Base64是网络上最常见的用于传输8Bit字节代码的编码方式之一,大家可以查看RFC2045~RFC2049,
上面有MIME的详细规范。Base64编码可用于在HTTP环境下传递较长的标识信息。例如,在Java Persistence系统Hibernate中,
就采用了Base64来将一个较长的唯一标识符(一般为128-bit的UUID)编码为一个字符串,用作HTTP表单和HTTP GET URL中的参数。
在其他应用程序中,也常常需要把二进制数据编码为适合放在URL(包括隐藏表单域)中的形式。此时,采用Base64编码不仅比较简短,
同时也具有不可读性,即所编码的数据不会被人用肉眼所直接看。
规则
关于这个编码的规则:
①.把3个
字符变成4个字符..
②每76个
字符加一个换行符..
③.最后的结束符也要处理..
转化表
代码示例
void encode(TCHAR *src, int src_len, TCHAR *dst)
{
int i = 0, j = 0;
char base64_map[65] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
for (; i < src_len - src_len % 3; i += 3) {
dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i] >> 2) & 0x3F];
dst[j++] = base64_map[((src[i] << 4) & 0x30) + ((src[i + 1] >> 4) & 0xF)];
dst[j++] = base64_map[((src[i + 1] << 2) & 0x3C) + ((src[i + 2] >> 6) & 0x3)];
dst[j++] = base64_map[src[i + 2] & 0x3F];
}
if (src_len % 3 == 1) {
dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i] >> 2) & 0x3F];
dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i] << 4) & 0x30];
dst[j++] = '=';
dst[j++] = '=';
}
else if (src_len % 3 == 2) {
dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i] >> 2) & 0x3F];
dst[j++] = base64_map[((src[i] << 4) & 0x30) + ((src[i + 1] >> 4) & 0xF)];
dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i + 1] << 2) & 0x3C];
dst[j++] = '=';
}
dst[j] = '\0';
}
void decode(TCHAR *src, int src_len, char *dst)
{
int i = 0, j = 0;
unsigned char base64_decode_map[256] = {
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
/*20*/255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
/*40*/255, 255, 255, 62, 255, 255, 255, 63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 255, 255,
255, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21/*V*/, 22/*W*/, 23/*X*/, 24/*Y*/, 25/*Z*/, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
49, 50, 51, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255};
for (; i < src_len; i += 4) {
dst[j++] = base64_decode_map[src[i]] << 2 |
base64_decode_map[src[i + 1]] >> 4;
dst[j++] = base64_decode_map[src[i + 1]] << 4 |
base64_decode_map[src[i + 2]] >> 2;
dst[j++] = base64_decode_map[src[i + 2]] << 6 |
base64_decode_map[src[i + 3]];
}
// dst[j] = '\0';
dst[j] = '\0';
}