1、Yum源文件
路径:[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
说明:默认生效文件:CentOS-Base.repo ,其他几个文件不默认不生效
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
说明:
[base] 容器名称,一定要放在[]中
name 容器说明,可以自己随便写
mirrorlist 镜像站点,这个可以注释掉 ,mirrorlist和baseurl两者都可以有,或者有其一即可,根据实际情况进行选择
baseurl 我们的yum源服务器的地址。默认是CentOS官方的yum源服务器,是可以使用的,如果觉得慢可以改成你喜欢的yum源地址
enabled 此容器是否生效,如果不写或者写成enabled=1都是生效,enabled=0不生效
gpgcheck 1:rmp的数字证书生效 0:不生效,建议设置为1,进行官方检测
gpgkey 数字证书的公钥文件保存位置,不用修改
redhat中yum需要收费
2、搭建本地yum源
2-1光盘挂载
#建立挂载点
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
#挂载光盘
mount /dev/cdrome /mnt/cdrome
2-2使网络yum源失效,本地源生效
进入yum源配置目录
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
修改yum源文件后缀名,使其生效
mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
修改CentOS-Media.repo配置文件,使其生效
vim CentOS-Media.repo
# CentOS-Media.repo
#
# This repo can be used with mounted DVD media, verify the mount point for
# CentOS-6. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the
# DVD ISO that we release.
#
# To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too:
# yum --enablerepo=c6-media [command]
#
# or for ONLY the media repo, do this:
#
# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media [command]
[c6-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ 修改路径为光盘挂载点的路径
# file:///media/cdrom/ 定格注释掉,否则会报错
# file:///media/cdrecorder/ 定格注释掉,否则会报错
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1 修改为1,默认是0,使其生效
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
~
保存,退出。
检查配置是否生效
yum list
3、yum 命令
3-1 查询
查询所有可用软件列表
yum list
搜索服务器上所有和关键字相关的包
yum search 关键字
3-2 安装
yum -y install 包名
选项:
install 安装
-y 自动回答yes
包全名只针对rpm包安装,yum安装使用包名
例如:安装c语言编译器
yum install -y gcc
3-3 yum 升级
升级是需要付出代价的。除非爆发安全大漏洞,否则不要经常升级。能不能做升级就不做升级。
yum -y update 包名
一定尽量不要执行 ,执行此命令会升级linux所有的软件包,包括内核
yum -y update
3-4 卸载
yum -y remove 包名
说明:
服务器使用最小化安装
用什么软件安装什么软件,尽量不卸载,因为软件有相互依赖,卸载后可能导致其他软件不可用。