在网络编程中经常会用到in_addr,char* ,unsigned long表示的IP地址(指定的是IP4),winsock 提供inet_addr(char* -> unsigned long),inet_ntoa(in_addr -> char*),在实际应用中,不同数据类型总是需要转换,如果每一次转换需要调用函数转换,这样会很繁琐。
通常,一个IP(v4)地址是一个32位无符号的整数类型,即unsigned long,而in_addr结构可以用来表现每个8位的数值(u_char),in_addr结构实际上也是一个32位无符号的整数类型,也就是in_addr::S_un::S_addr,这样in_addr可以和unsigned long直接转换。为了便于阅读,并提供了char*的形式来表示ip地址。inet_addr用于从 char* 类型到 unsigned long的转换;inet_ntoa提供了从in_addr -> char*的转换。
虽然 in_addr,char* ,unsigned long之间可以通过函数来转换,但编写代码的过程很繁琐,几乎每一次转换调用都需要调用函数,而且很容易忘记函数。既然这几个类型可以互相转换,那就可以通过一个类来封装这些类型,使得这些类型可以在类的封装下实现互相转换。
下面使用一个命名为CIPv4AddressForm的类封装上述的三种数据类型,并在类实现几个常用的方法,比如得到数据成员的数值、在不同类型之间直接转换(实现运算符重载),不同数据类型之间直接赋值。
//定义
class CIPv4AddressForm{
protected:
char* m_pc;
in_addr m_addr;
unsigned long m_ul;
public:
inline CIPv4AddressForm(){}
CIPv4AddressForm(char* IpAddress);
CIPv4AddressForm(unsigned long& IpAddress);
CIPv4AddressForm(in_addr IpAddress);
CIPv4AddressForm(CIPv4AddressForm& ins);
virtual ~CIPv4AddressForm();
/*重新设置*/
CIPv4AddressForm& Reset(char* IpAddress);
CIPv4AddressForm& Reset(unsigned long& IpAddress);
CIPv4AddressForm& Reset(in_addr IpAddress);
/*获取类型*/
char* ToString()const;
unsigned long ToUInt() ;
in_addr& ToAddr();
/*自动转换*/
operator unsigned long();
operator char* ()const;
operator in_addr& ();
/*比较是否相等*/
bool operator ==(CIPv4AddressForm& r );
bool operator ==(char* r);
bool operator ==(in_addr& r);
bool operator ==(unsigned long& r);
bool operator !=(CIPv4AddressForm& r);
bool operator !=(char* r);
bool operator !=(in_addr& r);
bool operator !=(unsigned long& r);
/*赋值*/
CIPv4AddressForm& operator =(CIPv4AddressForm& r);
CIPv4AddressForm& operator =(char* r);
CIPv4AddressForm& operator =(unsigned long& r);
CIPv4AddressForm& operator =(in_addr& r);
};
//实现
CIPv4AddressForm::CIPv4AddressForm(in_addr IpAddress){ this->m_addr=IpAddress; this->m_ul=this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); } CIPv4AddressForm::CIPv4AddressForm(unsigned long& IpAddress){ this->m_ul=IpAddress; this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr=IpAddress; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); } CIPv4AddressForm::CIPv4AddressForm(char* IpAddress){ this->m_ul=inet_addr(IpAddress); this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr=this->m_ul; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr);//不要直接 this->m_pc=IpAddress,否则IpAddress释放了m_pc就没作用了 } CIPv4AddressForm::CIPv4AddressForm(CIPv4AddressForm& ins){ this->m_ul=ins.ToUInt(); this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr=this->m_ul; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); } CIPv4AddressForm::~CIPv4AddressForm(){ //no implement... } /*重新设置*/ CIPv4AddressForm& CIPv4AddressForm::Reset(in_addr IpAddress){ this->m_addr=IpAddress; this->m_ul=this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); return (*this); } CIPv4AddressForm& CIPv4AddressForm::Reset(unsigned long& IpAddress){ this->m_ul=IpAddress; this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr=IpAddress; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); return (*this); } CIPv4AddressForm& CIPv4AddressForm::Reset(char* IpAddress){ this->m_ul=inet_addr(IpAddress); this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr=this->m_ul; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr);//不要直接 this->m_pc=IpAddress return (*this); } /*获取类型*/ char* CIPv4AddressForm::ToString()const{ return this->m_pc; } unsigned long CIPv4AddressForm::ToUInt(){ return this->m_ul; } in_addr& CIPv4AddressForm::ToAddr(){ return this->m_addr; } /*自动转换*/ CIPv4AddressForm::operator unsigned long(){ return this->m_ul; } CIPv4AddressForm::operator char *()const{ return this->m_pc; } CIPv4AddressForm::operator in_addr &(){ return this->m_addr; } /*比较是否相等*/ bool CIPv4AddressForm::operator ==(CIPv4AddressForm &r){ if(this->m_ul==r.ToUInt()) return true; return false; } bool CIPv4AddressForm::operator ==(char* r){ if(lstrcmpiA(r,this->m_pc)==0) return true; return false; } bool CIPv4AddressForm::operator ==(unsigned long& r){ if(this->m_ul==r) return true; return false; } bool CIPv4AddressForm::operator ==(in_addr &r){ if(this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr==r.S_un.S_addr) return true; return false; } bool CIPv4AddressForm::operator !=(CIPv4AddressForm &r){ if(this->m_ul!=r.ToUInt()) return true; return false; } bool CIPv4AddressForm::operator !=(char* r){ if(lstrcmpiA(r,this->m_pc)!=0) return true; return false; } bool CIPv4AddressForm::operator !=(unsigned long& r){ if( this->m_ul!=r) return true; return false; } bool CIPv4AddressForm::operator !=(in_addr &r){ if(this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr!=r.S_un.S_addr) return true; return false; } /*赋值*/ CIPv4AddressForm& CIPv4AddressForm::operator =(CIPv4AddressForm& r){ this->m_ul=r.ToUInt(); this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr=this->m_ul; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); return (*this); } CIPv4AddressForm& CIPv4AddressForm::operator =(char* r){ this->m_ul=inet_addr(r); this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr=this->m_ul; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); return (*this); } CIPv4AddressForm& CIPv4AddressForm::operator =(unsigned long & r){ this->m_ul=r; this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr=r; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); return(*this); } CIPv4AddressForm& CIPv4AddressForm::operator =(in_addr& r){ this->m_addr=r; this->m_ul=this->m_addr.S_un.S_addr; this->m_pc=inet_ntoa(this->m_addr); return (*this); }
上述的封装类简化了ip地址在不同数据类型之间转换在编码时的重复劳动,但程序的运行效率就会比原来的直接调用要低一点。
调用 示例:
CIPv4AddressForm ins("192.168.0.10");
std::cout<<ins.ToUInt()<<std::endl;
CIPv4AddressForm ins3;
ins3=ins;
std::cout<<ins3.ToString()<<std::endl;
ins3="168.192.0.1";
PCL(ins3.ToString());