异步：fasync_struct

这一节主要在上一节中添加了异步通知的功能，要注意观察和对比该字符设备的驱动是怎样一步步完善的。

补充一下小知识：异步通知的意思是一旦设备就绪，就主动通知应用程序，这样应用程序根本读不需要查询设备状态。

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

#define GLOBALFIFO_SIZE 0x1000 /* 全局fifo最大4K字节 */
#define FIFO_CLEAR 0x1 /* 清零全局内存的长度 */
#define GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR 250 /* 预设的globalfifo的主设备号 */

static int globalfifo_major = GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR;

// globalfifo设备结构体
struct globalfifo_dev
{
	struct cdev cdev; // cdev结构体
	unsigned int current_len;  // fifo有效数据长度
	unsigned char mem[GLOBALFIFO_SIZE]; //全局内存
	struct semaphore sem;  /* 并发控制用的信号量 */
	wait_queue_head_t r_wait;  /* 阻塞读用的等待队列头 */
	wait_queue_head_t w_wait;  /* 阻塞写用的等待队列头 */
	struct fasync_struct *async_queue; /* 异步结构体指针，用于读 */
};

struct globalfifo_dev *globalfifo_devp;  // 设备结构体指针

/* 打开函数 */
int globalfifo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	/* 将设备结构体指针赋值给文件私有数据指针 */
	filp->private_data = globalfifo_devp;
	return 0;
}

/* globalfifo fasync函数 */
static int globalfifo_fasync(int fd, struct file *filp, int mode)
{
	struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
	return fasync_helper(fd, filp, mode, &dev->async_queue);
}

/* 文件释放函数 */
 int globalfifo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	/* 将文件从异步通知列表中删除 */
	globalfifo_fasync(-1, filp, 0);

	return 0;
}

/* ioctl设备控制函数 */
static int globalfifo_ioctl(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filp ,
		unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
	struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

	switch(cmd)
	{
		case FIFO_CLEAR:
			down(&dev->sem); //获得信号量
			dev->current_len = 0;
			memset(dev->mem, 0, GLOBALFIFO_SIZE);
			up(&dev->sem);   //释放信号量

			printk(KERN_INFO "globalfifo is set to zero \n");

			break;
		default:
			return -EINVAL;
	}
	return 0;
}

static unsigned int globalfifo_poll(struct file *filp, poll_table *wait)
{
	unsigned int mask = 0;
	struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; //获取设备结构体指针

	down(&dev->sem);

	poll_wait(filp, &dev->r_wait, wait);
	poll_wait(filp, &dev->w_wait, wait);

	//fifo非空
	if (dev->current_len != 0)
	{
		mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; //标示数据可获得
	}
	/* fifo 非满*/
	if (dev->current_len != GLOBALFIFO_SIZE)
	{
		mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM; /* 标示数据可写入*/
	}

	up(&dev->sem);
	return mask;
}

/* globalfifo读函数 */
static ssize_t globalfifo_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	int ret;
	struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

	DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); //定义等待队列

	down(&dev->sem); //获取信号量
	add_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait,&wait); //进入读等待队列头

	//等待FIFO非空
	if(dev->current_len == 0)
	{
		if(filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
		{
			ret = -EAGAIN;
			goto out;
		}

		__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); //改变进程状态为睡眠
		up(&dev->sem);

		schedule(); //调度其他进程执行
	    if (signal_pending(current)) //如果是因为信号唤醒
		{
			ret = -ERESTARTSYS;
			goto out2;
		}
		down(&dev->sem);
	}
	
	/* 拷贝到用户空间 */
	if(count > dev->current_len)
	{
		count = dev->current_len;
	}	
	if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem, count))
	{
		ret = -EFAULT;
		goto out;
	}
	else
	{
		memcpy(dev->mem, dev->mem + count, dev->current_len - count);// fifo数据前移
		dev->current_len -= count; //有效数据长度减少
		printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s), current_len: %d\n", count, dev->current_len);

		wake_up_interruptible(&dev->w_wait); //唤醒写等待队列
		ret = count;
	}
out: up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
out2: remove_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); //从附属的等待队列头移除

	  set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
	  return ret;
}


/* globalfifo 写操作 */
static ssize_t globalfifo_write(struct file *filp,const char __user *buf, 
		size_t count,loff_t *ppos)
{
	struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; // 获取设备结构体指针
	int ret ;
	DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); // 定义等待队列
	down(&dev->sem); //获取信号量
	add_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); //进入写等待队列头

	/* 等待FIFO非满 */
	if(dev->current_len == GLOBALFIFO_SIZE)
	{
		if(filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
		{
			//如果是非阻塞访问
			ret = -EAGAIN;
			goto out;
		}
		__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); //改变进程状态为睡眠
		up(&dev->sem);

		schedule(); //调度其他进程执行
		if(signal_pending(current)) //如果是因为信号唤醒
		{
			ret = -ERESTARTSYS;
			goto out2;
		}

		down(&dev->sem); //获取信号量
	}

	/* 从用户空间拷贝到内核空间 */
	if (count > GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len)
		count = GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len;

	if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + dev->current_len, buf, count))
	{
		ret = -EFAULT;
		goto out;
	}
	else
	{
		dev->current_len += count;
		printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes, current_len:%d\n", count, 
				dev->current_len);
		wake_up_interruptible(&dev->r_wait); //唤醒读等待队列

		/* 产生异步读信号*/
		if (dev->async_queue)
			kill_fasync(&dev->async_queue, SIGIO, POLL_IN);

		ret = count;
	}

out: up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
out2:remove_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); //从附属的等待队列头移除
	 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
	 return ret;
}

/* 文件操作结构体 */
static const struct file_operations globalfifo_fops =
{
	.owner =THIS_MODULE,
	.read = globalfifo_read,
	.write = globalfifo_write,
	.ioctl = globalfifo_ioctl,
	.poll = globalfifo_poll,
	.open = globalfifo_open,
	.release = globalfifo_release,
	.fasync = globalfifo_fasync,
};

/* 初始化并注册cdev */
static void globalfifo_setup_cdev(struct globalfifo_dev *dev, int index)
{
	int err, devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, index);

	cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalfifo_fops);
	dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	dev->cdev.ops = &globalfifo_fops;
	err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
	if (err)
		printk(KERN_INFO "Error %d adding LED%d", err, index);
}

/* 设备驱动模块加载 */
int globalfifo_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0);

	//申请设备号
	if (globalfifo_major)
		ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "globalfifo");
	else //动态申请设备号
	{
		ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "globalfifo");
		globalfifo_major = MAJOR(devno);
	}

	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;
	/* 动态申请设备结构体的内存 */
	globalfifo_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!globalfifo_devp)
	{
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail_malloc;
	}

	memset(globalfifo_devp, 0, sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev));

	globalfifo_setup_cdev(globalfifo_devp, 0);

	init_MUTEX(&globalfifo_devp->sem); //初始化信号量
	init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->r_wait); //初始化读等待队列头
	init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->w_wait); // 初始化写等待队列头

	return 0;

fail_malloc:unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
	return ret;
}

/* 模块卸载函数 */
void globalfifo_exit(void)
{
	cdev_del(&globalfifo_devp->cdev); //注销cdev
	kfree(globalfifo_devp); //释放设备结构内存
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0), 1); // 释放设备号
}

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");

module_param(globalfifo_major, int, S_IRUGO);

module_init(globalfifo_init);
module_exit(globalfifo_exit);

用户空间的验证程序：

/* 这是一个用户空间的用来测试globalfifo字符
 * 驱动设备的异步接受处理程序asyncmonitor.c
 * 作者：liwei.cai
 * 日期: 2012-08-07
 */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/* 接受到异步读信号后的动作 */
void input_handler(int signum)
{
	printf("recevie a signal from globalfifo, signalnum:%d\n", signum);
}

int main(void)
{
	int fd, oflags;
	fd = open("/dev/globalfifo", O_RDWR, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
	if (fd != -1)
	{
		//启动信号驱动机制
		signal(SIGIO, input_handler); //让input_handler()处理SIGIO信号
		fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
		oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
		fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, oflags | FASYNC);
		while(1)
		{
			sleep(1000);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		printf("device open failure.\n");
	}
}