Borland Delphi一句话帮助

Borland Delphi一句话帮助

1. 如果想你的程序能够正确处理异常情况的话，请引用SysUtils.pas单元，否则即使程序使用了try。。。except。。。也不能正确捕获异常。
2. 定义常量字符串的一种方式
resourcestring
aa='aaaa';
raise Exception.CreateRes(@aa);
3. 字符串常量数组的初始化
const constarray:array [0..2] of string=(‘first’,’second’,’third’);
4. 结构体初始化
type Tstructinit=record
A1:integer;
A2:array [0..2] of integer;
End;
Const m_structinit:Tstructinit=(A1:0;A2:(0,1,2));
5. 多维数组的长度
var array2:array of array of integer;
setlength(array2,2,2);
6. 使用Create和New开辟的空间都存在于堆中，不能自动释放，建议使用FreeAndNil释放/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, 参数以及局部变量存在于栈中，自动释放。
7. SizeOf不适合于对象，返回的总是4；对于固定类型可以正确返回.
8. Create(nil)需要手工释放，Creat(self)会随着拥有者的释放而释放.
9. 动态改变已定义常量的值
procedure ChangeConst(const Const;var Value;Size:Integer);
begin
Move((@Value)^,(@Constant)^,Size);
End;
10. 进行删除操作的时候循环使用DownTo,会避免错误. 

11. 汉字的Ascii码>128，可以用它来判别是否为汉字
12. dll编写中，需要使用Sharemem单元来引用BORLANDMM.DLL内存管理.
13. PostMessage只将消息放到消息队列中，需要排队等待处理。
SendMessage绕过消息队列直接发送到窗口过程,等到消息处理返回值才返回.
14. 鼠标移入移出消息：CM_MOUSEENTER,CM_MOUSELEAVE
15. 关机消息WM_QUERYENDSESSION
16. 可以利用ThintWindow和类的方法ActivateHint来创建浮动窗体.
17. 调出文件属性对话框
uses ShellAPI;
function ShowFileProperties(FileName/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ String; Wnd/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ HWND):Boolean;
var
sfi/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TSHELLEXECUTEINFO;
begin
with sfi do
begin
cbSize := SizeOf(sfi);
lpFile := PAnsiChar(FileName);
Wnd := Wnd;
fMask := SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS or SEE_MASK_INVOKEIDLIST or SEE_MASK_FLAG_NO_UI;
lpVerb := PAnsiChar('properties');
lpIDList := nil;
lpDirectory := nil;
nShow := 0;
hInstApp := 0;
lpParameters := nil;
dwHotKey := 0;
hIcon := 0;
hkeyClass := 0;
hProcess := 0;
lpClass := nil;
end;
Result := ShellExecuteEX(@sfi);
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TObject);
begin
ShowFileProperties('c:/AA.txt'/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Handle);
end;
18. 更改系统时间
uses Windows,Dialogs,Forms;
var MyTime:TsystemTime;
begin
FillChar(MyTime,sizeof(MyTime),#0);
MyTime.wYear:=2003;
MyTime.wMonth:=06;
MyTime.wDay:=01;
If not SetSystem(MyTime) then
Showmessage(‘Failure’);
End;
19. 复制文件夹Xcopy
. procedure Xcopy(SourceDir,DestinationDir:String);
var
Search /DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TSearchRec;
Rec /DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ word;
Begin
SourceDir := SourceDir + '/';
Rec := FindFirst(SourceDir + '*.*'/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, faAnyFile/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Search);
While Rec = 0 Do
Begin
If Search.Name[1] <> '.' Then
Begin 

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If (Search.Attr And faDirectory) = faDirectory Then
Begin
Windows.CreateDirectory(PChar(DestinationDir + '/' + Search.Name)/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, nil);
FileSetAttr(DestinationDir + '/' + Search.Name/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, FileGetAttr(SourceDir + '/' + Search.Name));
X_Copy(SourceDir + '/' + Search.Name/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, DestinationDir + '/' + Search.Name);
end
Else
Begin
CopyFile(PChar(SourceDir + '/' + Search.Name),PChar(DestinationDir + '/' + Search.Name)/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, True);
FileSetAttr(DestinationDir + '/' + Search.Name/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, FileGetAttr(SourceDir + '/' + Search.Name));
Application.ProcessMessages;
end;
end;
Rec := FindNext(Search);
end;
FindClose(Search);
end;
20. 绘制透明位图
procedure DrawTrans(DestCanvas/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TCanvas; X,Y/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ smallint; Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap@ TBitmap; AColor/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, BackColor/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TColor);

var AND/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, OR/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap@ TBitmap;
CM/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TCopyMode;
Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TRect;
begin
ANDBitmap:= NIL;
ORBitmap:= NIL;
try
ANDBitmap:= TBitmap.Create;
ORBitmap:= TBitmap.Create;
Src := Bounds(0,0/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap.Width/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap.Height);(P> with ORBitmap do begin
Width:= Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap.Width;(P> Height:= Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap.Height;(P> Canvas.Brush.Color := clBlack;
Canvas.CopyMode := cmSrcCopy;
Canvas.BrushCopy(Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, AColor);
end;
with ANDBitmap do begin
Width:= Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap.Width;(P> Height:= Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap.Height;(P> Canvas.Brush.Color := BackColor;
Canvas.CopyMode := cmSrcInvert;
Canvas.BrushCopy(Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Src/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, AColor);
end;
with DestCanvas do begin
CM := CopyMode;
CopyMode := cmSrcAnd;
Draw(X,Y/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, ANDBitmap);
CopyMode := cmSrcPaint;
Draw(X,Y/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, ORBitmap);
CopyMode := CM;

end;
finally
ANDBitmap.Free;
ORBitmap.Free;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TObject);
begin
DrawTrans(Image1.Canvas/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, 0,0/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, Image2.Picture./DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/Bitmap/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, clBlack/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, clSilver);
end;
21. 获取CPU速度
function GetCpuSpeed/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ Extended;
var
t/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, mhi/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, mlo/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, nhi/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27//DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/, nlo/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ dword;
shr32 /DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ comp;
begin
shr32 := 65536;
shr32 := shr32 * 65536;
t := GetTickCount;
while t = GetTickCount do ;
asm
DB 0FH,031H // rdtsc
mov mhi,edx
mov mlo,eax
end;
while GetTickCount < (t + 1000) do ;
asm
DB 0FH,031H // rdtsc
mov nhi,edx
mov nlo,eax
end;
Result := ((nhi * shr32 + nlo) - (mhi * shr32 + mlo)) / 1E6;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender/DownloadFiles/a200507/2005-07-27/@ TObject);
begin
label1.Caption := FloatToStr(GetCpuSpeed) + 'mhz';
end;