C++ IPv4与IPv6的兼容编码

 struct addrinfo hints, *res, *ressave;      

bzero(&hints, sizeof(hints));    

hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;  

 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;  

hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_IP;  

官网：

https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/NetworkingInternetWeb/Conceptual/NetworkingOverview/UnderstandingandPreparingfortheIPv6Transition/UnderstandingandPreparingfortheIPv6Transition.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40010220-CH213-SW1

Check Source Code for IPv6 DNS64/NAT64 Incompatibilities

Check for and eliminate IPv4-specific APIs, such as:

• inet_addr()

• inet_aton()

• inet_lnaof()

• inet_makeaddr()

• inet_netof()

• inet_network()

• inet_ntoa()

• inet_ntoa_r()

• bindresvport()

• getipv4sourcefilter()

• setipv4sourcefilter()

If your code handles IPv4 types, make sure the IPv6 equivalents are handled too.

IPv4	IPv6
AF_INET	AF_INET6
PF_INET	PF_INET6
struct in_addr	struct in_addr6
struct sockaddr_in	struct sockaddr_in6
kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv4	kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv6

Use System APIs to Synthesize IPv6 Addresses

If your app needs to connect to an IPv4-only server without a DNS hostname, use getaddrinfo to resolve the IPv4 address literal. If the current network interface doesn’t support IPv4, but supports IPv6, NAT64, and DNS64, performing this task will result in a synthesized IPv6 address.

Listing 10-1 shows how to resolve an IPv4 literal using getaddrinfo. Assuming you have an IPv4 address stored in memory as four bytes (such as {192, 0, 2, 1}), this example code converts it to a string (such as "192.0.2.1"), uses getaddrinfo to synthesize an IPv6 address (such as a struct sockaddr_in6 containing the IPv6 address "64:ff9b::192.0.2.1") and tries to connect to that IPv6 address.

Listing 10-1  Using getaddrinfo to resolve an IPv4 address literal

#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <netdb.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <err.h>

uint8_t ipv4[4] = {192, 0, 2, 1};

struct addrinfo hints, *res, *res0;

int error, s;

const char *cause = NULL;

char ipv4_str_buf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN] = { 0 };

const char *ipv4_str = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ipv4, ipv4_str_buf, sizeof(ipv4_str_buf));

memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));

hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;

hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;

hints.ai_flags = AI_DEFAULT;

error = getaddrinfo(ipv4_str, "http", &hints, &res0);

if (error) {

errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));

/*NOTREACHED*/

}

s = -1;

for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) {

s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,

res->ai_protocol);

if (s < 0) {

cause = "socket";

continue;

}

if (connect(s, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) < 0) {

cause = "connect";

close(s);

s = -1;

continue;

}

break; /* okay we got one */

}

if (s < 0) {

err(1, "%s", cause);

/*NOTREACHED*/

}

freeaddrinfo(res0);

Note: The ability to synthesize IPv6 addresses was added to getaddrinfo in iOS 9.2 and OS X 10.11.2. However, leveraging it does not break compatibility with older system versions. See getaddrinfo(3) Mac OS X Developer Tools Manual Page.