i from 1 to m
{
if s[i] = t[j] then
d[i, j] := d[i-1, j-1] // no operation required
else
d[i, j] := minimum
(
d[i-1, j] + 1, // a deletion
d[i, j-1] + 1, // an insertion
d[i-1, j-1] + 1 // a substitution
)
}
}
return d[m,n]
}
参考:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance